Khorasani Turkic (, ) is an
Oghuz Turkic language spoken in the
North Khorasan Province and the
Razavi Khorasan Province in
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. Nearly all Khorasani Turkic speakers are also
bilingual in
Persian.
The closest language of Khorasani Turkic is considered
Turkmen, with which it shares the eastern subbranch of Oghuz languages.
Geographic distribution
Khorasani Turkic is spoken in the Iranian provinces of
North Khorasan
North Khorasan Province ( fa, استان خراسان شمالی, ''Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī'') is a province located in northeastern Iran. Bojnord is the capital of the province. The counties of North Khorasan Province are Shirvan Cou ...
near
Bojnord and
Razavi Khorasan near
Sabzevar,
Quchan. The
Oghuz dialect spoken in Western
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...
is sometimes considered a dialect of Khorasani Turkic.
Dialects
Khorasani Turkic is split into North, South and West dialects. The northern dialect is spoken in North Khorasan near Quchan; the southern in Soltanabad, near Sabzevar; the western, around Bojnord.
Classification and related languages
Khorasani Turkic belongs to the
Oghuz group of
Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia ( Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turki ...
, which also includes
Turkish,
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijanis
* Azerbaijani language
See also
* Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
* Azeri (disambiguation)
* Azerbaijani cuisine
* Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan ...
,
Gagauz,
Balkan Gagauz Turkish,
Turkmen and
Salar.
Khorasani Turkic was first classified as a separate dialect by Iranian Azerbaijani linguist
Javad Heyat in the book ''Tārikh-e zabān o lahcayā-ye Türki'' (History of the Turkic dialects). According to some linguists, it should be considered intermediate linguistically between
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani may refer to:
* Something of, or related to Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijanis
* Azerbaijani language
See also
* Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
* Azeri (disambiguation)
* Azerbaijani cuisine
* Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan ...
and
Turkmen, although it is sufficiently distinct not to be considered a dialect of either.
However, it is Turkmen that is considered the closest language to Khorasani Turkic, with which it shares the eastern subbranch of Oghuz languages.
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
The open back vowel is rounded when followed by or : muxabbat ''love'' , insan ''human'' , but yoldaşlık ''friendship'' . It can also be rounded by a following long . This may not happen for all speakers, and plurals never have any rounding.
Morphology
Nouns
Pluralization
Pluralization is marked on nouns with the suffix , which has the two forms and , depending on
vowel harmony
In phonology, vowel harmony is an assimilatory process in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – have to be members of the same natural class (thus "in harmony"). Vowel harmony is typically long distance, me ...
. Plural is never rounded, even when it follows or .
Case
Nouns in Khorasani Turkic take a number of
case
Case or CASE may refer to:
Containers
* Case (goods), a package of related merchandise
* Cartridge case or casing, a firearm cartridge component
* Bookcase, a piece of furniture used to store books
* Briefcase or attaché case, a narrow box to ca ...
endings that change based on vowel harmony and whether they follow a
vowel
A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, in loudness and also in quantity (len ...
or a
consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are and pronounced with the lips; and pronounced with the front of the tongue; and pronounced w ...
:
Possession
Possession is marked with a suffix on the possessed noun.
Pronouns
Khorasani Turkic has six
personal pronouns. Occasionally, personal pronouns take different case endings from regular
noun
A noun () is a word that generally functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.Example nouns for:
* Living creatures (including people, alive, ...
s.
Verbs
Verbs are declined for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The infinitive form of the verb ends in ''-max''.
Examples
;''Excerpt from Tulu (1989) p. 90''
Writing System
Khorasani Turkic is not often written, but it may be with the
Persian alphabet
The Persian alphabet ( fa, الفبای فارسی, Alefbâye Fârsi) is a writing system that is a version of the Arabic script used for the Persian language spoken in Iran (Western Persian) and Afghanistan ( Dari Persian) since the 7th cen ...
in the
Perso-Arabic script
The Persian alphabet ( fa, الفبای فارسی, Alefbâye Fârsi) is a writing system that is a version of the Arabic script used for the Persian language spoken in Iran ( Western Persian) and Afghanistan ( Dari Persian) since the 7th ce ...
.
References
See also
*
Bayat (tribe)
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khorasani Turkic Language
Agglutinative languages
Oghuz languages
Languages of Iran
North Khorasan Province
Turkic languages