Khanty or Khanty-Mansi Ocean was a small ocean located between Baltica and an island arc (the Kipchak Arc) near

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...

, from near the end of the

Precambrian The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pꞒ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon. The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the Cambrian, the first period of the ...

time to the

Silurian The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozo ...

. The ocean is named after two indigenous peoples in Siberia ( Khanty and Mansi). The Khanty Ocean was bordered by a series of oceans: Panthalassa to the north,

Proto-Tethys The Proto-Tethys or Theic Ocean was an ancient ocean that existed from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous (550–330 Ma). History of concept The name "Proto-Tethys" has been used inconsistently for several concepts for a supposed predece ...

to the northeast, and

Paleo-Tethys The Paleo-Tethys or Palaeo-Tethys Ocean was an ocean located along the northern margin of the paleocontinent Gondwana that started to open during the Middle Cambrian, grew throughout the Paleozoic, and finally closed during the Late Triassic; ex ...

to the south and east. The ocean formed when the landmass of

Proto-Laurasia Laurasia () was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around ( Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pa ...

(shortly after the break-up of

Pannotia Pannotia (from Greek: '' pan-'', "all", '' -nótos'', "south"; meaning "all southern land"), also known as the Vendian supercontinent, Greater Gondwana, and the Pan-African supercontinent, was a relatively short-lived Neoproterozoic supercontinent ...

, about 600 mya) rifted and created three separated continents –

Laurentia Laurentia or the North American Craton is a large continental craton that forms the ancient geological core of North America. Many times in its past, Laurentia has been a separate continent, as it is now in the form of North America, although ...

, Baltica, and Siberia. Khanty's sister ocean, the

Iapetus Ocean The Iapetus Ocean (; ) was an ocean that existed in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras of the geologic timescale (between 600 and 400 million years ago). The Iapetus Ocean was situated in the southern hemisphere, between the paleoco ...

also formed, between Laurentia and Baltica. The Khanty Ocean closed when an island arc called the

Sakmarian Arc In the geologic timescale, the Sakmarian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Sakmarian lasted between 293.52 and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Asselian and followed by th ...

collided with Baltica. At the northeastern end of the arc was a new ocean, the Ural Ocean.

References

Historical oceans Proterozoic Cambrian paleogeography Ordovician paleogeography Silurian bodies of water Natural history of Asia Natural history of Europe {{palaeo-geo-stub

See also

References