Kateryna Yushchenko (scientist)
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Kateryna Lohvynivna Yushchenko ( uk, Катерина Логвинівна Ющенко, russian: Екатерина Логвиновна Ющенко, 8 December 1919,
Chyhyryn Chyhyryn ( uk, Чигирин, ) is a city and historic site located in Cherkasy Raion of Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine. From 1648 to 1669 the city was a Hetman residence. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see ...
; died 15 August 2001) was a
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
computer and information research scientist, corresponding member of
USSR Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 ...
(1976), and member of The International Academy of Computer Science. She developed one of the world's first high-level languages with indirect address in programming (
Pointers Pointer may refer to: Places * Pointer, Kentucky * Pointers, New Jersey * Pointers Airport, Wasco County, Oregon, United States * The Pointers, a pair of rocks off Antarctica People with the name * Pointer (surname), a surname (including a l ...
are analogous to this addressing), called the
Address programming language The Address programming language (russian: Адресный язык программирования uk, Адресна мова програмування) is one of the world's first high-level programming languages. It was created in 1955 by ...
. Over the period of her academic career, Yushchenko supervised 45 Ph.D. students. Further professional achievements include Yushchenko being awarded two
USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...
s, The USSR Council of Ministers Prize, The Academician Glushkov Prize, and The
Order of Princess Olga The Order of Princess Olga ( uk, Орден княгині Ольги) is a Ukrainian civil decoration, featuring Olga of Kiev and bestowed to women for "personal merits in state, production, scientific, educational, cultural, charity and other ...
. Yushchenko was the first woman in the USSR to become a Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences in programming.


Biography

Kateryna Lohvynivna Yushchenko (née Rvacheva) was born in 1919 in Chyhyryn, central Ukraine. She started her undergraduate studies in
Kyiv University Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ( uk, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU ...
in 1937, and during the Second World War she attended the Central Asian State University in Tashkent, graduating in 1942. After the war she returned to Ukraine and in 1950, under the direction of Boris Gnedenko, she obtained a Ph.D. from the Institute of Mathematics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. For a period of seven years, Yushchenko held the position of Senior Researcher of the Kiev Institute of Mathematics of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences (1950–57). In 1954, the Levedev Laboratory (where the first computer in continental Europe
MESM MESM (Ukrainian: MEOM, Мала Електронна Обчислювальна Машина; Russian: МЭСМ, Малая Электронно-Счетная Машина; 'Small Electronic Calculating Machine') was the first universally program ...
was created) was transferred to the Institute of Mathematics. Yushchenko was a member of the joint group of scholars operating the
MESM MESM (Ukrainian: MEOM, Мала Електронна Обчислювальна Машина; Russian: МЭСМ, Малая Электронно-Счетная Машина; 'Small Electronic Calculating Machine') was the first universally program ...
. In 1957 she became Director of the Institute of Computer Science of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. During her forty years service to the institute, Yushchenko created an internationally notable scientific school of theoretical programming.


Scientific contributions

Yushchenko is best known for her creation of
Address programming language The Address programming language (russian: Адресный язык программирования uk, Адресна мова програмування) is one of the world's first high-level programming languages. It was created in 1955 by ...
, the first fundamental advancement in the scientific school of theoretical programming. This language provided the free location of a program in computer memory. In the process of working with
MESM MESM (Ukrainian: MEOM, Мала Електронна Обчислювальна Машина; Russian: МЭСМ, Малая Электронно-Счетная Машина; 'Small Electronic Calculating Machine') was the first universally program ...
, it became clear that the more complex tasks were difficult to solve by writing simple machine programs. There was a need to develop a high-level programming language, but there was a problem: the absence of an appropriate translator for better human/computer communication. L.I. Kaluzhnin, a professor at Kyiv University, who taught a course on mathematical logic in the 1950–1970s, made a significant advancement in the understanding of this problem and formalized a scheme of interfacing with the program. Following this development, in 1955, Yushchenko developed a
programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming ...
based on two general principles for the computer work: addressing and software management. Creating a convenient system of concepts for describing the computer architecture and its system instructions, the language thus became the means of manipulation of the second-rank addresses (
Pointers Pointer may refer to: Places * Pointer, Kentucky * Pointers, New Jersey * Pointers Airport, Wasco County, Oregon, United States * The Pointers, a pair of rocks off Antarctica People with the name * Pointer (surname), a surname (including a l ...
) and higher ranks. Address programming language became the first fundamental achievement of the Soviet School of Theoretical Programming. Yushchenko was the founder of the first Soviet School of Theoretical Programming. During the 1970s–1980s, theoretical programming became a subject of research of its own. One of the major achievements of the School at that time was the creation of algebraic grammar methods for software synthesis. In the 1990s, the efforts of the School of Theoretical Programming were concentrated on the study of algebraic grammar-methods of knowledge representation model of computation, and friendly user interface for designing and developing
database In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases sp ...
s and knowledge bases for
decision support system A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and h ...
s,
expert system In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if ...
s and methods of learning for them. After forty years of research, theoretical programming enriched with its own formal-algorithmic apparatus and the subject of research, significantly expanded from procedural languages to methods of knowledge representation that form
artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech re ...
tools for developers of application systems.


Work

Yushchenko worked on probability theory, algorithmic languages and
programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming ...
s, and developing methods of automated data processing systems. To prepare programmers, Yushchenko wrote an educational series of textbooks in the 1970s. Yushchenko held five Copyright Certificates, which developed eight State Standards of Ukraine. She is an author of over 200 manuscripts, including 23 monographs and train aids. Part of these works have two to-three editions, and have been translated to more than 5 languages internationally, including German, Czech, Hungarian, French, and Danish.


Books

* Glushkov V.M., & Yushchenko E.L., D 1966, The Kiev Computer; a Mathematical Description, USA, Ohio, Translation Division, Foreign Technology Div., Wright-Pattenon AFB, 234p., ASIN: B0007G3QGC. * Gnedenko B.V., Koroliouk V. S. & Iouchtchenko E.L., D 1969, Eléments de programmation sur ordinateurs, Paris, Dunod, 362p., ASIN:‎ B0014UQTU0, viewed 24 October 2021, . * Gnedenko B.V., Koroljuk V.S. & Justschenko E.L., D 1964, Elemente der Programmierung, DDR, Leipzig, Verlag: B. G. Teubner, 327 oldal. * Gnedenko B.V., Korolyuk V.S. & Juscsenko E.L. D 1964, Bevezetѐs a progamozásba, – I, II. – Magyarország, Budapest, Uj technica. * Вычислительная машина «Киев»: математическое описание / В. М. Глушков, Е. Л. Ющенко. — К. : Техн. лит., 1962. — 183 с. * Кулинкович А.Е., Ющенко Е.Л., О базовом алгоритмическом языке. / Кулинкович А.Е., Ющенко Е.Л., в журн.: «Кибернетика», К. : No. 2, 1965. C.3-9, – URL: https://files.infoua.net/yushchenko/O-bazovom-algoritmicheskov-yazyke_AKulinkovich_EYushchenko_1965.pdf * Ющенко Е. Л. Адресное программирование / Е. Л. Ющенко. — К. : Техн. лит., 1963. — 286 с. https://files.infoua.net/yushchenko/Adresnoe-programmirovanie_EYushchenko_1963.pdf * Ющенко Е. Л. Программирующая программа с входным адресным языком для машины Урал −1 / Е. Л. Ющенко, Т. А. Гринченко. — К. : Наук. думка, 1964. — 107 с. * Ющенко Е.Л., Адресный язык (Тема 5) // Кибернетика на транспорте: Заочный семинар. / Киевский дом Научно-технической пропаганды / – К. : – 1962. – 32 с., – URL: Kibernetika-na-transporte_Adresnyy-yazyk_KYushchenko_1962.pdf (infoua.net) * Управляющая машина широкого назначения «Дніпро» и программирующая программа в ней / Е. Л. Ющенко, Б. Н. Малиновский, Г. А. Полищук, Э. К. Ядренко, А. И. Никитин. — К. : Наук. думка, 1964. — 280 с.


References


Notes


Sources

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External links


Пам'яті К. Л. Ющенко
nbsp;// Вісник Національної Академії Наук України, 2001. — N 9. — С. 72
Советская школа: адресный язык программирования


* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100311093015/http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/museum/theoretical_r.html История развития информационных технологий на Украине. Екатерина Логвиновна Ющенко — основоположник теоретического программирования на Украине]
История развития информационных технологий на Украине. Дочь «врага народа» (Жизнь Ющенко Е. Л.)


* ttp://5ka.su/ref/programming/2_object2123.html Реферат. Роль женщин в развитии вычислительной техники.
Ющенко Ю. О. Деревоподібні формати Адресного програмування / Ющенко Ю. О. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. – 2021. – Т. 4 : Комп’ютерні науки. К. : – 2021. – С.78-87.

Ющенко Ю.О. Розробка архітектури комп’ютера "Київ" за концепцією адресного методу програмування / Ю.О. Ющенко // Проблеми програмування. — 2021. — № 4. — С. 103-118. — Бібліогр.: 46 назв. — укр.

Ющенко Ю.О., Катерина Логвинівна Ющенко – винахідниця Pointers та авторка однієї з перших в світі мов програмування високого рівня // Газета «Світ», № 5-6, 10.02.2021 р., Видав-во НАНУ та МОНУ. К. : – 2021. – С.2-3.

Ющенко Ю.О., Окремі аспекти декларативності «мінус штрих-операції» // Наукові записки НаУКМА. – Т. 3 : Комп'ютерні науки. – К. : – 2020. – С.19–26.

Створила одну з перших у світі високорівневих мов програмування. Історія української науковиці Катерини Ющенко. / інтерв’ю з Ющенко Ю.О. журналістки Елеонори Бурдіної // Веб-портал dou.ua. К. : – 07.02.2022/.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yushchenko, Kateryna Lohvynivna 1919 births 2001 deaths Ukrainian women computer scientists Programming language designers Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Recipients of the Order of Princess Olga Soviet computer scientists 20th-century Ukrainian women scientists National University of Uzbekistan alumni Ukrainian computer programmers Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology Soviet women scientists