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Karl Gustav Jung (7 September 1795 in
Mannheim Mannheim (; Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (german: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's ...
– 12 June 1864 in
Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (B ...
) was a German-Swiss medical doctor, political activist, professor of Medicine at the
University of Basel The University of Basel (Latin: ''Universitas Basiliensis'', German: ''Universität Basel'') is a university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest surviving universiti ...
, administrator and
freemason Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
.


Life

Karl Gustav Jung was the son of a prosperous medical practitioner from
Mainz Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-west, with Ma ...
, involved in the campaign against
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
, Franz Ignaz and his wife Sophie Maria Josepha née Ziegler. By the time Jung was born, his family had moved to Mannheim where his father managed a field hospital. Following medical studies, he gained his Science and MD doctorate '' Suma cum laude'' at Ruprecht-Karls-Universitaet Heidelberg in 1816, with a dissertation, entitled, ''De evolutione corporis humani''. In 1815, inspired by liberal and nationalistic ideas, he had converted from his family's Catholicism to Protestantism and had joined the ancient Heidelberg
Burschenschaft A Burschenschaft (; sometimes abbreviated in the German ''Burschenschaft'' jargon; plural: ) is one of the traditional (student associations) of Germany, Austria, and Chile (the latter due to German cultural influence). Burschenschaften were fo ...
student fraternity, ''Teutonia''. In 1817 he participated in the great student gathering at
Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...
and then travelled to the original Wartburgfest of 1817 to mark the tercentenary of the
Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
. At this time he began writing, publishing his work mostly anonymously. As a brilliant young practitioner, he subsequently specialised further in surgery and in
ophthalmology Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a me ...
as an assistant under
Johann Nepomuk Rust Johann Nepomuk Rust (5 April 1775 – 9 October 1840) was an Austrian surgeon and military physician born at Jánský Vrch, Javorník, Austrian Silesia (today in the Czech Republic). Biography He studied medicine in Prague, earning his degree ...
at the
Charité The Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité – Berlin University of Medicine) is one of Europe's largest university hospitals, affiliated with Humboldt University and Free University Berlin. With numerous Collaborative Research C ...
in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...
, where he was helped by the publisher,
Georg Reimer Georg Friedrich Reimer (17 May 1828, Leipzig – 17 September 1866, Berlin) was a German genre painter from the Düsseldorf School. Life Reimer was the only son of the bookseller Karl August Reimer (1801–1858) from his first marriage to Aug ...
and befriended by
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister ...
who later wrote letters recommending him for a professorship in Basel. In 1819 after
Karl Ludwig Sand Karl Ludwig Sand (Wunsiedel, Upper Franconia (then in Prussia), 5 October 1795 – Mannheim, 20 May 1820) was a German university student and member of a liberal Burschenschaft (student association). He was executed in 1820 for the murder of the ...
, a friend of Jung's, killed the poet August Kotzebue, all student fraternities were banned and teaching staff with liberal sympathies, arrested. Jung was found to be in possession of an "offensive weapon", a geological hammer, given to him by Sand. He was convicted to thirteen months of detention in the Hansvogtai prison. Upon his release he became unemployable anywhere in the
German Confederation The German Confederation (german: Deutscher Bund, ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, w ...
due to his perceived political views. He resolved to look for research openings in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
in 1821 and in 1822 he settled in Basel. He was promoted there to assistant professorships in surgery,
anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having i ...
and
midwifery Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. In many ...
. In 1824 he founded the Anatomy Museum in Basel to house the University's collection. In the same year he was granted Swiss citizenship and awarded the
Freedom of the City The Freedom of the City (or Borough in some parts of the UK) is an honour bestowed by a municipality upon a valued member of the community, or upon a visiting celebrity or dignitary. Arising from the medieval practice of granting respected ...
. In 1828 Jung was installed as ''Rector'' of the University and set about making sweeping reforms and creating charitable foundations. From 1855 to 1864 he was the first full professor of Internal medicine at the
University of Basel The University of Basel (Latin: ''Universitas Basiliensis'', German: ''Universität Basel'') is a university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest surviving universiti ...
. Between 1850 and 1856 he was Master of the
Grand Lodge A Grand Lodge (or Grand Orient or other similar title) is the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country. In Freemasonry A Grand Lodge or Grand Orient is the us ...
''Alpina''. In 1876 the Swiss sculptor Ferdinand Schlöth made a bust of Karl Gustav Jung for the assembly hall of the ''Museum an der Augustinergasse''. In 2008 the bust was re-installed, along with those of other professors, in the
Basel Sculpture Hall The Skulpturhalle Basel is a museum in Basel, Switzerland, featuring cast replicas of antique sculpture. With around 2,000 casts it is the largest collection of its kind in the country, having tripled in size between 1985 and 2010. Since 1961 th ...
. Karl Gustav Jung married three times and was the father of noted architect, Ernst Georg Jung, and the grandfather of
Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philo ...
, psychiatrist and author.


Goethe myth

Jung's grandson, Carl, entertained a phantasy that he might be descended from the German romantic writer, through his great grandmother, Sophie Ziegler, Karl Jung's mother. This would have needed Karl Jung to have been fathered by
Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as tr ...
and not Franz Ignaz Jung. Although there were arguably affinities between the younger Jung and Goethe, there is no evidence for Karl's illegitimate paternity at all.


Works

* ''Können in Basel die nöthigsten Hülfsanstalten zur Förderung medizinischer Studien gegründet werden?'' 1823 * ''Über das Verhältniss der Anatomie zu der medicinischen Wissenschaft und über die Leistungen der Anatomen an der Baseler Hochschule'': Rectoratsrede gehalten den 26. September, 1828 * ''Die Revolution: Originaldrama in drei Akten von Demius'', 1831 * ''Über die seitliche Erhabenheit in dem Lateral-Ventrikel des menschlichen Gehirnes'', 1843 * ''Über das Gewölbe in dem menschlichen Gehirne'', 1845


Bibliography

* Dvorak, Helge. ''Biographisches Lexikon der Deutschen Burschenschaft.'' Volume I: ''Politiker.'' Volume 3: ''I–L.'' Winter, Heidelberg 1999. , pp. 36–37. (in German)


Weblinks

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jung, Karl Gustav 1795 births 1864 deaths Scientists from Basel-Stadt 19th-century Swiss physicians Swiss surgeons 19th-century Swiss writers Physicians from Mannheim Heidelberg University alumni University of Basel faculty