Kampen () is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

and

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...

in the

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

of Overijssel,

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. A member of the former

Hanseatic League The Hanseatic League (; gml, Hanse, , ; german: label= Modern German, Deutsche Hanse) was a medieval commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German to ...

, it is located at the lower reaches of the river IJssel. The municipality of Kampen had a population of in and covers an area of . Kampen is located in the North West of Overijssel and is the largest city in this region. The city of Kampen itself has around 37,000 inhabitants. Kampen has one of the best preserved old town centres of the

, including remains of the ancient city wall (of which three gates are still standing) and numerous churches. Also notable are the three

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually someth ...

s over the IJssel which connect Kampen with

IJsselmuiden IJsselmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Kampen, northeast of that city across the river IJssel. IJsselmuiden was a separate municipality until 2001, when it became a part of Kampen. IJsselm ...

and Kampereiland, the agricultural area between the branches which form the IJssel delta, and a windmill (''d' Olde Zwarver – ''the Old Vagabond). Since November 2018, the town and some communes are on a river island. Between the 14th and 16th century it was the biggest town in the Northern Netherlands (modern day European Netherlands). The town is about 90km northeast of

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...

. Traditionally people in Kampen speak a variation of the

Sallands Sallaans ( nl, Sallands; Low Saxon: ''Sallaands'') is a collective term for the Westphalian dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands. In the Ko ...

dialect, known as Kampers.

History

Middle Ages

By 1150, there were already wooden buildings on the site where Kampen is currently located. The name Kampen, however, is not mentioned until 1277. The city has had city rights since 1236. As a result of its convenient location on the busy trade route between the

Zuiderzee The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (; old spelling ''Zuyderzee'' or ''Zuyder Zee'') was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an ov ...

and the

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...

, Kampen quickly developed from simple settlements into a prosperous trading town, to become one of the most powerful and leading cities of northwestern Europe. In the 14th century, Kampen exchanged with the

bishop of Utrecht List of bishops and archbishops of the diocese and archdioceses of Utrecht. Medieval diocese from 695 to 1580 Founders of the Utrecht diocese * * * * * Bishops * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ...

, Jan van Arkel, the

Mastenbroek Mastenbroek is a polder in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It lies north of the city of Zwolle. "Mastenbroek" is also the name of an hamlet, built around a church in the middle of the polder. The polder is part of three municipalities: the wes ...

polder against the right to increase the IJsseldelta. The silting up of the IJssel brought a gradual end to the prosperity of Kampen from 1430 on. For a long time Kampen did not want to sign a union and make economic and political concessions to other cities, as was usual in the

. When the County of Holland went to war with the Hanseatic League this situation came to an end: the city was forced to choose a side in the war. Kampen was originally more oriented toward the Baltic trade and commerce with the hinterland of the Rhine, and therefore in 1441 formally joined the Hanseatic League. The city had much influence in the League; despite loud protests from the other towns in lower reaches of the IJssel and from other Hanseatic cities, the League agreed in 1448 to build a bridge over the river.''Kampen in fragmenten'', drs. René van Mierlo, 1990, Kok. This project was accomplished in just five months. With this bridge Kampen hoped to be able to develop closer relationships with the hinterland.

Post-Medieval

Hendrick Avercamp - Winterlandschap met schaatsers bij de stad Kampen

On 11 August 1572 Kampen was conquered from the Spaniards by Willem van den Bergh, a brother of William of Orange. After the massacre of Zutphen on 15 November, the city voluntarily surrendered to the Spanish. In 1578, the city changed ownership again after the

Siege A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characteriz ...

of Kampen, led by

George van Lalaing George de Lalaing count Rennenberg (c. 1550 – 23 July 1581), was stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel in the service of Philip II of Spain from 1577 to 1581. The Lalaing family came from Hainaut and had a tradition of gov ...

. Due to its right to increase the IJsseldelta, Kampen was owner of the growing Kampereiland. From 1500 the islands were leased. The rents were so large that the city did not need to raise taxes. In October 1670, Kampen was the first of four Dutch cities to raise capital by issuing a Tontine. The Franco-Dutch War, fought by the Republic of the United Netherlands against the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France ( fro, Reaume de France; frm, Royaulme de France; french: link=yes, Royaume de France) is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period. ...

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...

, the Bishopric of Münster, the

Archbishopric of Cologne The Archdiocese of Cologne ( la, Archidioecesis Coloniensis; german: Erzbistum Köln) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. History The Electorate of Colo ...

and the

Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England (, ) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 12 July 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. On ...

, marked a definitive end to the enormous power of the city. Kampen only became well known again in the 19th century. The city was difficult to reach from the sea, because the surrounding wetlands became silted up and shallow. During the preceding centuries, the watercourse of the river IJssel was dredged several times, but the costs were relatively high and within a few years, the river silted up again. As the IJssel had several delta-like mouths here, the main route of the river shifted several times. In the 19th century, a new strategy was put in place to counter this problem: some watercourses were dammed to allow for more water at a higher speed through one or two main routes. This had the advantage that less sand and silt were deposited and resulted in a river course that "swept itself clean". A key figure in this story is city architect , who, besides his work for the current IJssel front of the city of Kampen, was also involved in hydraulic engineering. Due to the emerging industry in the 19th century and the importance of roads and railways for the economy, highways and paved roads were constructed to replace transportation over sand and mud roads.

Geography

Kampen is part of the province of Overijssel ('Over-IJssel' i.e. (mostly) trans-/across the river IJssel, as seen from the perspective of the bishopric of Utrecht by which it was held until 1528) in the Eastern part of The

, situated between the provinces of

Gelderland Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by ...

, Flevoland, Drenthe and

Friesland Friesland (, ; official fry, Fryslân ), historically and traditionally known as Frisia, is a province of the Netherlands located in the country's northern part. It is situated west of Groningen, northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel, north of ...

. The city of Kampen is situated at the mouth of the river IJssel. Opposite Kampen, along the IJssel, lies

, which is the second largest residential nucleus of the municipality Kampen. The municipality of Kampen has five other population centers: Grafhorst, 's-Heerenbroek,

Kamperveen Kamperveen is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Kampen, about 5 km south of the city. Kamperveen was a separate municipality until 1937, when it became a part of IJsselmuiden. History It ...

, Wilsum and Zalk.

Culture

Historical buildings and other landmarks

Kampen has a large number of old to very old buildings, including remains of the ancient city wall (whose city gates are still standing) and the Church of St Nicholas (

Bovenkerk Bovenkerk may refer to: * Bovenkerk, Amstelveen, a village in Amstelveen, North Holland * Bovenkerk, Krimpenerwaard, village in Krimpenerwaard, South Holland * Bovenkerk, Kampen, a large, Gothic church in Kampen, Overijssel {{disambig ...

). The structure of the walled fortress city is still visible in the streets. Significant structures include: * The '' Koornmarktpoort'': a city gate located near the river IJssel which probably dates from the 14th century. In the 15th century two squat towers were added at the outer corners. * The ''Broederpoort'': a rectangular city gate with four slender towers, originally from 1465, rebuilt in Renaissance style in 1615 * The ''Cellebroederspoort'': a rectangular city gate, flanked by two heavy round towers, originally from 1465, rebuilt in 1617 in Renaissance style * The Stedelijk Museum Kampen: located in the former town hall of Kampen, which dates from the late 14th century * The ''Gotisch huis'': built around 1500. This was the location of the Stedelijk Museum Kampen before it moved to its current location in the old town hall. * The '' Nieuwe Toren'': a tower with a carillon designed by Philips Vingboons and dating from 1648 to 1664 * The Church of St. Nicholas (''

''): a great Gothic basilica dating from the 14th and 15th centuries. The interior of the church houses an early-Renaissance choir screen (1552), a stone pulpit (circa 1500) and a monumental organ from 1670 to 1676. * The ''Broederkerk'': a 14th-century church which originally belonged to a Franciscan monastery * The ''Buitenkerk'': a 14th-century church * The ''Burgwalkerk'': a neoclassical 19th-century church * A windmill called ''d'Olde Zwarver'', built in 1842 * A monastery gate dating from 1165 called ''Linnenweverspoortje'' * The city auditorium (''Stadsgehoorzaal''), dating from 1891 * An old tobacco factory, ''De Olifant'', where cigars are still made with 19th-century equipment. ''De Olifant'' cigars are sold in the shop and guided tours are available. Throughout the town of Kampen, there are colorful murals which are in fact old commercials for now-defunct business in Kampen. These murals, which include Art Nouveau influences, were made by local artists and are now referred to as "frescoes of the middle class". As a result of current municipal policy, wherever these murals are discovered under old plaster, they are restored to their former glory. A number of better or lesser known people with a certain connection with Kampen is honoured with a commemorative stone bearing their name and a single-sentence characterization of their personality or achievements, incorporated into the pavement of the ''Oude Raadhuisplein'' (formerly ''Koeplein''), the square in between the old town hall, the former Post Office and ''Nieuwe Toren''.

Gallery

File:Cellebroederspoort Kampen.jpg, Cellebroederspoort in Kampen File:De voorgevel en linker zijgevel van de voormalige synagoge te Kampen - Kampen - 20350358 - RCE.jpg, Former synagogue in Kampen File:Kampen stadhuis.jpg, Former town hall File:Kampen, De Nieuwe Toren RM23186 poging2 foto9 2016-02-17 12.37.jpg, New Tower (''Nieuwe Toren'') File:Bovenkerk Kampen toren.jpg, Church: Bovenkerk File:Kampen, de Kalverhekkenbrug en de Buitenkerk foto2 2016-02-17 13.13.jpg, Bridge (Kalverhekkenbrug) and church (Buitenkerk) File:Kampen, de Lutherse kerk RM23024 foto5 2016-02-17 13.04.jpg, Reformed church File:2007-04-23 14.14 Kampen, theologische universiteit.JPG, File:20080520 d' Olde Zwarver Kampen NL.jpg, Windmill: d' Olde Zwarver File:Kampenkmpoortklein.jpg, Towngate: Korenmarktpoort File:Kampen, de Stadsbrug foto10 2016-02-17 10.35.jpg, Bridge: Stadsbrug File:Kampen, schip langs de IJsselkade foto5 2016-02-17 10.50.jpg, Ship at the IJsselkade File:Kampen, kantoorgebouw ABN Amrobank aan de IJsselkade foto7 2016-02-17 10.57.jpg, Office building of the

ABN AMRO ABN or abn may refer to: Companies * ABN AMRO Group, a Dutch bank group * ABN AMRO, sometimes referred to as "ABN" in shorthand, is a Dutch state-owned bank * Algemene Bank Nederland, a now-defunct Dutch bank Radio, news and television organizati ...

bank at the IJsselkade File:Kampen, het Bevrijdingsmonument aan de De La Sablonairekade foto8 2016-05-17 11.29.jpg, Liberation memorial at the De La Sablonairekade File:Onderdijksewaard7.jpg, The new Anabranch called File:Rietmoerassen bij Polder Dronthen, Kampen II.jpg, The westside of the island of Kampen, with marches going into the Drontermeer

Festivals and events

An annual festival during the summer months is the ' day. The name is derived from a series of folk tales in which the inhabitants of Kampen were portrayed as stupid. Another summer event is the Full Color Festival, which is organized annually. Every third Saturday of August, a comics event, called the ''Kamper Stripspektakel'', is organized with over 100 booths. Once every three years ''Sail Kampen'' takes place, a sailing spectacle with (old) sailing ships. A weekend before Christmas ''Christmas in Oud Kampen'' is organized. There is street theater, where pieces of famous musicals are played, and mid-nineteenth-century characters are walking around the city.

Sports

Kampen is the home of football team Go Ahead Kampen and its rivals Dos Kampen, KHC Kampen, VV Kampen and IJVV.

Twin towns

Kampen is twinned with:

Transportation

The Kampen railway station opened in 1865 as terminus of the Kamperlijntje branch from Overijssel's capital city Zwolle. It is served by a non-stop diesel service on a single track. The line was renovation in summer 2017 to be electrified. From December 2017, Keolis Nederland takes over the line, after

Nederlandse Spoorwegen Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS; ; en, "Dutch Railways") is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938. The Dutch rail network is one of the busiest in the European Union, and t ...

had lost the line in a tendering process. There is an alternative railway connection with Zwolle via the Hanzelijn, which links Zwolle with

via Dronten, Lelystad and

Almere Almere () is a planned city and municipality in the province of Flevoland, Netherlands, located about 20 km to the east of Amsterdam (as the crow flies) across the IJmeer. Bordering Lelystad and Zeewolde, the municipality of Almere compr ...

. It was inaugurated by Queen Beatrix in December 2012. Kampen Zuid railway station was built a few kilometers south of Kampen near the junction of the national roads N50 and N764, where a new residential development is planned. Somewhat confusingly there has been a Kampen Zuid railway station in existence before, between 1 October 1913 and 15 May 1934. This was the terminus of the Kampen–Hattem railway line, which connected with the Zwolle–Apeldoorn service via Wapenveld and Heerde. Regular passenger services on this line ceased in 1950. Other roads connecting the city include N760, N763, N765 and N307.

Education

Kampen has two theological universities: the Theological University of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PThU) and the theological college of the Reformed Church of the Netherlands (TUK).

Notable residents

Jacob Eduard van Heemskerck van Beest (1828-1894)

The Arts

Hendrick Avercamp Hendrick Avercamp (January 27, 1585 (bapt.) – May 15, 1634 (buried)) was a Dutch painter during the Dutch Golden Age of painting. He was one of the earliest landscape painters of the 17th-century Dutch school, he specialized in painting th ...

(1585 – 1634 in Kampen) a painter of small winter landscapes * Barent Avercamp (1612 in Kampen – 1679) a Dutch painter * Jacob Eduard van Heemskerck van Beest (1828 in Kampen – 1894) a Dutch painter *

Coen Hissink Johan Coenraad "Coen" Hissink (5 October 1878 – 17 February 1942) was a Dutch film actor of the silent era. He appeared in 25 films between 1914 and 1942. He also wrote short stories and books about controversial topics such as homosexual ...

(1878 in Kampen – 1942) a Dutch film actor of the silent era *

Ida Gerhardt Ida Gerhardt (11 May 1905, Gorinchem Gorinchem ( or ), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of of which is water. It had a population o ...

(1905 in Gorinchem – 1997) Dutch poet and classicist. * Gerard Hengeveld (1910 in Kampen – 2001) pianist, harpsichordist and composer. * Sybren Polet (1924 in Kampen – 2015) a Dutch prose writer and poet * Gait L. Berk, Dutch Wiki (1927 in Kampen – 2006) writer and film maker about boats and trees * Henk van Ulsen (born 1927 in Kampen – 2009 ) actor * Klaas Jan Mulder, Dutch Wiki (1930 in Kampen - 2008) Dutch organist, pianist and conductor. * Wim Ramaker, Dutch Wiki (1943 in Kampen – 1992) Dutch broadcaster, writer and poet * Harry van der Kamp (born 1947 in Kampen) bass-baritone, bass-soloist and ensemble singer

Public thinking & Public Service

* Albert Pighius (ca. 1490 in Kampen - 1542) a Dutch Roman Catholic theologian, mathematician and astronomer. * Jacob van Deventer (ca.1500/1505 in Kampen – 1575) a Dutch cartographer * Andries Hudde (1608 in Kampen – 1663) landowner and colonial official of

New Netherland New Netherland ( nl, Nieuw Nederland; la, Novum Belgium or ) was a 17th-century colonial province of the Dutch Republic that was located on the east coast of what is now the United States. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva ...

* François Adriaan van der Kemp (1752 in Kampen – 1829) a Dutch radical leaders of the Patriots *

Jan Willem de Winter Jan Willem de Winter (French: Jean Guillaume de Winter, 23 March 1761 – 2 June 1812) was a Dutch admiral during the Napoleonic Wars. Biography Early life De Winter was born in Kampen and entered naval service at a young age. He distin ...

(1761 in Kampen – 1812) a Dutch admiral of the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fre ...

Pieter Hendrik van Zuylen van Nijevelt Pieter Hendrik van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1 July 1782 in Kampen – 25 January 1825 in Utrecht) was a Dutch count and baron who served as a general in the French and Dutch armies during the Napoleonic era and later. He was present at the Battle ...

(1782 in Kampen – 1825) a Dutch count and baron and Army general * Francina Broese Gunningh (1783 in Kampen - 1824) a Dutch soldier *

Jean-Pierre Cluysenaar Jean-Pierre Cluysenaar (1811–1880) was a Belgian architect. He is the father of the Cluysenaar family. Family He was born in Kampen in the Netherlands as a son of Joannes Kluysenaar and Garidenia Kluysenaar, a Dutch family of arch ...

(1811 in Kampen – 1880) a Belgian architect *

Hendrik Tonneboeijer Hendrikus Jacobus Tonneboeijer (born 18 August 1814 – 28 October 1837) was a Dutch colonial officer, who made a career in the administration on the Dutch Gold Coast. He was Acting Commander of the Dutch Gold Coast in 1836 and 1837. Biogra ...

(1814 in Kampen – 1837) a Dutch colonial officer in Dutch Gold Coast * Lucien von Römer (1873 in Kampen - 1965), a Dutch physician, botanist and writer * Jan Joseph Godfried, Baron van Voorst tot Voorst Jr. (1880 in Kampen – 1963) commander of the Dutch armed forces during WWII and strategist * Haicke Janssen (1885 in Kampen – 1915) a sailor and

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

spy for the German naval intelligence; executed in the

Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is sep ...

* Klaas Schilder (1890 in Kampen – 1952) Reformed theologian and professor in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands * Adriaan Schuurman, Dutch Wiki (1904 in Kampen – 1998) organist and Protestant church musician * Wiert Berghuis, Dutch Wiki (1911 in Kampen - 1989) Mayor of Kampen 1952–1970, chairman of the Anti-Revolutionary Party * Dr.

Willem Johan Kolff Willem Johan "Pim" Kolff (February 14, 1911 – February 11, 2009) was a pioneer of hemodialysis, artificial heart, as well as in the entire field of artificial organs. Willem was a member of the Kolff family, an old Dutch patrician fa ...

(1911 in

Leiden Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration w ...

– 2009) physician at the former municipal hospital, pioneer of haemodialysis. * G. A. den Hartogh (born 1943 in Kampen) a Dutch moral, legal and political philosopher

Sport

* Benjamin Leussen (1876 in Kampen - 1924) chess player * Petra van Staveren (born 1966 in Kampen), swimmer, golden medallist at the

1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and also known as Los Angeles 1984) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It marked the sec ...

Jaap Stam Jakob Stam (; born 17 July 1972) is a Dutch professional football coach and former player. As a player, he played as a centre-back and is regarded as one of the best defenders of his generation. Stam played for several European clubs including ...

(born 1972 in Kampen), retired football player with 415 club caps * Reinder Nummerdor (born 1976) a Dutch volleyball player, competed in five consecutive Summer Olympics *

Robert de Wilde Robert de Wilde (born April 30, 1977, in Kampen) is a Dutch professional "Mid/Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1990 to 2003. His nicknames are "The Flying Dutchman" in reference to his speed a ...

(born 1977 in Kampen), BMX World Champion, competed at the

2008 Summer Olympics The 2008 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad () and also known as Beijing 2008 (), were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China. A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 Nat ...

;and * Aalt Mondria (born 1957 in Kampen - 2011) a Dutch criminal and serial killer

References

External links

*
Official website

A view on the old city of Kampen
{{Authority control Cities in the Netherlands Members of the Hanseatic League Municipalities of Overijssel Populated places in Overijssel Kop van Overijssel Salland