Kalyazin (russian: Каля́зин) is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an o ...
and the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Kalyazinsky District
Kalyazinsky District (russian: Каля́зинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Uglich ...
in
Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. It was named after Mi ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
, located on the right bank of the
Volga River
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catch ...
, northeast of
Tver
Tver ( rus, Тверь, p=tvʲerʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is northwest of Moscow. Population:
Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russi ...
, the administrative center of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
. Population:
History
A ''
sloboda
A sloboda ( rus, слобода́, p=sləbɐˈda) was a kind of settlement in the history of the Old Russian regions Povolzhye, Central Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for "freedom" and may be loosel ...
'' (a settlement for people relieved from paying taxes) appeared on the site of modern Kalyazin in the 12th century.
Its importance grew significantly with the foundation of the
Makaryevsky Monastery on the opposite bank of the Volga in the 15th century.
This abbey used to be the most conspicuous landmark of Kalyazin and comprised numerous buildings of historic interest, including a
refectory from 1525. The name of the town originates from certain Kolyaga, a land proprietor in the 15th century.
In the 18th century, the area was included into
Moscow Governorate
Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, whic ...
. In 1775, Kalyazin was granted town rights
and
Kalyazinsky Uyezd Kalyazinsky Uyezd (''Калязинский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kalyazin.
Demographics
At the t ...
was established. It was a part of newly established
Tver Viceroyalty. In 1796, the Viceroyalty was abolished and transformed into
Tver Governorate
Tver Governorate (russian: Тверская губерния, ''Tverskaya guberniya'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Tver. The governo ...
. Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished, but in 1803, it was re-established.
On May 30, 1922, Kalyazinsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into
Kashinsky Uyezd Kashinsky Uyezd (''Кашинский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kashin.
Demographics
At the tim ...
.
On October 3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd itself was abolished and split between
Bezhetsky and
Kimrsky Uyezds.
On August 12, 1929, Tver Governorate was abolished, with its territory transferred to
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally " under Moscow"), is a federal subject of R ...
.
Uyezds were abolished as well, and Kalyazinsky District, with the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
in Kalyazin, was established within
Kimry Okrug of
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally " under Moscow"), is a federal subject of R ...
.
On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.
[Snytko et al., p. 87] On January 29, 1935,
Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kalyazinsky District was transferred to it.
In 1940, the monastery and most of the old town were submerged under water during the construction of the
Uglich Hydroelectric Station, which created the
Uglich Reservoir
Uglich Reservoir or Uglichskoye Reservoir (russian: У́гличское водохрани́лище) is an artificial lake in the upper part of the Volga River formed by the Uglich Hydroelectric Station dam.
It was built in 1939 in the town ...
. After that, the town was effectively relocated to a new, higher spot.
On February 13, 1963, during the abortive
Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev st ...
's administrative reform, Kalyazinsky District was merged into Kimrsky District, but on March 4, 1964 it was re-established.
In July 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.
[Decree of July 17, 1990]
On November 19, 2001, a chartered IRS Aero
Ilyushin Il-18
The Ilyushin Il-18 (russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known and most durable Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the world ...
airplane crashed in Kalyazin, killing all twenty-seven on board.
[1tv.r]
27 человек погибло в результате катастрофы самолета ИЛ-18
On August 26, 2010, dozens of Central Asian
guest workers were deported from the town after mass clashes with the locals.
Their construction site jobs were given to locals instead.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Kalyazin serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Kalyazinsky District
Kalyazinsky District (russian: Каля́зинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Uglich ...
.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kalyazinsky District as Kalyazin
Urban Settlement.
[Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #27-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Kalyazinsky Municipal District, lists the town of Kalyazin as a part and the administrative center of Kalyazin Urban Settlement of that district.] As a
municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kalyazinsky Municipal District.
[Law #27-ZO]
Economy
Industry
Two factories in Kalyazin—one producing oil extraction equipment and another one manufacturing some parts of
MiG airplanes—are responsible for 42% of the total industrial production of the district. Chemical, food, leather, and textile industry are present as well.
Transportation
Kalyazin is connected by train to
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
(
Savyolovsky railway station),
Kashin,
Uglich,
Rybinsk
Rybinsk ( rus, Рыбинск, p=ˈrɨbʲɪnsk), the second largest city of Yaroslavl Oblast in Russia, lies at the confluence of the Volga and Sheksna Rivers, 267 kilometers north-north-east of Moscow. Population:
It was previously known as ...
,
Sonkovo
Sonkovo (russian: Сонко́во) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population:
History
Founded by the Russian Greek Orthodox Inkeriköt ( Izhorians) i ...
,
Savyolovo.
Kalyazin is connected by roads with
Sergiyev Posad
Sergiyev Posad ( rus, Се́ргиев Поса́д, p=ˈsʲɛrgʲɪ(j)ɪf pɐˈsat) is a city and the administrative center of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population:
It was previously known as ''Sergiyev Posad'' (un ...
, Uglich, and with
Tver
Tver ( rus, Тверь, p=tvʲerʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is northwest of Moscow. Population:
Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russi ...
and
Kimry via Kashin. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic originating from Kalyazin.
The Volga is navigable; however, there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
Kalyazin contains sixteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally twenty-two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The town landmark is the
Kalyazin Bell Tower, submerged by the Uglich Reservoir and located only partially above the water level. Other federal monuments include the ensemble of administrative buildings and living houses in the center of the town, and the Ascension and the Epiphany Churches.
The Kalyazinsky District Museum is located in Kalyazin.
References
Notes
Sources
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External links
Official website of KalyazinKalyazin Business DirectoryPhotos of Kalyazin
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Tver Oblast
Populated places on the Volga
Kalyazinsky Uyezd
Submerged places
Golden Ring of Russia