The Körös-ér ( Hungarian, also Kőrös-patak''Lajos Hovány'' (1998): A palicsi fürdő és a Böge-csatorna. Grafoprodukt, Subotica – , p. 47 ''Lajos Hovány'' (2002): Vizeink nyomában: különös tekintettel Északkelet-Bácskára. Grafoprodukt, Szabadka – , p. 92 ), Kireš or Kereš ( sr, Киреш, Кереш), is a river in southern

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

and northern

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

, a right tributary to the

Tisa The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa, is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Once, it was called "the most Hungarian river" because it flowed entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza be ...

river. It flows entirely within the

Bačka Bačka ( sr-cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska () is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary ...

border region: in Hungary, as a border river and in Serbia (roughly, as different authors give different data).

Hungary

The Körös-ér springs in the Hungarian part of the

Subotička Peščara Subotička Peščara ( sr-cyr, Суботичка пешчара) or Subotica Sands is an inland dune habitat located in northern Serbia, along the Hungarian border. The area stretches across the far north of the Bačka region, in the municipality ...

, between the towns of

Jánoshalma Jánoshalma () is a town in Bács-Kiskun county in southern Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the n ...

and

Kiskunhalas Kiskunhalas (; german: Hallasch) is a city in the county of Bács-Kiskun, Hungary. Railroad The city is an important railway junction. It crosses the Budapest-Subotica-Belgrade railway line. The Kiskunfélegyháza railway ends in Kiskunhalas. ...

. It flows to the southeast, more as a series of connected bogs and less as a real river, without almost any settlements on its banks. West of the village of

Kelebia Kelebia is a village in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary. The railway crossing into the Serbian province of Vojvodina is located here. Croats in Hungary call this village ''Kelebija''. Živko Ma ...

, the Körös-ér becomes a border river between Hungary and Serbia.

Serbia

The Körös-ér flows on the northern border of

Subotica Subotica ( sr-cyrl, Суботица, ; hu, Szabadka) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, ...

proper, close to its neighboring settlements (most notably, Šupljak) and the Ludoš lake. After the villages of

Male Pijace Male Pijace (in Serbian Cyrillic: Мале Пијаце, in Hungarian: Kispiac) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kanjiža municipality, in the North Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority (9 ...

and

Velebit Velebit (; it, Alpi Bebie) is the largest, though not the highest, mountain range in Croatia. The range forms a part of the Dinaric Alps and is located along the Adriatic coast, separating it from Lika in the interior. Velebit begins in the nor ...

, it turns east north of the village of Senćanski Trešnjevac and empties into the

Adorjan Adorjan ( sr-cyr, Адорјан, hu, Adorján) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the Kanjiža municipality, in the North Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority (74.91%) and a population of 1,128 ...

, at an elevation of . Near the village of Velebit, Kereš flows through the marshy area of Kapetanski Rit. For some time the municipal government of

Kanjiža Kanjiža ( sr-Cyrl, Кањижа, pronounced ) formerly Stara Kanjiža ( sr-cyrl, Стара Кањижа; yi, קניזשא; hu, Magyarkanizsa, formerly ''Kanizsa'') is a town and municipality located in the North Banat District of the autonomous ...

(to which the mouth of the river belongs) protests about the extreme pollution of the Kereš's water, as it represents the single largest polluter of the Tisa river. Local politicians point at the city government of Subotica, which dumps its waste into the river, as the major culprit for such a bad condition of the river. The river is neither channeled nor navigable.

History

The first known source that presents the river, together with its portions drawn on map, dates back to 1694 from count Marsigli, who uses the

Latinism A Latinism (from lat-med, Latinismus) is a word, idiom, or structure in a language other than Latin that is derived from, or suggestive of, the Latin language. The Term ''Latinism'' refers to those loan words that are borrowed into another lang ...

"Kiris".

Wildlife

Körös-ér flows through the northern section of the

Ludaš Lake Ludaš or Ludoš Lake ( Serbian: Ludaško / Ludoško jezero; Hungarian: Ludas or Ludasi-tó) is a shallow lake in the province of Vojvodina in northern Serbia, near the city of Subotica. It is a special natural preserve and, since 1977, desig ...

. The Serbian-German project "Ekolakus" for fishing out the invasive

Prussian carp The Prussian carp, silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp (''Carassius gibelio''), is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish, such as the common carp, goldfish, and the smaller minnows. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and d ...

from the nearby

Lake Palić Lake Palić ( sr, Палићко језеро, Palićko jezero; hu, Palicsi-tó) is a lake from Subotica, near the town of Palić, in Serbia. It covers an area of . The average depth of the lake is . With the surrounding area it forms the protec ...

lasted from 2019 to October 2022. As Prussian carp almost exterminated indigenous fish species in the lake, as they were fished out, the number of local fish species significantly grew, partially thanks to the restocking. By 2022, via Krvavo Lake and canals which connect it to the

, and further into the Körös-ér,

northern pike The northern pike (''Esox lucius'') is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus '' Esox'' (the pikes). They are typical of brackish and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere (''i.e.'' holarctic in distribution). They are known simply as a ...

and

zander The zander (''Sander lucioperca''), sander or pikeperch, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, ruffes and darters. It is found in freshwater and brackish habitats in western Eurasia. It is a popul ...

spread into the river. The protected species of

weatherfish Misgurnus is a genus of true loaches found in Europe and Asia. The origin of the name ''Misgurnus'' comes from the Greek word (to hate) and the Turkish (loud), a name given to them due to their habit of becoming very active during barometric ...

also appeared in Körös-ér.

References

External links