, also pronounced Kyōho, was a after '' Shōtoku'' and before '' Gembun.'' This period spanned the years from July 1716 through April 1736. The reigning emperors were and .

Change of era

* 1716 : The era name of ''Kyōhō'' (meaning "Undergoing and Supporting") was created in response to the death of

Tokugawa Ietsugu Tokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川家継 (August 8, 1709 – June 19, 1716) was the seventh ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1713 until his death in 1716. He was the son of Tokugawa Ienobu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Tsuna ...

. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Shōtoku'' 6, on the 22nd day of the 6th month.

Events of the ''Kyōhō'' era

* 1717 (''Kyōhō 2''): ''Kyōhō'' reforms are directed and overseen by Shōgun Yoshimune. * 1718 (''Kyōhō 3''): The ''

bakufu , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

'' repaired the Imperial mausolea.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869'', p. 320. * 1718 (''Kyōhō 3, 8th month''): The ''bakufu'' established a at the office of the ''

machi-bugyō were ''samurai'' officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan, this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not ''daimyō''.Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–186 ...

'' in

Heian-kyō Heian-kyō was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the official capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180. Emperor Kanmu established it as the capital in 794, mov ...

. * 1720 (''Kyōhō 5, 6th month''): The 26th High Priest of

Nichiren Shōshū is a branch of Nichiren Buddhism based on the traditionalist teachings of the 13th century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282), claiming him as its founder through his senior disciple Nikko Shonin (1246–1333), the founder of He ...

, Nichikan Shōnin, who is considered a great reformer of the sect, inscribed the

Gohonzon is a generic term for a venerated religious object in Japanese Buddhism. It may take the form of a scroll or statuary. The term typically refers to the mainstream use of venerated objects within Nichiren Buddhism, referring to the calligr ...

which the lay Buddhist organisation

SGI SGI may refer to: Companies *Saskatchewan Government Insurance *Scientific Games International, a gambling company *Silicon Graphics, Inc., a former manufacturer of high-performance computing products *Silicon Graphics International, formerly Rac ...

uses to bestow upon its members, after the

priesthood, under the leadership of 67th High Priest Nikken, refused to do so. * 1721 (''Kyōhō 6''): Edo population of 1.1 million is world's largest city. * 1730 (''Kyōhō 15''): The

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

officially recognizes the Dojima Rice Market in Osaka; and bakufu supervisors (''nengyoji'') are appointed to monitor the market and to collect taxes. The transactions relating to rice exchanges developed into securities exchanges, used primarily for transactions in public securities. The development of improved agriculture production caused the price of rice to fall in mid-''Kyohō''. * August 3, 1730 (''Kyōhō 15, 20th day of the 6th month''): A fire broke out in Muromachi and 3,790 houses were burnt. Over 30,000 looms in Nishi-jin were destroyed. The ''bakufu'' distributed rice. * 1732 (''Kyōhō 17''): The ''Kyōhō'' famine was the consequence after swarms of locusts devastated crops in agricultural communities around the inland sea.Hall, John. (1988). ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 456. * 1733 (''Kyōhō 18''): Ginseng grown in Japan begins to be available in the Japanese food markets.Takekoshi, Yosaburō. (1930)
''Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan,'' p. 352
* 1735 (''Kyōhō 20''): Sweet potatoes were introduced into the Japanese diet.

Notes

References

* Adams, Thomas Francis Morton. (1953). ''Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey''. Tokyo: Seihei Okuyama
OCLC 4376900
* Foreign Press Center. (1997). ''Japan: Eyes on the Country, Views of the 47 Prefectures''. Tokyo: Foreign Press Center/Japan. * Hall, John Whitney. (1988). ''Early Modern Japan'' (''The Cambridge History of Japan'', Vol. 4). Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...

.
OCLC 489633115
* Hayami, Akira, Osamu Saitō, Ronald P Toby. (2004) ''The Economic History of Japan: 1600–1990'', Vol. 1, ''Emergence of Economic Society in Japan, 1600–1859''. Oxford:

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...

.
OCLC 314513300
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirem ...

.
OCLC 48943301
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869''. Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial
OCLC 36644
* Screech, Timon. (2006)
''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''.
London:

RoutledgeCurzon Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and ...

.
OCLC 65177072
* Takekoshi, Yosaburō. (1930)
''Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan''.
London: Allen & Unwen, republished by Routledge / * Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Ōdai Ichiran , ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings. According to the 1871 edition of the ''American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691

External links

National Diet Library The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...

, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kyoho Japanese eras 1710s in Japan 1720s in Japan 1730s in Japan