Kyjov (; german: Gaya or Geyen) is a town in
Hodonín District
Hodonín District ( cs, okres Hodonín) is one of seven districts (''okres'') within South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Hodonín.
The main river of the district is the Morava, which geographically divides the ...
in the
South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region ( cs, Jihomoravský kraj; , ; sk, Juhomoravský kraj) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia (an exception is Jobova Lhota which trad ...
of the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an
urban monument zone.
Administrative parts
The villages Bohuslavice, Boršov and Nětčice are administrative parts of Kyjov.
Geography
Kyjov is located about north of
Hodonín
Hodonín (; german: Göding) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Hodonín is made up of only one administrative part.
Geography
Hodonín is located about southeast ...
. It is situated in the valley of the river Kyjovka. Most of the municipal territory lies in the
Kyjov Hills
The Kyjov Hills ( cs, Kyjovská pahorkatina) is an area in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.
These relatively modest hills and undulating plateaus form a part of the Central Moravian Carpathians, within the Outer Western Carpath ...
, and a small northern part lies in the
Chřiby highlands.
History
The first written mention of Kyjov is from 1126. Until 1539, it was a property of the
Hradisko Monastery
Hradisko Monastery or Monastery Hradisko (Czech language: ''Klášter Hradisko'' or ''Klášterní Hradisko'', or simply ''Hradiště''; colloquially also: ''Moravský Escorial'', English: ''Castle Monastery'' or ''Hillfort Monastery'') is a f ...
. In the 12th century, a Romanesque church and new market place were established here. In 1201, Kyjov is first referred to as a
market town
A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural ...
. In 1284, King
Wenceslaus II
Wenceslaus II Přemyslid ( cs, Václav II.; pl, Wacław II Czeski; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1 ...
allowed to fortify the market town. Kyjov had no funds for the stone walls and built only wooden
palisade
A palisade, sometimes called a stakewall or a paling, is typically a fence or defensive wall made from iron or wooden stakes, or tree trunks, and used as a defensive structure or enclosure. Palisades can form a stockade.
Etymology
''Palisade' ...
s.
Due to financial difficulties of the monastery, in the 14th and 15th centuries, Kyjov was pawned to various lower nobles. In 1515, Kyjov became a town. The monastery sold the town in 1539. After it changed its owners few times, in 1548, Kyjov became a royal town, received a royal promise not to be sold or pawned again, and gained an advantageous position that led to further development. The town had repaired buildings, had built three town gates and new Renaissance town hall, and acquired new properties.
[
In 1710, the first ]Capuchins
Capuchin can refer to:
*Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, an order of Roman Catholic friars
*Capuchin Poor Clares, an order of Roman Catholic contemplative religious sisters
*Capuchin monkey, primates of the genus ''Cebus'' and ''Sapajus'', named af ...
came to Kyjov. They had built a new church. In 1784, the Capuchin monastery was abolished. From 1784 to 1848, the town was in good economic condition and expanded. In the second half of the 19th century, Kyjov has a German speaking minory, which included Jewish population.[
Until 1918, ''Gaya in Mähren – Kyjov'' (previously ''Gaya'' or ''Gaia'') was part of the ]Austrian monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
(Austria side after the compromise of 1867
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...
), head of the district with the same name, one of the 34 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The me ...
.
Demographics
Transport
Kyjov lies on the railway from Brno
Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
to Uherské Hradiště
Uherské Hradiště (; german: Ungarisch Hradisch, hu, Magyarhradis) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration with the two neighbouring towns of Staré Město and Kunovice has over ...
. It is served by three railway stations and stops: Kyjov, Kyjov zastávka, and Bohuslavice u Kyjova.
Culture
Kyjov is a centre of regional folklore. The town lies in the cultural region of Moravian Slovakia
Moravian Slovakia ( cs, Slovácko, older ''Moravské Slovensko'') or Slovácko is a cultural region in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic, Moravia on the border with Slovakia and Austria, known for its characteristic folklore, music, wi ...
. The festival ''Slovácký rok'' ("Moravian Slovakian Year") is the oldest Moravian folklore festival. It has taken place here since 1921 every four years.
Kyjov participated and won silver in the 2008 Entente Florale
The Entente Florale Europe (, "Flowery Alliance of Europe") is an international horticultural competition established to recognise municipalities and villages in Europe for excellence in horticultural displays. Trophies are presented annually by t ...
.
Sights
The historic centre is formed by the Masarykovo Square and the nearest surroundings. In the middle of the square is a Marian column from the 1720s. The square is dominated by the Renaissance town hall. It was built by Italian architects in 1561–1562. It is decorated by sgraffiti
''Sgraffito'' (; plural: ''sgraffiti'') is a technique either of wall decor, produced by applying layers of plaster tinted in contrasting colours to a moistened surface, or in pottery, by applying to an unfired ceramic body two successive laye ...
and has a -high tower.
The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is also located on the town square. It was built in 1713–1720 and extended in 1734. Under the church is a Capuchin tomb with 40 coffins.
The Chateau is the oldest preserved building in the town. It was built in the first half of the 16th century as a manor house and gradually served various purposes. In 1911, it was reconstructed and decorated by sgraffiti. Since 1928, it houses the Kyjov Ethnographic Museum with archeological, ethnographic and natural science expositions.
Notable people
*Hugo Sonnenschein
Hugo Sonnenschein (pseudonym: ''Sonka, Hugo Sonka'') (May 25, 1889, Kyjov, – July 20, 1953, Mírov) was an Austrian writer
A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles and techniques to communicate ideas. Write ...
(1889–1953), Austrian writer
*Radola Gajda
Radola Gajda, born as Rudolf Geidl (14 February 1892, Kotor, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary – 15 April 1948, Prague, Czechoslovakia), was a Czech military commander and politician.
Early years
Geidl's father was an officer in the Aust ...
(1892–1948), military commander and politician; studied here
* Bohumil Sekla (1901–1987), biologist and university professor
* Miroslav Novák (1907–2000), theologian and patriarch
*Miroslav Tichý
Miroslav Tichý (; November 20, 1926 – April 12, 2011) was a photographer who from the 1960s until 1985 took thousands of surreptitious pictures of women in his hometown of Kyjov in the Czech Republic, using homemade cameras constructed of ...
(1926–2011), painter and photographer
*Ivo Knoflíček
Ivo Knoflíček (born 23 February 1962) is a Czech association football, football coach and a former player. He played for the Czechoslovakia national football team, Czechoslovakia national team, for which he played 38 matches and scored seven g ...
(born 1962), footballer
* Roman Stantien (born 1964), Slovak ice hockey player
*Silvia Saint
Silvia Saint, born Silvie Tomčalová (born 12 February 1976) is a former Czech pornographic actress. In 1996 she was '' Penthouse'' Pet of the Year in the Czech edition of the magazine. She has appeared in over 300 pornographic movies.
Early ...
(born 1976), porn actress
*Jan Bárta
Jan Bárta (born 7 December 1984) is a Czech professional road cyclist, who rides for UCI Continental team .
Major results
Source:
;2003
: 1st Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
;2007
: 7th Overall Tour de Hongrie
: 9th Prague ...
(born 1984), road cyclist
* Jakub Kornfeil (born 1993), motorcycle racer
Twin towns – sister cities
Kyjov is twinned with:
* Biograd na Moru
Biograd na Moru (), shortened to simply Biograd (), is a town in northern Dalmatia, Croatia and is significant for being another capital of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia. Biograd is administratively part of the Zadar County. It is located on t ...
, Croatia
* Hollabrunn
Hollabrunn () is a district capital town in the Austrian States of Austria, state of Lower Austria, on the Göllersbach river. It is situated in the heart of the biggest wine region of Austria, the Weinviertel.
History
The surroundings of Ho ...
, Austria
* Lutsk
Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding Luts ...
, Ukraine
* Prizren
)
, settlement_type = Municipality and city
, image_skyline = Prizren Collage.jpg
, imagesize = 290px
, image_caption = View of Prizren
, image_alt = View of Prizren
, image_flag ...
, Kosovo
* Seravezza
Seravezza is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Lucca, in northern Tuscany, Italy. It is located in Versilia, close to the Apuan Alps.
Neighboring municipalities
*Forte dei Marmi
*Massa
*Montignoso
*Pietrasanta
* Stazzema
Patron saints
Sera ...
, Italy
* Yvetot
Yvetot () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. It is the capital of the Caux region.
History
The name Yvetot comes from the Germanic ''Yvo'' and the Old Norse ''-topt''. Therefore, Yvetot means ...
, France
References
External links
*
{{authority control
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Hodonín District
Moravian Slovakia