The Kamuku languages are a branch of the
Kainji languages spoken by the
Kamuku people of
Niger State, western
Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, NaìjÃrÃyà , yo, Nà ìjÃrÃà , pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
, mostly in
Mariga and
Rafi LGAs.
Although formerly classified as Kamuku, Pongu is now placed in a related branch, the
Pongu (Shiroro) languages, and
Western Acipa (Cipu) with the
Kambari languages
The Kambari or Kamberi languages) are a cluster of Kainji languages spoken in northwestern Nigeria (Kebbi State and Niger State). Geographic distribution
The Kambarri languages are spoken in Kebbi and Niger States, Nigeria. There are also some sp ...
.
Languages
Blench (2012)
Blench (2012) lists the following Kamuku languages and their sociolinguistic situations. Kamuku internal classification can be briefly summarised as:
*Proto-Kamuku
**
Hungwəryə
**Core Kamuku (‘Yara)
***
Cinda-Regi:
Cinda,
Regi-
Shiyabe,
Orogo,
Kuki;
Kuru
Kuru may refer to:
Anthropology and history
* Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people
* Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology
* Kuru Kingdom, ...
-
Maruba
***
Səgəmuk (Zubazuba);
Sama
Sama or SAMA may refer to:
Places
* Sama, Burkina Faso, a town in the Kouka Department, Banwa Province, Burkina Faso
* Sama, China (Sanya), a city in Hainan, China
* Sama, Chalus, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Sama, Nowshahr, a vil ...
-
Sambuga
***
Kagare
***Rogo II
''‘Yara'', or ''Cinda-Regi-Kuki-Kuru-Maruba'', is the largest Kamuku subgroup. There are four main Cinda-Regi varieties,
Cinda,
Regi,
Orogo, and
Kuki.
Kuru
Kuru may refer to:
Anthropology and history
* Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people
* Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology
* Kuru Kingdom, ...
and
Maruba, both named after villages, are close to each other.
Shiyabe is close to
tuRogo. However, Rogo can refer to two varieties, namely a Cinda-Regi variety and another non-Cinda-Regi variety (Rogo II).
Səgəmuk (Zubazuba),
Tushyabe, and
Turubaruba are all spoken in Igwama town of
Mariga LGA,
Niger State.
Kagare (
Kwagere) is spoken in Unguwar Tanko village. There is partial intelligibility with
Cinda,
Regi and
Səgəmuk (Zubazuba).
Names for various Kamuku languages:
Extinct languages
Extinct Kamuku languages:
*
Sambuga (extinct) and
Shama (still spoken) are closely related.
*
Makɨci (?
əkɨci was an extinct Kamuku language spoken in Makɨci village and in a village cluster a few kilometres east of Igwama.
*
Ingwai (Inkwai) is extinct.
*The village of Saya may have also spoken a Kamuku language. Ingwai and Saya speakers have both switched to
Hausa.
*
Kwacika (extinct) is reported to be a Kamuku language.
Blench (2018)
Kamuku classification by Blench (2018):
[Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixing in the Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), ''East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs'', 59–106. Berlin: Language Science Press. ]
;Kamuku
*
Hungwəryə
*Core Kamuku (‘Yara)
**
Sama
Sama or SAMA may refer to:
Places
* Sama, Burkina Faso, a town in the Kouka Department, Banwa Province, Burkina Faso
* Sama, China (Sanya), a city in Hainan, China
* Sama, Chalus, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Sama, Nowshahr, a vil ...
-
Sambuga (extinct)
**
Makici (extinct)
**
Zubazuba
**
Inkwai (extinct)
**
Regi,
Kuki,
Rogo-
Shyabe
**
Cinda cluster
Each lect is generally identified with an individual hill in the
Mariga area of
Niger State.
See also
*
Pongu languages, also known as ''Kamuku languages''
References
Further reading
*
Sociolinguistic survey (level one) of the Kamuku language cluster'
External links
{{Platoid languages
Kainji languages