Kuvshinovsky District (russian: Кувши́новский райо́н) is an administrative
and municipal
[Law #4-ZO] district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
thirty-six in
Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inh ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located in the center of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Vyshnevolotsky District in the north,
Torzhoksky District
Torzhoksky District (russian: Торжо́кский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district ( raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Spirovsky ...
in the east,
Staritsky District
Staritsky District (russian: Ста́рицкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central and southern parts of the oblast and border ...
in the south,
Selizharovsky District in the southwest,
Ostashkovsky District
Ostashkovsky District (russian: Оста́шковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Dem ...
in the west, and with
Firovsky District
Firovsky District (russian: Фи́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with the urban-type se ...
in the northwest. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
of
Kuvshinovo.
Population: 15,386 (
2010 Census);
The population of Kuvshinovo accounts for 65.0% of the district's total population.
Geography
Kuvshinovsky District list in the southern part of the
Valdai Hills
The Valdai Hills (russian: Валда́йская возвы́шенность, Valdáyskaya vozvýshennost'), sometimes referred to as just Valdai (russian: Валда́й, Valdáy), are an upland region in the north-west of central European Ru ...
, and the divide between the
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
s of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caspian Sea runs through the district. The northern part of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the
Tsna River, a tributary of
Lake Mstino
Mstino () is a lake in Tver Oblast, Russia, in the Valdai Hills area. Its main outflow is Msta River. The lake occupies an area of , its length is , width . It lies at an altitude of 154 meters, with maximum depth of 10 meters.
References
See a ...
in the drainage basin of the
Neva
The Neva (russian: Нева́, ) is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast (historical region of Ingria) to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. Despite its modest length of , it ...
and the Baltic Sea. The Tsna itself has its source the district. The rivers in the center and in the south of the district belong to the basin of the
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchm ...
. The major part of the district belongs to the basin of the
Osuga River, which crosses the district from est to east. The rivers in the southern part of the district drain into the
Bolshaya Kosha, which has its source in the district. The Osuga is a right tributary of the
Tvertsa, a left tributary of the Volga, whereas the Bolshaya Kosha is a left tributary of the Volga. 76% of the area of the district is occupied by forest.
History
In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great, the area was included into
Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate), and in 1727
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Новгоро́дская губе́рнія, r=Novgorodskaya guberniya, p=ˈnofɡərətskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə, t=Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Ru ...
split off. In 1775,
Tver Viceroyalty
Tver Viceroyalty (russian: link=no, Тверское наместничество, ''Tverskoye namestnichestvo'') was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1775 until 1796. Its seat was in Tver. In 1796, it was tran ...
was formed from the lands which previously belonged to
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
and Novgorod Governorates, and the area was transferred to Tver Viceroyalty, which in 1796 was transformed to
Tver Governorate
Tver Governorate (russian: Тверская губерния, ''Tverskaya guberniya'') was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Tver. The governo ...
. The area was divided between
Novotorzhsky (with the center in Torzhok) and
Vyshnevolotsky (
Vyshny Volochyok
Vyshny VolochyokThe more-regular spelling Vyshny Volochok ( rus, Вы́шний Волочо́к)—with instead of after an unpaired " hush consonant"—is seen but is not official; the two spellings are pronounced the same in Russian. ( rus, ...
) uyezds.
On 1 October 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Kamensky District with the administrative center in the settlement of Kuvshinovo was established. It belonged to
Rzhev Okrug
Rzhev ( rus, Ржев, p=ˈrʐɛf) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Staritsa and from Tver, on the highway and railway connecting Moscow and Riga. It is the uppermost town situated on the Volga River. Population:
Histo ...
of
Western Oblast
Western Oblast (russian: Западная область, ''Zapadnaya oblast'') was an ''oblast'' (a first-level administrative and municipal unit) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1937. Its seat was in the city ...
.
On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935
Kalinin Oblast
Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inh ...
was established, and Kamensky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.
In 1938, Kuvshinovo was merged with the nearby
selo of Kamenka and granted town status.
In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
, Novotorzhsky, Likhoslavlsky, and Kamensky Districts were merged into a new district which was called Torzhoksky District. On January 12, 1965 Kuvshinovsky District (which occupied the same area as the former Kamensky District) was re-established.
In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.
Economy
Industry
As of 2010, the paper production was responsible for 92.4% of the total industrial output of the district. Production of electrical equipment, textile, and food was also present.
The Kuvshinovo Paper Mill (built in the 19th century by merchant Kuvshinov, hence the name) was producing paper until the 1990s, and then the local timber production stopped, and the mill had to switch to cardboard production.
Agriculture
The main agricultural specializations of the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as crops and potato growing.
Transportation
A railway line which connects
Likhoslavl
Likhoslavl (russian: Лихосла́вль) is a town and the administrative center of Likhoslavlsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Moscow–St. Petersburg Railway, northwest of Tver, the administrative center of the obl ...
with
Soblago via
Torzhok
Torzhok (russian: Торжо́к) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Tvertsa River along the federal highway M10 and a branch of the Oktyabrskaya Railway division of the Russian Railways. The town is famous for its folk craft of ...
and
Selizharovo
Selizharovo (russian: Селижа́рово) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Selizharovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia situated at the confluence of the Selizharovka and Volga Rivers. Populati ...
crosses the area of the district from east to west and passes Kuvshinovo. It is served by infrequent passenger traffic.
A road connecting Torshok with
Ostashkov
Ostashkov (russian: Оста́шков) is a town and the administrative center of Ostashkovsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, on a peninsula at the southern shore of Lake Seliger, west of Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Populat ...
crosses the district from east to west and runs through Kuvshinovo. Another road connects Kuvshinovo with
Vyshny Volochyok
Vyshny VolochyokThe more-regular spelling Vyshny Volochok ( rus, Вы́шний Волочо́к)—with instead of after an unpaired " hush consonant"—is seen but is not official; the two spellings are pronounced the same in Russian. ( rus, ...
via
Yesenovichi. There are local roads as well, with the bus traffic originating from Kuvshinovo.
Culture and recreation
The district contains forty cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally twenty-nine objects (three of them in Kuvshinovo) classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federally protected monuments include the ensembles of
Borok,
Gornitsy,
Pryamukhino, and
Velemozhye Estates, of the
Mogilyovskaya Pustyn monastery, as well as several churches of the 18th and the 19th centuries.
Kuvshinovo has a local museum.
Pryamukhino Estate belonged to the Bakunin family. In the estate,
Mikhail Bakunin
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (; 1814–1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist, socialist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the revolutionary s ...
was born. Currently, a museum is open in Pryamukhino.
References
Notes
Sources
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{{Use mdy dates, date=April 2013
Districts of Tver Oblast