Kummanni ( Hittite: ''Kummiya'') was the name of the main center of the

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

n kingdom of

Kizzuwatna Kizzuwatna (or Kizzuwadna; in Ancient Egyptian ''Kode'' or ''Qode''), was an ancient Anatolian kingdom in the 2nd millennium BC. It was situated in the highlands of southeastern Anatolia, near the Gulf of İskenderun, in modern-day Turkey. It enc ...

. Its location is uncertain, but it may have been near the classical settlement of Comana in

Cappadocia Cappadocia or Capadocia (; tr, Kapadokya), is a historical region in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It largely is in the provinces Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde. According to Herodotus, in the time of the Ionian Re ...

. Recent research also proposed as a location

Sirkeli Höyük Sirkeli Höyük is one of the largest tells (settlement mounds) of Cilicia with an area of approximately 80 ha. (The distance between Comana and Cilicia is not that great.) Kummanni was the major cult center of the

Hurrian The Hurrians (; cuneiform: ; transliteration: ''Ḫu-ur-ri''; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri or Hurriter) were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurrian language and lived in Anatolia, Syria and Northern ...

chief deity,

Tešup Teshub (also written Teshup, Teššup, or Tešup; cuneiform ; hieroglyphic Luwian , read as ''Tarhunzas'';Annick Payne (2014), ''Hieroglyphic Luwian: An Introduction with Original Texts'', 3rd revised edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. ...

. Its Hurrian name Kummeni simply translates as "The Shrine." The city persisted into the

Early Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...

, and appears as Kisuatni in

Assyrian Assyrian may refer to: * Assyrian people, the indigenous ethnic group of Mesopotamia. * Assyria, a major Mesopotamian kingdom and empire. ** Early Assyrian Period ** Old Assyrian Period ** Middle Assyrian Empire ** Neo-Assyrian Empire * Assyrian ...

records. It was located in the east of Que, the successor of Kizzuwatna. The town should not be confused with Kumme, a holy city for Assyrians and Urarteans, located in the highlands between Assyria and

Urartu Urartu (; Assyrian: ',Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65. Babylonian: ''Urashtu'', he, אֲרָרָט ''Ararat'') is a geographical region and Iron Age kingdom also known as the Kingdom of V ...

. It is also sometimes proposed that in Hittite times there were two Kummanna's, one in the north and one in the south, corresponding to the two ancient sites (Κόμανα). The name belongs to

Luwian The Luwians were a group of Anatolian peoples who lived in central, western, and southern Anatolia, in present-day Turkey, during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke the Luwian language, an Indo-European language of the Anatolian sub-fam ...

''kummaya'' ('pure, holy').

References

*Ernest René Lacheman, Martha A. Morrison, David I. Owen, ''General studies and excavations at Nuzi 9/1'', 1987, {{ISBN, 978-0-931464-08-9, p. 50

*Massimiliano Forlanini, How to infer Ancient Roads and Intineraries from heterogenous Hittite Texts: The Case of the Cilician (Kizzuwatnean) Road System, KASKAL 10, 2013, 1–34. *Mirko Novák and Susanne Rutishauser, Kizzuwatna: Archaeology, in: M. Weeden und L.Z. Ullmann (ed.), Hittite Landscape and Geography, Leiden 2017, 134–145. Hurrian cities Kizzuwatna Holy cities Archaeological sites in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey History of Adana Province