Mom Rajawongse The precedence of Thai royalty follows a system of ranks known as ''thanandon'' ( th, ฐานันดร), which are accompanied by royal titles. The Sovereign There are two styles which can be used for a king in ordinary speech, depending on ...

Kukrit Pramoj ( th, คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช, , ; 20 April 1911 – 9 October 1995) was a Thai

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...

, scholar and

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...

. He was Speaker of the

House of Representatives of Thailand The House of Representatives ( th, สภาผู้แทนราษฎร; ; ) is the lower house of the National Assembly of Thailand, the legislative branch of the Thai government. The system of government of Thailand is that of a constitu ...

1973–1974. He was the thirteenth

Prime Minister of Thailand The prime minister of Thailand ( th, นายกรัฐมนตรี, , ; literally 'chief minister of state') is the head of government of Thailand. The prime minister is also the chair of the Cabinet of Thailand. The post has existed si ...

, serving in office from 1975 to 1976 between

Seni Pramoj Mom Rajawongse Seni Pramoj ( th, หม่อมราชวงศ์เสนีย์ ปราโมช, , ; 26 May 190528 July 1997) was three times the Prime Minister of Thailand, a politician in the Democrat Party, lawyer, diplomat and pr ...

, his brother's, terms. Being the great-grandson of King

Rama II Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai ( th, พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย, 24 February 1767 – 21 July 1824), personal name Chim ( th, ฉิม), also styled as Rama II, was the second monarch of Siam under the Chakri ...

, he was a member of the Thai royal family. He also portrayed the Prime Minister of the fictional country of "Sarkhan" in the 1963 motion picture ''

The Ugly American ''The Ugly American'' is a 1958 political novel by Eugene Burdick and William Lederer that depicts the failures of the U.S. diplomatic corps in Southeast Asia. The book caused a sensation in diplomatic circles and had major political implic ...

'' with

Marlon Brando Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor. Considered one of the most influential actors of the 20th century, he received numerous accolades throughout his career, which spanned six decades, including two Academ ...

Biography

He was born on 20 April 1911 at

Sing Buri Province Sing Buri ( th, สิงห์บุรี, ) is one of the central provinces (''changwat'') of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nakhon Sawan, Lopburi, Ang Thong, Suphan Buri, and Chai Nat. Toponymy The word ''sing'' ...

into an cadet branch of

Chakri Dynasty The Chakri dynasty ( th, ราชวงศ์ จักรี, , , ) is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand, the head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the ...

with Chinese ancestry. The son of Brigadier General Prince Khamrob and his wife Daeng ( Bunnag), his older brother was M.R.

while his great-grandmother, Ampha, was of Chinese descent and was a consort of

. He served as a corporal during the

Franco-Thai War The Franco-Thai War (October 1940 – January 28, 1941, th, กรณีพิพาทอินโดจีน, Krṇī phiphāth xindocīn; french: Guerre franco-thaïlandaise) was fought between Thailand and Vichy France over certain areas o ...

in 1940. Like many upper class Thais of his generation, his parents sent him and his siblings to boarding schools in England including

Trent College Trent College is a co-educational independent day and boarding school located in Long Eaton, Derbyshire between Nottingham and Derby. Founded in 1868 as a local ’middle class alternative’ to the more famous public schools, it is now a coedu ...

. He finished his bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) from Queen's College,

University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...

. Upon returning to Thailand, his first job was in the field of banking; but his true

vocation A vocation () is an occupation to which a person is especially drawn or for which they are suited, trained or qualified. People can be given information about a new occupation through student orientation. Though now often used in non-religious co ...

was his mastery of many forms of arts, including politics and journalism. Put off by Hollywood's portrayal of revered nineteenth-century king,

Mongkut Mongkut ( th, มงกุฏ; 18 October 18041 October 1868) was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, titled Rama IV. He ruled from 1851 to 1868. His full title in Thai was ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Menthora Ramathibod ...

, in the 1946 film ''Anna and the King of Siam'', based on the semi-

fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditi ...

biographical novel The biographical novel is a genre of novel which provides a fictional account of a contemporary or historical person's life. Like other forms of biographical fiction, details are often trimmed or reimagined to meet the artistic needs of the fiction ...

of the same name, Kukrit and his brother,

, wrote ''The King of Siam speaks'' in 1948. They sent their manuscript to the American politician and diplomat Abbot Low Moffat who drew on it for his biography entitled ''Mongkut the King of Siam'' (), and in 1961, donated the Pramoj manuscript to the Southeast Asian Collection, Asian Division,

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...

. He wrote for ''

Siam Rath ''Siam Rath'' ( th, สยามรัฐ, , ; lit.: 'Siamese State') is a Thai newspaper founded on 25 June 1950. It was one of the most politically influential newspapers during the latter half of the twentieth century, and was closely associat ...

'', the newspaper that he founded. คีกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช

As a means of showing how Thai society adjusted to life in modern society, in 1953 Kukrit began a series of stories on the life and times of fictional Mae Ploy ( th, แม่พลอย). who as a young girl enters the service of a princess of

Rama V Chulalongkorn ( th, จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama V. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พร� ...

's Royal Household, and dies the same day as

Rama VIII Ananda Mahidol ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946), posthumous reigning title Phra Athamaramathibodin ( th, พระอั� ...

. This story was to be one of many that were published in the Kukrit's Siam Rat. His satirical sense and unique sense of humour offered an incisive view of the times Kukrit chronicled. As a scholar, he also wrote many non-fiction works ranging from history and religion to astrology. Most notable are his epics and many short stories portraying various aspects of life and documenting contemporary history. His ''Many Lives'' (, ''Lai Chiwit'') was also translated into English. He was a leading authority on traditional Thai culture and had a

polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...

ic range of interests from Thailand's classical dance to literature. Most famous for his literary works, he was named a

National Artist of Thailand The National Artist ( th, ศิลปินแห่งชาติ, , ) is a title given annually by the Office of the National Culture Commission of Thailand, recognizing notable Thai artists in the area of intangible cultural heritage such ...

for literature in 1985, the inaugural year for the honour. And he received The Special Commemorative Prize of The Fukuoka Asian Culture Prizes in 1990, the inaugural year for the prizes again. His works encompass many subjects from humour to drama. He was also known as a staunch loyalist and served the monarchy for his entire life. He is considered one of the great statesmen of

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

. His former home is now a heritage museum which is preserved; paying homage to his life and Thai traditions. He was married to M.R. Pakpring Thongyai with whom he had two children, a son and daughter. He died on 9 October 1995.

Achievements

State-Visit-to-the-Philippines-by-Prime-Minister-Kukrit-Pramoj

* He established the conservative

Social Action Party The Social Action Party ( th, พรรคกิจสังคม, ) was a political party in Thailand. History The Social Action Party was formed by the more liberal members of the Democrat Party in 1974 under the leadership of Kukrit Pram ...

* M.R. Kukrit founded the Progress Party in 1946 and was elected to the first post-World War II Parliament * Appeared on screen with

in the movie ''

'' (1963), in which he played Prime Minister Kwen Sai and spoke both Thai and English. * As Prime Minister, established diplomatic ties with China in 1975, and supervised the withdrawal of American forces from Thailand after the Vietnam War. * Named National Artist in Literature 1985. * Received the

Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize The is an award established by the city of Fukuoka and the Fukuoka City International Foundation (formerly The Yokatopia Foundation) to honor the outstanding work of individuals or organizations in preserving or creating Asian culture. There are ...

in 1990. * Founded the Khon Thammasat Troupe at

Thammasat University Thammasat University (Abbreviation, Abrv: TU th, มธ.; th, มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, , ) is a public research university in Thailand with campuses in Tha Phra Chan area of Phra Nakhon District near the ...

Khon Khon ( th, โขน, ) is a dance drama genre from Thailand. Khon has been performed since the Ayutthaya Kingdom. It is traditionally performed solely in the royal court by men in masks accompanied by narrators and a traditional piphat ensembl ...

being the highest form of dance drama in Thai classical dramatic arts.

Acting career

When

George Englund George Englund (June 22, 1926 – September 14, 2017) was an American film editor, director, producer, and actor. Biography Englund was born George Howe Ripley in Washington, D.C., the son of actress Mabel Albertson and Harold Austin Ripley. H ...

decided to use Thailand as the location for the fictional country portrayed in his film ''

'', Kukrit was appointed as cultural advisor to make sure the film accurately portrayed monarchy in a Buddhist country. Englund had difficulty casting the part of the fictional Prime Minister, but he was so impressed by Kukrit's cultural refinement and mastery of English that he offered him the part, saying, "I can't think of anyone who could play it better." Kukrit accepted, saying, according to Englund, "We are all actors anyway, and I think you're right that I could play it better than anyone." Probably because of this, after he became a real-life Prime Minister of Thailand in 1975, the word "Sarkhan" has entered the Thai language as a nickname of Thailand itself, often with a slight self-deprecating or mocking tone.

M.R. Kukrit Heritage Home

The home that M.R. Kukrit built for himself in Bangkok has been registered by the Department of Fine Arts as 'Home of an Important Person'. It is open to the public on Saturdays, Sundays and official Thai holidays. Standing in of land, surrounded by landscaped gardens, the house is a similar concept to the

Jim Thompson House The Jim Thompson House is a museum in central Bangkok, Thailand, housing the art collection of American businessman and architect Jim Thompson, the museum designer and former owner. Built in 1959, the museum spans one rectangular ''rai'' of land ( ...

in Bangkok. Five small traditional Thai houses were dismantled and reassembled at the present site to make one house. The house is filled with artefacts and books collected by the owner. Additions to the original house include air conditioning, a modern bathroom, and a lift was installed when the owner became too frail to climb up and down stairs. The M.R. Kukrit Heritage Home is situated at 19 Soi Phra Pinit,

South Sathorn Road Sathon Road ( th, ถนนสาทร, , ; also ''Sathorn'' or ''Satorn'') is a major road that passes through the districts of Bang Rak District, Bang Rak and Sathon in central Bangkok, Thailand. It is an important transportation link between Ph ...

Sathon Sathon or Sathorn ( th, สาทร, ) is one of the 50 districts (''khet'') of Bangkok, Thailand. The district is bounded by six other districts (from north clockwise): Bang Rak, Pathum Wan, Khlong Toei, Yan Nawa, Bang Kho Laem, and Khlon ...

District, Bangkok 10120.

Literary Works

Literary career

Kukrit Pramoj is perhaps best known in Thailand for his literary production, particularly his novel ''

Four Reigns ''Four Reigns'' ( th, สี่แผ่นดิน, ) is a Thai historical novel by Kukrit Pramoj. First serialized in the ''Siam Rath'' newspaper from 1951 to 1952 and published in book form in 1953, the novel follows the life of Phloi (), a gi ...

'', which was published as a serial in his newspaper ''Siam Rat'' in 1950. ''Four Reigns'' tells the story of "Mae Ploi," a young girl who grew up in the court of

King Chulalongkorn Chulalongkorn ( th, จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama V. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พร� ...

(Rama V) where she was an attendant to one of the princesses. Kukrit extends her story after her marriage during the reign of

Rama VI Vajiravudh ( th, วชิราวุธ, , 1 January 188126 November 1925) was the sixth monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty as Rama VI. He ruled from 23 October 1910 until his death in 1925. King Vajiravudh is best known for his efforts ...

, and in the process tells the story of mid-twentieth century Thailand through Mae Ploi's eyes. The story includes the reigns of four Kings of the

Chakri dynasty The Chakri dynasty ( th, ราชวงศ์ จักรี, , , ) is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand, the head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the ...

(thus the title "Four Reigns"), and the 1932 Revolution against the absolute monarchy. ''Four Reigns'' was translated into English by Tulachandra. The Thai version of ''Four Reigns'' continues to be well known to Thais in the twenty-first century because it has been used in Thai schools, and has been produced as a well-known films. Only two other of Kukrit's many novels, ''Many Lives'', and ''Red Bamboo'' are translated into English. In addition, there is a compilation of a few of Kukrit's English language writings and interviews, ''M. R. Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom'', compiled by Vilas Manivat, and edited by Steve Van Beek. However, Kukrit's writings in the Thai language are voluminous, and include both fiction and non-fiction. Much of Kukrit's writing was first published as either columns or serials in the ''Siam Rat''. A number of the books serialized and later turned into books including ''Four Reigns''. A wide range of subjects were addressed in these books, including contemporary politics, Kukrit's love of dogs, Thai history, Southeast Asian history, elephants, a history of the Jews, and many other subjects. A review of his book comparing feudalism in Thailand called

sakdina ''Sakdina'' ( th, ศักดินา) was a system of social hierarchy in use from the Ayutthaya to early Rattanakosin periods of Thai history. It assigned a numerical rank to each person depending on their status, and served to determine their ...

and Britain was recently published in English. Kukrit's essay is called "Farang Sakdina." The article describes Kukrit's views about good governance, monarchy, and democracy in Thailand and Britain.

Novels

* ''Sam Kok Chabap Nai Thun'' (สามก๊กฉบับนายทุน; 1951) * ''Phai Daeng'' (ไผ่แดง; 1954) ** Based on

Giovanni Guareschi Giovannino Oliviero Giuseppe Guareschi (; 1 May 1908 – 22 July 1968) was an Italian journalist, cartoonist and humorist whose best known creation is the priest Don Camillo. Life and career Giovannino Guareschi was born into a middle-class famil ...

's 1950 novel ''

The Little World of Don Camillo ''The Little World of Don Camillo'' ( it, Don Camillo; french: Le Petit Monde de don Camillo) is a 1952 Italian-French film directed by Julien Duvivier, starring Fernandel and Gino Cervi. It was the first film in the ''"Don Camillo"'' series, whic ...

''. Translated into English as ''Red Bamboo'' in 1961 * ''Su Si Thai Hao'' (ซูสีไทเฮา; 1957) * ''Jew'' (ยิว; 1967) * ''

'' (สี่แผ่นดิน) ** Translated into English as ''

'' in 1981 by Tulachandra; * ''Kawao Thi Bang Phleng'' (กาเหว่าที่บางเพลง; 1989) ** Based on

John Wyndham John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (; 10 July 1903 – 11 March 1969) was an English science fiction writer best known for his works published under the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names ...

's 1957

science fiction Science fiction (sometimes shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel unive ...

novel ''

The Midwich Cuckoos ''The Midwich Cuckoos'' is a 1957 science fiction novel written by the English author John Wyndham. It tells the tale of an English village in which the women become pregnant by brood parasitic aliens. The book has been praised by many critic ...

''. Adapted into a film of the same name in 1994. * ''Lai Chiwit'' (หลายชีวิต) ** Translated in English as ''Many Lives'' in 1996; * ''

Khun Chang Khun Phaen ''Khun Chang Khun Phaen'' ( th, ขุนช้างขุนแผน, ) is a long Thai epic poem which originated from a legend of Thai folklore and is one of the most notable works in Thai literature. The work's entire length is over 20,000 ...

'' (ขุนช้างขุนแผน; 1989)

Plays

* ''Rashomon'' (ราโชมอน) ** Based on

Akira Kurosawa was a Japanese filmmaker and painter who directed thirty films in a career spanning over five decades. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. Kurosawa displayed a bold, dyna ...

's 1950 crime mystery film of the same name.

Collected short stories and essays

* ''Phuean Non'' (เพื่อนนอน; short stories, 1952) ** " Mom" (มอม, published individually in 2011) * ''Sapphehera Khadi'' (สัพเพเหระคดี)

Non-fiction

* ''Phama Sia Mueang'' (พม่าเสียเมือง; 1967) , * ''Huang Mahannop'' (ห้วงมหรรณพ; 1959) * ''Chak Yipun'' (ฉากญี่ปุ่น; 1962) * ''Mueang Maya'' (เมืองมายา; 1965) * ''Khon Rak Ma'' (คนรักหมา; 1967) * ''Wai Run'' (วัยรุ่น; 1980) * ''Thammakhadi'' (ธรรมคดี; 1983) * ''Khrong Kraduk Nai Tu'' (โครงกระดูกในตู้) * ''Chao Lok'' (เจ้าโลก) * ''Kritsadaphinihan An Bot Bang Mi Dai'' (กฤษฎาภินิหารอันบดบังมิได้) , * ''Chang Nai Chiwit Khong Phom'' (ช้างในชีวิตของผม) * ''Phra Phutthasatsana Kap Khuekrit'' (พระพุทธศาสนากับคึกฤทธิ์) * ''Kho Khit Rueang Koet Kae Chep Tai'' (ข้อคิดเรื่อง เกิด แก่ เจ็บ ตาย) * ''Songkhram Phio'' (สงครามผิว) * ''Thok Khamen'' (ถกเขมร) * ''Banthoeng Roeng Rom'' (บันเทิงเริงรมย์) * ''Rueang Kham Khan'' (เรื่องขำขัน) * ''Kep Lek Phasom Noi'' (เก็บเล็กผสมน้อย) * ''Klai Rok'' (ไกลโรค) * ''Khon Khong Lok'' (คนของโลก) * ''Chom Suan'' (ชมสวน) * ''Talat Nat'' (ตลาดนัด) * ''Tham Haeng Ariya'' (ธรรมแห่งอริยะ) * ''Nam Phrik'' (น้ำพริก) * ''Beng Hek Phu Thuk Kluen Thang Pen'' (เบ้งเฮ็ก ผู้ถูกกลืนทั้งเป็น; 2001 evised * ''Arokhaya'' (อโรคยา) * ''Sappha Sat'' (สรรพสัตว์) * ''Khon Khong Lok'' (คนของโลก; 1967) * ''Farang Sakdina'' (1957-1958) * ''M. R. Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom (Writings, Speeches, Interviews)'' 1983. Compiled by Vilas Manivat, Edited by Steve Van Beek. Editions Duang Kamol. * ''The King of Siam Speaks'', by

and Kukrit Pramoj :Most Thai were shocked by the portrayal of their revered nineteenth-century king,

, in the musical

The King and I ''The King and I'' is the fifth musical by the team of Rodgers and Hammerstein. It is based on Margaret Landon's novel '' Anna and the King of Siam'' (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the childre ...

. The stage and screen versions were based on Margaret Landon's 1944 book entitled Anna and the King of Siam. To correct the record, well-known Thai intellectuals Seni and Kukrit Pramoj wrote this account in 1948. The Pramoj brothers sent their manuscript to the American politician and diploma
Abbot Low Moffat (1901-1996)
who drew on it for his biography entitled ''Mongkut the King of Siam'' (1961) . Moffat donated the Pramoj manuscript to the United States Library of Congress in 1961

Translations

* ''

Jonathan Livingston Seagull ''Jonathan Livingston Seagull'', written by American author Richard Bach and illustrated with black-and-white photographs shot by Russell Munson, is a fable in novella form about a seagull who is trying to learn about life and flight, and a homi ...

'' by

Richard Bach Richard David Bach (born June 23, 1936) is an American writer. He has written numerous works of fiction and also non-fiction flight-related titles. His works include ''Jonathan Livingston Seagull'' (1970) and '' Illusions: The Adventures of a R ...

, translated as ''Jonathan Livingston Nang Nuan'' (จอนะธัน ลิวิงสตัน นางนวล; 1973)

Honours

National Honours

*: **

Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon

Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Illustrious

Order of Chula Chom Klao The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao ( th, เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จุลจอมเกล้า; ) was established on 16 November 1873 by King Chulalongkorn, Rama V of The Thailand, Kingdom of ...

** Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Exalted

Order of the White Elephant __NOTOC__ The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant ( th, เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นที่เชิดชูยิ่งช้างเผือก; ) is an order (decoration), orde ...

** Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble

Order of the Crown of Thailand The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand ( th, เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันมีเกียรติยศยิ่งมงกุฎไทย; ) is a Thai order, established in 1869 by King Rama ...

Order of Chula Chom Klao - 2nd Class upper (Thailand) ribbon

Knight Grand Commander (Second Class, Upper Grade) of The Most Illustrious

King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon

King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal, First Class ** Dushdi Mala - Civilian (Thailand)

Dushdi Mala Medal - Civilian

Foreign honours

*: ** Honorary Grand Commander of the

Order of the Defender of the Realm The Most Esteemed Order of the Defender of the Realm ( ms, Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara) is a Malaysian federal award presented for meritorious service to the country. The Order Motto are 'Dipeliharakan Allah-Pangkuan Negara' (By the Grace ...

(1975) *: ** MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of the Aztec Eagle The Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle ( es, Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca) forms part of the Mexican Honours System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners in the country. History It was created by decree on December 29, 193 ...

*: **

PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Grand Collar BAR

Grand Collar of the

Order of Sikatuna The Order of Sikatuna ( fil, Orden ng Sikatuna) is the national order of diplomatic merit of the Republic of the Philippines. It is conferred upon individuals who have rendered exceptional and meritorious services to the Republic of the Philippin ...

*: **

PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Cross BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of Prince Henry The Order of Prince Henry ( pt, Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of ...

* **

Grand Cross of the

Order of Civil Merit The Order of Civil Merit ( es, Orden del Mérito Civil) was established by King Alfonso XIII of Spain in 1926. The order recognizes "the civic virtue of officers in the service of the Nation, as well as extraordinary service by Spanish and fore ...

Academic rank

Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...

http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2514/D/141/2.PDF

Other awards

* : Recipient of the

Fukuoka Prize The is an award established by the city of Fukuoka and the Fukuoka City International Foundation (formerly The Yokatopia Foundation) to honor the outstanding work of individuals or organizations in preserving or creating Asian culture. There are ...

, 1990

References

External links

Chinese Ink In SE Asia, Interesting facts about Chinese in SEA

* ttp://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=bangkok@21&cur_section=sig&property_id=419561 Sights & Activities {{DEFAULTSORT:Pramoj, Kukrit

Kukrit Pramoj Mom Rajawongse Kukrit Pramoj ( th, คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช, , ; 20 April 1911 – 9 October 1995) was a Thai politician, scholar and professor. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand 1973–1974. He was t ...

Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford People educated at Trent College

Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1911 births 1995 deaths

Biography

Achievements

Acting career

M.R. Kukrit Heritage Home

Literary Works

Literary career

Novels

Plays

Collected short stories and essays

Non-fiction

Translations

Honours

National Honours

Foreign honours

Academic rank

Other awards

See also

References

External links