A kuguacin is one of several
chemical compounds isolated from the
bitter melon
''Momordica charantia'' (commonly called bitter melon; Goya; bitter apple; bitter gourd; bitter squash; balsam-pear; with many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Afri ...
vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
) by
J.-C. Chen and others.
[Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-Tang Zheng, Liu-Meng Yang, Xian-Min Zhang, Lin Zhou and Zhong-Rong Li (2009), "Kuguacins F–S, cucurbitane triterpenoids from ''Momordica charantia''". ''Phytochemistry'', volume 70, issue 1, pages 133-140 ]
Kuguacins are
cucurbitacins, formally derived from the
triterpene hydrocarbon cucurbitane. They include:
*
Kuguacin A A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in Chinese) by J.-C. Chen and others.Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-Tang Zheng, Liu-Meng Yang, Xian-M ...
[
* Kuguacin B][
* ]Kuguacin C A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in Standard Chinese, Chinese) by Jian-Chao Chen, J.-C. Chen and others.Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-T ...
[
* Kuguacin D][
* Kuguacin E][J. C. Chen, R. R. Tian, M. H. Qiu, L. Lu, Y. T. Zheng, Z. Q. Zhang (2008), "Trinorcucurbitane and cucurbitane triterpenoids from the roots of ''Momordica charantia''." ''Phytochemistry'', volume 69, pages 1043–1048]
* Kuguacin F: ; 47 mg/kg, needles, melts at 275–276 °C [
* Kuguacin G: ; 23 mg/kg, needles, melts at 250–252 °C ][
* Kuguacin H: ; 27 mg/kg, needles, melts at 226–228 °C ][
* Kuguacin I: ; 20 mg/kg, needles, melts at 235–237 °C ][
* Kuguacin J: ; 243 mg/kg, powder, melts at 166–169 °C ][
* Kuguacin K: ; 130 mg/kg, powder, melts at 275–277 °C ][
* Kuguacin L: ; 30 mg/kg, needles, melts at 320–321 °C ][
* Kuguacin M: ; 7 mg/kg, needles, melts at 332–333 °C ][
* ]Kuguacin N A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in Chinese) by J.-C. Chen and others.Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-Tang Zheng, Liu-Meng Yang, Xian-Mi ...
: ; 247 mg/kg, powder, melts at 140–143 °C [
* Kuguacin O: ; 20 mg/kg, needles, melts at 267–269 °C ][
* Kuguacin P: ; 293 mg/kg, prisms, melts at 229–231 °C ][
* ]Kuguacin Q A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in Chinese) by J.-C. Chen and others.Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-Tang Zheng, Liu-Meng Yang, Xian-Mi ...
: ; 11 mg/kg, needles, melts at 219–221 °C [
* ]Kuguacin R A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in Chinese) by J.-C. Chen and others.Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-Tang Zheng, Liu-Meng Yang, Xian-Mi ...
: ; 1357 mg/kg [
* ]Kuguacin S A kuguacin is one of several chemical compounds isolated from the bitter melon vine (''Momordica charantia'', ''kǔguā'' in Chinese) by J.-C. Chen and others.Jian-Chao Chen, Wu-Qing Liu, Lu Lu, Ming-Hua Qiu, Yong-Tang Zheng, Liu-Meng Yang, Xian-Mi ...
: ; 17 mg/kg, powder, melts at 174–177 °C [
Kuguacins F-S can be extracted with ethanol from the stems and leaves of ''M. charantia''. Kuguacins I, J, and Q are artifacts of the extraction process. Kuguacin R is obtained as mixture of two epimers. In this process one also obtains momordicine I,][M. Yasuda, M. Iwamoto, H. Okabe, T. Yamauchi (1984), "Structures of momordicines I, II and III, the bitter principles in the leaves and vines of ''Momordica charantia'' L. ''Chem. Pharm. Bull.'', volume 32, pages 2044–2047.] kuguacin E, 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19,25-triol,[Dulcie A. Mulholland, Vikash Sewram, Roy Osborne, Karl H. Pegel and Joseph D. Connolly (1997), "Cucurbitane triterpenoids from the leaves of ''Momordica foetida''." ''Phytochemistry'', volume 45, issue 2, pages 391-395. ] karavilagenin D,[H. Matsuda, S. Nakamura, T. Murakami, M. Yoshikawa (2007). "Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpenes and glycosides, karavilagenins D and E, and karavilosides VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI, from the fruit of ''Momordica charantia''." ''Heterocycles'',volume 71, pages 331–341.] 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,(23E)-dien-19-al,[Majekodunmi Fatope, Yoshio Takeda, Hiroyasu Yamashita, Hikaru Okabe, and Tatsuo Yamauchi (1990), ''New cucurbitane triterpenoids from ''Momordica charantia''." ''Journal of Natural Products'', volume 53, issue 6, pages 1491-1497.] and 3β,7β-dihydroxy-25-methoxycucurbita-5,(23E)-dien-19-al[ In vitro tests showed weak anti-HIV activity for kuguacins F-S, especially kuguacin Q and kuguacin S.][
]
References
{{Chemistry index
Steroids