Chervonohrad ( uk, Червоноград, ; former

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

name: ''Krystynopol'', uk, Кристинопіль, 'Krystynopil', german: Krisnipolye) is a mining city and the administrative center of

Chervonohrad Raion Chervonohrad Raion ( uk, Червоноградський район) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is the city of C ...

Lviv Oblast Lviv Oblast ( uk, Льві́вська о́бласть, translit=Lvivska oblast, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna ( uk, Льві́вщина, ), ). The name of each oblast is a wikt:Appendix:Glossary#relational, relational adjective—in Englis ...

of western

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. It hosts the administration of

Chervonohrad urban hromada Chervonohrad ( uk, Червоноград, ; former Polish language, Polish name: ''Krystynopol'', uk, Кристинопіль, 'Krystynopil', german: Krisnipolye) is a mining town, mining city and the administrative center of Chervonohrad Raion ...

, one of the

hromada A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...

s of Ukraine. Chervonohrad lies about 62 km north of

Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...

, 7 km from

Sokal Sokal ( uk, Сокаль, romanized: ''Sokal'') is a city located on the Bug River in Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Sokal urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is appro ...

, 28 km northeast of the town of

Voroniv Voroniv ( uk, Воронів; pl, Woronów), is a selo located in western Ukraine. It is part of the Chervonohrad Raion, Lviv Oblast, and is situated approximately 10 km from the western border with Poland. Voroniv belongs to Belz urban hromada ...

, and has a population of

History

The city was part of the Polish Kingdom in the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

since its foundation in 1692 until 1772, when it was incorporated into the

Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

. During the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...

, it belonged to the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...

, and between 1945 and 1951 was part of the

Polish People's Republic The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million nea ...

. It passed from Poland to the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

after the territorial exchange in 1951 and had its name changed to Chervonohrad. In May 1685, the Crown hetman and

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

Voivode Voivode (, also spelled ''voievod'', ''voevod'', ''voivoda'', ''vojvoda'' or ''wojewoda'') is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the me ...

Feliks Kazimierz Potocki Feliks Kazimierz "Szczęsny" Potocki (1630–1702) was a Polish noble, magnate and military leader. He was the son of Hetman and magnate Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki and Zofia Kalinowska, and brother of Hetman Andrzej Potocki. He married the ...

purchased land along the

Bug River uk, Західний Буг be, Захо́дні Буг , name_etymology = , image = Wyszkow_Bug.jpg , image_size = 250 , image_caption = Bug River in the vicinity of Wyszków, Poland , map = Vi ...

. In 1692, he founded a city on the lands of the village "Novyi Dvir" (literally "New Garden", Polish: Nowy Dwór) and named it "Krystynopol" after his wife Krystyna Lubomirska (the

suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry ...

"-pol" derives from

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

polis ''Polis'' (, ; grc-gre, πόλις, ), plural ''poleis'' (, , ), literally means "city" in Greek. In Ancient Greece, it originally referred to an administrative and religious city center, as distinct from the rest of the city. Later, it also ...

"). Potocki made the city his family center. He died here on September 22, 1702. His grandson

Franciszek Salezy Potocki Franciszek Salezy Potocki (1700–1772) was a Polish nobleman, diplomat, politician and knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded on August 3, 1750 in Warsaw. Potocki was the wealthiest magnate of his time and the owner of large propert ...

built a palace and in 1763 founded a monastery of Basilians (barocco church of Saint George; prior to 1946 – a place of miracles with wondrous icon of the

Mother of God ''Theotokos'' (Greek: ) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity. The usual Latin translations are ''Dei Genitrix'' or ''Deipara'' (approximately "parent (fem.) of God"). Familiar English translations are " ...

In the 19th century, the " Apostolus Christinopolitanus" and famous chronicle from 1763 to 1779 were kept in the city. The Catholic order of Myrrh-Bearing Sisters was founded by Fr. Yulian Datsii in 1910, with the purpose of gathering funds to build a home for orphans and the poor. The first members of the congregation vowed to build two buildings: one for the people and one for the congregation. In 1913 the first convent arose, where 15 sisters lived. Among the landmarks of the city is Count Potocki's palace, constructed by the order of Feliks Kazimierz Potocki after 1692. A local newspaper is published in the city since June 1962. On August 1, 1990, Chervonohrad became the first city in the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

where a monument to

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

was removed. Until 18 July 2020, Chervonohrad was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to

Chervonohrad Municipality Chervonohrad ( uk, Червоноград, ; former Polish language, Polish name: ''Krystynopol'', uk, Кристинопіль, 'Krystynopil', german: Krisnipolye) is a mining town, mining city and the administrative center of Chervonohrad Raion ...

. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, Chervonohrad Municipality was merged into newly established Chervonohrad Raion. Before being abolished, Chervonohrad Municipality also included the city of

Sosnivka Sosnivka ( uk, Соснівка, pl, Sosnówka) is a city in Chervonohrad Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after ...

(until 2019) and the urban type settlement of Hirnyk.

Krystynopol Jews

Presently, there are 11–100

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

residing in Chervonohrad. The earliest known Jewish community dates back to 1740. In 1931 the Jewish population was 2,200. The Jewish cemetery dates from 18th century with the last known

Hasidic Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contem ...

burial in 1941. Krystynopol Jews were deported to the

Belzec extermination camp Belzec (English: or , Polish: ) was a Nazi German extermination camp built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to murder all Polish Jews, a major part of the "Final Solution" which in total ...

in September, 1942. The Jewish surname and rabbinical family Kristinopoler / Kristianpoller stem from the city's former name, Krystynopol. Jewish immigrants to America from this city founded the Krystenopoler Synagogue and First Krystenopoler Sick Benevolent Association Brith Isaac in New York. The Jewish cemetery is located in the town center, in Shevska Street.

Economics

Since 1951 the city became the center of newly emerged coal mining basin. Other enterprises, besides the mining works, include: * Iron-Beton Foundry * Wood Processing Plant * Tailoring Factory * Stockings Factory * Mines * Dairy

Chervonohrad Coal Mines

Chervonohrad was started as a coal mining town. Currently, there are still many functional coal mines on the outskirts around the city: # Шахта «Червоноградська» # Шахта «Великомостівська» # Шахта «Межирічанська» # Шахта «Надія» # Шахта «Степова» # Шахта «Лісова» # Шахта «Відродження» # Шахта «Зарічна» # Шахта «Візейська»

Education

* Branch of Lviv National Polytechnic University * Mining College

Population

The population of Chervonohrad has increased significantly since 1939. * 1939 — * 1959 — * 1970 — * 1974 — * 1981 — * 1989 — * 2001 — * 2005 — * 2010 — * 2013 —

Notable people

* Janina Hurynowicz (1894–1967) a Polish doctor, neurophysiologist and neurologist. *

MamaRika Anastasia Oleksandrivna Kochetova ( uk, Анастасія Олекса́ндрівна Кочетова; born 13 April 1989), known by her stage name MamaRika and previously Erika, is a Ukrainian singer and actress. Early life Kochetova was b ...

(born 1989) a Ukrainian singer and actress. *

(1700–1772) a Polish nobleman, diplomat and politician. *

Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki Count Stanisław Szczęsny Feliks Potocki (; 1751–1805), of the Piława coat of arms, known as Szczęsny PotockiE. Rostworowski, Potocki Stanisław Szczęsny (Feliks) herbu Pilawa, n:Polski Słownik Biograficzny, t. XXVIII, Wrocław–Warszawa� ...

(1751–1805) a member of the Polish nobility and a military commander. *

Frank Taffel Frank Taffel (né Shrage Fyvel Tafel, Chervonohrad#Krystynopol Jews, Krystynopol, then Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia, Austria-Hungary, now Chervonohrad, Ukraine, March 10, 1877; died 7 July 1947, Savannah, Georgia, age 70) was a journalist, a f ...

(1877-1947) a journalist, a founder of the

Congregation Beth Jacob (Atlanta) Congregation Beth Jacob is an Orthodox Jewish congregation located at 1855 Lavista Road in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is Atlanta's largest Orthodox congregation. The synagogue first held services in fall 1942 for traditional Jews living ...

* Volodymyr Tykhyi (born 1970) a Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and film producer of documentaries and feature films.

Sport

* Volodymyr Dykyi (1962–2021) a Soviet and Ukrainian footballer with over 500 club caps * Roman Hnativ (born 1973) a former Soviet and Ukrainian footballer with 354 club caps *

Tetyana Klimchenko Tetyana Igorivna Klimchenko ( uk, Тетя́на І́горівна Клі́мченко; born 8 May 1994) is a Ukrainian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team . She rode at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling Wo ...

(born 1994) a Ukrainian professional racing cyclist *

Nazar Kulchytskyy Nazar Kulchytskyy ( uk, Назар Кульчицький, Nazar Kulchytski; born June 3, 1992) is a Ukrainian-American retired freestyle and folkstyle wrestler, who currently coaches at Team Nazar Training Center. In Ukraine, he was a five-tim ...

(born 1992) a Ukrainian-American retired freestyle and folkstyle wrestler * Mykola Morozyuk (born 1988) a Ukrainian footballer with over 330 club caps

Postal codes

80100-80110

References

External links

*
History of Krystynopol-Chervonograd

Inform Agency «KRYSTYNOPIL.INFO»

Chervonograd Night

History and pictures of Chervonograd

Short history of Rome Catholic Church in Cherwonograd (Krystynopil)

Holy Spirit Roman Catholic Church in Chervonograd

Chervonohrad Online

Business of Chervonohrad
{{Authority control Cities in Lviv Oblast Mining cities and regions in Ukraine Cities of regional significance in Ukraine 1690s establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Lwów Voivodeship Holocaust locations in Ukraine Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust Socialist planned cities