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The Kronshtadt Orion is a family of Russian
unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controller ...
s (UAV) developed by Kronstadt Group. There are several variants of the drone, both for Russia's domestic and export market.
Development
Kronstadt began the development of Orion in 2011 as part of the Russian MoD-funded Inokhodets programme. In 2013-2015, the company revealed the first layout of the Orion. In May 2016, RIA Novosti reported that test flights of the drone had begun. On 24 August 2021, it was reported that the Russian MoD and Kronshtadt signed a deal for the procurement of 5 combat groups of an upgraded version of Orion, Inokhodets-RU (also known as Sirius). Each group will have several drones; delivery is scheduled for 2023. The large-scale Russian-Belarusian exercise Zapad in September 2021 included Orion drones.Operational history
According to Russian Defense MinisterSergei Shoigu
Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, ; tyv, Сергей Күжүгет оглу Шойгу, translit=Sergey Kyzhyget oglu Shoygu, . (russian: Сергей Кужугетович Шойгу; born 21 May 1955) is a Russian politician who has served as ...
, the Orion was tested for strike missions in 2019 in Syria. In 2020, the Russian Defence Ministry
The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (russian: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) is the govern ...
received the first batch of Orion drones for trial operation.
By 9 April during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
, there was video confirmation of Orion performing six successful strikes on Ukrainian vehicles, however the first combat loss of a drone was reported on 7 April.
Variants
;Orion (Inokhodets) :Original version, also known as . Can carry four guided bombs or four missiles and has a maximum payload of 200 kg. ;Orion-E :Export version of the Orion. Export contracts for the reconnaissance version of the drone have been signed. ;Orion-2 (Helios) :Also known as ''Helios'', the Orion-2 is a larger version of the original Orion, with a bigger payload, classified as ahigh-altitude long-endurance
Atmospheric satellite (United States usage, abbreviated atmosat) or pseudo-satellite (British usage) is a marketing term for an aircraft that operates in the atmosphere at high altitudes for extended periods of time, in order to provide servic ...
(HALE) UAV, rather than the medium-altitude long-endurance
A medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle flies at an altitude window of 10,000 to 30,000 feet (3,000–9,000 m) for extended durations of time, typically 24 to 48 hours.https://www.leonardocompany.com/en/products/falco-xplorer This ...
(MALE) classification of the original Orion. It weighs 5 tonnes (11,000 pounds) with a wingspan of 30 meters (98.42 feet). It is intended for autonomous operations of up to 30 hours, at altitudes above 10,000 meters. A full scale mock-up was unveiled on August 27, 2020, at the Kronstadt pilot plant. The first flight is planned for 2023. There is also an export version of Orion-2.
;Inokhodets-RU (Sirius)
:Also known as ''Sirius'', the Inokhodets-RU is an upgraded variant of the Orion with a bigger and different design, the key difference being twin engines. Sirius is a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) attack UAV, with a wingspan of 30m, length of 9m and height of 3.3m, a maximum combat load of 450kg, cruise speed of 295km/h, maximum altitude 12,000m, and an endurance of 40 hours. A full-size mock-up of the 5 tonne drone was presented at the MAKS-2019 International Aviation and Space Exposition held at Zhukovsky International Airport near Moscow, Russia. First flight is expected for 2022, to enter service in 2023. Inokhodets-RU has been tested jointly with piloted aircraft as of August 2022.
Specifications (Orion-E)
See also
*Sokol Altius
The Sokol Altius is a medium-altitude long-endurance Russian unmanned combat aerial vehicle developed by OKB Sokol (formerly known as Simonov Design Bureau) and Tranzas to perform reconnaissance, strike and electronic attack missions on behalf of ...
*Luch Korsar
The Luch Korsar (russian: Корсар, en, label=, 'Corsair') is a medium-weight Russian unmanned aerial vehicle developed by OKB Luch, member of Ruselectronics owned by Rostec, to perform reconnaissance, strike and electronic attack missions on ...
*Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B
The Sukhoi S-70 ''Okhotnik-B'' (russian: Сухой С-70 "Охотник", , Hunter), also referred to as ''Hunter-B'', is a Russian stealth heavy unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) being developed by Sukhoi and Russian Aircraft Corporatio ...
References
Unmanned military aircraft of Russia Aircraft first flown in 2019 2010s Russian military aircraft {{UAV-stub