Kristian Schreiner (29 July 1874 – 3 May 1957) was a Norwegian professor of medicine. He was born in

Ekeberg Ekeberg is a neighborhood in the city of Oslo, Norway. The Norway Cup soccer tournament takes place at Ekebergsletta every summer. "Sletta" means "the plain". The painting "The Scream" by Edvard Munch is painted from Utsikten ("the view"), a p ...

as a son of wholesaler Christian Emil Schreiner (1829–1879) and Bethy Gerhardine Bødtker (1832–1910). He was a relative of educator Emil Schreiner. In September 1900 he married Alette Falch. They had a son

Johan Schreiner Johan Christian Schreiner (25 May 1903 – 8 October 1967) was a Norwegian historian. He was a professor at the University of Oslo, and his speciality was the Middle Ages. Personal life He was born in Drøbak as a son of historian Kristia ...

, and through another son Fredrik Schreiner they had the grandson

Per Schreiner Per Schreiner (14 July 1932 – 28 October 2005) was a Norwegian economist and civil servant. He was born in Oslo as a son of Fredrik Schreiner (1905–1988) and Signy Rønneberg (1903–1983). He was a grandson of Kristian and Alette Schreiner ...

. He took his

examen artium Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1 ...

in 1892 and graduated with the

cand.med. Candidate of Medicine ( la, candidatus medicinae (male), ''candidata medicinae'' (female), abbreviated cand. med.) is an academic degree awarded in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway following a six-year medical school education. Medical students in ...

degree in 1899. He then studied

histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vis ...

embryology Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, ''embryon'', "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, '' -logia'') is the branch of animal biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and ...

and

cytology Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and ...

for one year in

Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River. Würzburg is ...

, one year in

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

and half a year in

Liège Liège ( , , ; wa, Lîdje ; nl, Luik ; german: Lüttich ) is a major city and municipality of Wallonia and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from b ...

. He took the dr.med. degree already in 1902 with the German-language thesis ''Über die Entwicklung der Amniotennier''. He became a

research fellow A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a pr ...

at the

Royal Frederick University The University of Oslo ( no, Universitetet i Oslo; la, Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the highest ranked and oldest university in Norway. It is consistently ranked among the top universit ...

in 1904, and was promoted to

prosector A prosector is a person with the special task of preparing a dissection for demonstration, usually in medical schools or hospitals. Many important anatomists began their careers as prosectors working for lecturers and demonstrators in anatomy and p ...

in 1906 and professor in 1908. He conducted research together with his wife, and they released textbooks on the human organism for university students in three volumes between 1918 and 1921, and a textbook for school students in 1923. Schreiner later became more involved in

physical anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct Hominini, hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly ...

. In 1929 he released the work ''Die Somatologie der Norweger nach Untersuchungen an Rekruten'' together with

Halfdan Bryn Halfdan Bryn (20 May 1864 – 5 March 1933) was a Norwegian physician and physical anthropologist. Early life Bryn was born in Trondheim, Norway, the son of physician Thomas Bryn (1813–1902) and Kristine Emilie Karoline Richter (1826–1869). H ...

. However Schreiner did not delve into

racial hygiene The term racial hygiene was used to describe an approach to eugenics in the early 20th century, which found its most extensive implementation in Nazi Germany (Nazi eugenics). It was marked by efforts to avoid miscegenation, analogous to an animal ...

. He was fired by the Nazi occupants of Norway, and was also imprisoned in

Grini concentration camp '', '' no, Grini fangeleir'', location=Bærum, Viken, Norway, location map=Viken#Norway, built by=Norway, original use=Constructed as a women's prison, operated by=Nazi Germany, notable inmates= List of Grini prisoners, liberated by=Harry Söderma ...

from September 12, 1941 to July 3, 1942, because of "resistance to a German decree". His son Johan was imprisoned too.Giertsen, ed 1946: p. 330 After the end of the occupation, Schreiner rounded off his career as professor from spring to autumn 1945. His last book of importance came in 1946: the second volume of ''Crania Norvegica'', the first volume of which came in 1939. He died in May 1957 in Oslo.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schreiner, Kristian 1874 births 1957 deaths Physicians from Oslo Norwegian people of German descent University of Oslo alumni Academic staff of the University of Oslo Norwegian medical researchers Norwegian anthropologists Physical anthropologists Grini concentration camp survivors