Kreuzwertheim

Kreuzwertheim () is a market town in the Main-Spessart district in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (municipal association) of Kreuzwertheim. It has around 3,800 inhabitants.

Geography

Location

The municipality lies on the right bank of the river Main on the edge of the Spessart, across the river from the town of Wertheim in Baden-Württemberg.

Constituent communities

Kreuzwertheim's ''Ortsteile'' are (with year of amalgamation and rough population figures):

* Kreuzwertheim, 2,844
* Unterwittbach, 1977, 207
* Wiebelbach, 1972, 201
* Röttbach, 1978, 569

The municipality has the following ''Gemarkungen'' (traditional rural cadastral areas): Kreuzwertheim, Röttbach, Unterwittbach, Wiebelbach.

History

Prehistoric

As witnessed by finds of stone hatchets, human settlement in the municipal area goes as far back as the Stone Age. The first known description of the settlement names ''Werdheim'', which can be taken to mean "homestead on the safe riverbank", referring to the community's location on the Main.

Medieval

The municipality's first documentary mention came (quite likely) as early as 779 (as one of the Fulda Abbey's outlying holdings). ''Werdheim'' developed into the mother parish for the southeastern Spessart area, which itself was first overseen by the Bishop of Würzburg. In 1009 the town was conferred of market rights by King Heinrich II.

From the early 12th century, one branch of the Reginbodo noble family was naming itself after Wertheim. This family had a new defensive complex built on the Main's left bank, whereby, under this new protection, a new settlement arose, which soon took the name ''Werdheim''. In 1192, today's town of Wertheim (across the river) was first mentioned as ''Suburbium castri Wertheim''. About 1200 this was described as an ''oppidum'' (town) and in 1244 as a ''civitas''.

Since this time, a new name has been found to better distinguish the municipality from the one just across the river, one that refers to the stone cross (''Kreuz'' in German) on the marketplace. It was thereafter called ''Crucwertheim'', ''Heiligen-Creuzeswertheim'' or also simply ''Creütz''. After Wertheim was granted town rights in 1306, its counterpart across the Main slid into steep decline.

In 1368, Kreuzwertheim was awarded the right to coin silver ''Pfennige''.

Modern

In 1736, the ''Schloss'' at Kreuzwertheim is built as a dowager house for the Countess of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort und Virneburg.

The former '' Amt'' of the Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg was mediatized in favour of Prince Primate von Dalberg's Principality of Aschaffenburg in 1803 and passed in 1814 with this short-lived principality (by this time it had become a department of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt) to the Kingdom of Bavaria.

Demographics

Within town limits, 3,186 inhabitants were counted in 1970, 3,562 in 1987 and in 2000 3,850.

Economy

According to official statistics, there were 1,046 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls working in producing businesses in 1998. In trade and transport this was 0. In other areas, 150 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls were employed, and 1,434 such workers worked from home. There was one processing business. Eight businesses were in construction, and furthermore, in 1999, there were 17 agricultural operations with a working area of 305 ha, of which 295 ha was cropland and 7 ha was meadowland.

Municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €2,842,000 (converted), of which net business taxes amounted to €1,021,000.

What is today the ''Spessart-Brauerei'' was founded in 1809. In 1884, the Lutz family took it over. ''Lutz-Brauerei'' received its current name in 1975.

Governance

Mayors

*since 2014 Klaus H. Thoma (independent, but nominated by CSU/Freie Wählervereinigung)
*1996—2014 Horst E. Fuhrmann, CSU
*1984—1996 Christa Schoenberg, CSU
*1978—1984 Gerald Amarell, Freie Wählervereinigung
*1972—1978 Hans Schneider, CSU (d. 1978)
*1945—1972 Philipp Günzelmann, SPD
*1925—1945 Georg Fröber
*1906—1925 Andreas Dinkel
*1888—1905 Georg M. Fröber

Coat of arms

The community's arms might be described thus: Per fess in chief argent a Celtic cross barby issuant from the line of partition sable, in base azure three roses of the first seeded Or.

The municipality's oldest surviving seal dates from 1600, and it, too, bore the Celtic cross in reference to the one that still stands in the marketplace. The municipality's current arms, conferred in 1958, still bear this charge in the upper half of the escutcheon, and in the lower half are the arms once borne by the Counts of Wertheim.Origin/meaning of Kreuzwertheim’s arms
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Attractions

Historic monuments include the church square(Kirchplatz) with its still preserved market cross and well, the historic house located at Kirchplatz-4 built in the mid-1500's and surrounding back alleys and lanes. The old fortress church, the Schultheiß (mayor) Peter Herrschaft's house (built in 1594), the well and the remnants of the old fortifications. Moreover, the ''Schloss'' (palace) still serves as the Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg princely family's seat today. In addition, two of the original four towers; Hauptstrasse turm(tower) and Pfargasse turm(tower)that were part of the wall fortification that encircled the old town during medieval times, are still present.

Education

*Kindergartens: 2 (150 places with 133 children)
*Primary school (1st-2nd class)
*Primary school and Hauptschule (3rd-9th class)

Notable people

* (1880–1950), clergyman and politician ( DDP), Member of the Bavarian Landtag

Peter Hofmann (3 Dec. 1910- 13 March 1989) Peter Hofmannn was the oldest of three siblings: Suzanne Hofmann(Furst)1912-1999 and Ludwig Hofmann 1914-1987? Peter served as soldier in the German army from 1939-1945. Initially he was inducted into the 14 Kompanie infantrie Regiment 245 als Kraftfahrer (vehicle driver/operator) stationed on the Normandy Peninsula and served as a driver for an officer. In 1940 while on the Normandy peninsula he was transferred to the Fahrbereitschaft Armee Oberkommander 9. In April of 1941 his unit was transferred to the Eastern Front. In May of 1941 Peter Hofmann(Kreuzwertheim a/M) is again transferred, to the ("Nachrichtenabteilung zur 9 Armee als Chef-Fahrer fur Oberst Kleinschroth aus Munchen"). Peter Hofmann was present during the invasion of the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, June 22, 1941, and fought at the Dnieper-Carpathian offensive December 24, 1943. Peter Hofmann served on the Eastern Front until the end of the War. After the War he returned to Kreuzwertheim a/M and opened a Gasthaus-(Cafe Sepple 1949 to 1975). Peter Hofmann was Beekeeper, and avid historian and collector. He was instrumental in the preservation and conservation of local landmarks(Der Hauptstrasse Turm in Kreuzwertheim).

References

External links

Community’s official webpage


Unterwittbach


Wiebelbach

{{Authority control
Main-Spessart