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Kreuzlingen is a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality ...
in the district of Kreuzlingen in the
canton Canton may refer to: Administrative division terminology * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries, notably Switzerland * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and ent ...
of
Thurgau Thurgau (; french: Thurgovie; it, Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, more formally the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts and its capital is Frauenfeld. Thurgau is pa ...
in north-eastern Switzerland. It is the seat of the district and is the second-largest city of the canton, after Frauenfeld, with a population of about 22,000. Together with the adjoining city of
Konstanz Konstanz (, , locally: ; also written as Constance in English) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was ...
just across the border in
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...
, Kreuzlingen is part of the largest conurbation on Lake Constance with a population of almost 120,000.


History

The name of the municipality stems from the Augustinian monastery ''Crucelin'', later Kreuzlingen Abbey. It was founded in 1125 by the Bishop of Constance Ulrich I. In the
Swabian War The Swabian War of 1499 ( gsw, Schwoobechrieg (spelling depending on dialect), called or ("Swiss War") in Germany and ("War of the Engadin") in Austria) was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Hab ...
and the
30 Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...
after the siege of Constance by
Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
troops, the Augustinian monastery was burned down by the people of Constance, who blamed the monks for having supported the enemy. In 1650, the monastery was rebuilt in its present location. With secularization in 1848, the buildings became a teachers' school. The chapel became a Catholic Church. The area was already settled during the
Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
.
Celt The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancien ...
ic and Roman coins and artifacts testify of continued settlement. Kurzrickenbach is first mentioned as ''Rihinbah'' in 830, Egelshofen as ''Eigolteshoven'' in 1125, and Emmishofen as ''Eminshoven'' in 1159. The territory of the municipality, except for the Augustinian monastery, belonged to the Bishop of Constance. When the ''Eidgenossen'' conquered Thurgau in 1460 and further with the
Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and i ...
, the ties to the neighboring city loosened. Until the beginning of the 19th century, the present center of Kreuzlingen was still largely agricultural. The first steamboats began to operate on Lake Constance in 1824. The first train line to Romanshorn was finished in 1871, and the second to Etzwilen in 1875. This brought commerce and industry to the region. In 1874, the municipality of Egelshofen was renamed ''Kreuzlingen'' and became the capital of the district, instead of Gottlieben. It reached its present size with the incorporation of Kurzrickenbach in 1927 and Emmishofen in 1928. However, until
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
, Kreuzlingen was a kind of suburb of Constance. Most of its industry was in the hands of German firms. The war made Kreuzlingen more independent. In 1947 Kreuzlingen passed the mark of 10,000 residents, thus becoming according to Swiss statistical convention a
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than city, cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares ...
. The Sanatorium of Bellevue (1857–1980), which occupied part of the old monastery, played an important role in the history of Kreuzlingen. In 1842, Ignaz Vanotti from Constance bought a large tract of land and built a residential and commercial building in 1843 to house the emigrant press of Bellevue, which had previously been located in Römerburg. In 1857, Ludwig Binswanger, a psychiatrist from Münsterlingen acquired the property and opened a private sanatorium. The clinic was very modern and remained in the control of the Binswanger family for nearly 120 years. Important psychiatric advances, particularly under the founder's grandson, also called Ludwig Binswanger, especially in the development of
existential psychotherapy Existential psychotherapy is a form of psychotherapy based on the model of human nature and experience developed by the existential tradition of European philosophy. It focuses on concepts that are universally applicable to human existence incl ...
, were made at the sanatorium. However, few of its buildings remain.


Geography

Kreuzlingen has an area, , of . Of this area, or 27.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 28.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 42.4% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.0% is either rivers or lakes and or 1.1% is unproductive land.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics
2009 data accessed 25 March 2010
Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 22.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.7%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 5.3% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 8.4%. Out of the forested land, 26.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 25.1% is used for growing crops, while 2.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes. Of the unproductive areas, 1.1% is unproductive vegetation and . The municipality is located in the Kreuzlingen district on the border with the
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
city of
Konstanz Konstanz (, , locally: ; also written as Constance in English) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was ...
. It is located on Lake Constance where it narrows to form the ''Untersee'', bordering with Konstanz in Germany. It is halfway between
Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (; gsw, Schafuuse; french: Schaffhouse; it, Sciaffusa; rm, Schaffusa; en, Shaffhouse) is a town with historic roots, a municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of the same name; it has an estimat ...
and
Rorschach Rorschach may refer to: * Hermann Rorschach, a Swiss psychiatrist ** Rorschach test, his psychological evaluation method involving inkblots * Rorschach (character), a character from the comics ''Watchmen'' * Rorschach (comic book), a 2020 comic * ...
on a slightly southward-dipping west–east axis. It consists of the former villages of Bernrain, Egelshofen, Emmishofen and Kurzrickenbach.


Demographics

Kreuzlingen has a population () of . , 48.1% of the population are foreign nationals.Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008
accessed 19 June 2010
Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 2.2%. Most of the population () speaks
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
(79.7%), with Italian being second most common (5.2%) and Albanian being third (3.8%).Swiss Federal Statistical Office
accessed 26-September-2010
, the gender distribution of the population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population was made up of 4,409 Swiss men (23.8% of the population), and 4,715 (25.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,208 Swiss women (28.1%), and 4,194 (22.6%) non-Swiss women. In there were 73 live births to Swiss citizens and 95 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 137 deaths of Swiss citizens and 29 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 64 while the foreign population increased by 66. There was 1 Swiss man, 2 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 299 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 263 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 168 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 442 people. This represents a
population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...
of 1.5%. The age distribution, , in Kreuzlingen is; 1,651 children or 8.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,908 teenagers or 10.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 2,753 people or 14.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 2,588 people or 13.7% are between 30 and 39, 3,201 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 2,536 people or 13.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 2,076 people or 11.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,393 people or 7.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 712 people or 3.8% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 115 people or 0.6% who are 90 and older. , there were 7,643 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. there were 1,233 single-family homes (or 58.4% of the total) out of a total of 2,111 inhabited buildings. There were 196 two-family buildings (9.3%), 148 three-family buildings (7.0%) and 534 multi-family buildings (or 25.3%). There were 4,031 (or 23.5%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 7,659 (or 44.7%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 1,037 (or 6.1%) people who lived in a single-parent home, while there are 77 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 59 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 311 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 860 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.06%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 10.9 new units per 1000 residents. there were 8,707 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 2,694. There were 495 single room apartments and 652 apartments with six or more rooms.Statistical Office of Thurgau
, MS Excel document - ''Wohnungen nach Anzahl Zimmer und Gemeinden, Jahr 2000'' accessed 24 June 2010
the average price to rent an average apartment in Kreuzlingen was 1039.11 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$830, £470, €670 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 537.37 CHF (US$430, £240, €340), a two-room apartment was about 782.79 CHF (US$630, £350, €500), a three-room apartment was about 932.38 CHF (US$750, £420, €600) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1458.12 CHF (US$1170, £660, €930). The average apartment price in Kreuzlingen was 93.1% of the national average of 1116 CHF. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 35.92% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (17.41%), the CVP (16.13%) and the
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundati ...
(12.99%). In the federal election, a total of 3,633 votes were cast, and the
voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...
was 42.9%. The historical population is given in the following table: : Population of Egelshofen


Heritage sites of national significance

The Former Augustinian ''Chorherrenstift'' of St Ulrich, the former
granary A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain or animal feed. Ancient or primitive granaries are most often made of pottery. Granaries are often built above the ground to keep the stored food away from mice and other animal ...
and
wine press A winepress is a device used to extract juice from crushed grapes during wine making. There are a number of different styles of presses that are used by wine makers but their overall functionality is the same. Each style of press exerts contro ...
at ''Seeburgscheune'' and
Seeburg Castle Seeburg Castle is a castle in the municipality of Kreuzlingen of the Canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. See also * List of castles in Switzerland This list includes castles and fortresses in ...
are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The Untersee region is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites. File:StUlrich.JPG, St. Ulrich File:SeemuseumKreuzlingen.JPG, Seemuseum File:SeeburgKreuzlingen2.JPG, Seeburg Castle


Economy

, Kreuzlingen had an unemployment rate of 3.54%. , there were 92 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 20 businesses involved in this sector. 2,799 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 183 businesses in this sector. 6,042 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 821 businesses in this sector. there were 11,275 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 3,510 or about 31.1% of the residents worked outside Kreuzlingen while 4,725 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 12,490 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 8.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 48.2% used a private car. Earlier, the majority of the inhabitants made a living in the wine industry. However, because of diseases and bad harvests, the last wine grapes were raised in Kreuzlingen in 1938. Today, the local economy is largely commercial and manufacturing, with the largest employer being a clothing manufacturer. In the late 2010s, Kreuzlingen's downtown began to experience a dearth of shoppers as many of them, including buses from elsewhere in Switzerland that pass through the city, started crossing the border to shop in
Konstanz Konstanz (, , locally: ; also written as Constance in English) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was ...
instead, due to lower prices for basic items in Germany, a favorable exchange rate between the
euro The euro (symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
and the franc and a German VAT refund that allows shoppers from non-
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been ...
countries such as Switzerland to get back as much as a fifth of the price of the goods they buy. Elected officials from the city have asked the
national government A national government is the government of a nation. National government or National Government may also refer to: * Central government in a unitary state, or a country that does not give significant power to regional divisions * Federal governme ...
to negotiate a change in this policy with their German counterparts as they feel it is anti-competitive; at the same time some Konstanz residents, feeling displaced in their own hometown by the onslaught of Swiss on weekends, have opened businesses in Kreuzlingen that primarily cater to other Germans.


Religion

From the , 12,755 or 74.45% of the population were Christian. Of those 6,339 or 37.0% were
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
, while 5,313 or 31.0% belonged to the
Swiss Reformed Church The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), (EKS); french: Église évangélique réformée de Suisse (EERS); it, Chiesa evangelica riformata in Svizzera (CERiS); rm, Baselgia evangelica refurmada da la Svizra (BRRS) formerly named Federation o ...
. Of the rest of the population, there were 13 Old Catholics (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland there are 632 individuals (or about 3.69% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 458 individuals (or about 2.68% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 11 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who were
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
, and 2,064 (or about 12.06% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 111 individuals (or about 0.65% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 1,532 (or about 8.95% of the population) belong to no church, are
agnostic Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficie ...
or
atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
, and 645 individuals (or about 3.77% of the population) did not answer the question.


Education

In Kreuzlingen about 63.2% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory
upper secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final ph ...
or additional higher education (either university or a ''
Fachhochschule A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied ar ...
''). Kreuzlingen is home to the Kreuzlingen primary school district. It is also home to the Kreuzlingen secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there were 1,191 students in the primary school district. There were 290 children in the
kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...
, and the average class size was 17.06 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 146 or 50.3% were female, 163 or 56.2% were not Swiss citizens and 140 or 48.3% did not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years. There were 446 children in who were at the lower primary level and 455 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school was 17.15 students. At the lower primary level, there were 225 children or 50.4% of the total population who were female, 245 or 54.9% were not Swiss citizens and 218 or 48.9% did not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there were 224 or 49.2% who were female, 221 or 48.6% were not Swiss citizens and 217 or 47.7% did not speak German natively. In the secondary school district there are 622 students. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There were 318 teenagers who were in the advanced school, of which 179 or 56.3% were female, 93 or 29.2% were not Swiss citizens and 92 or 28.9% did not speak German natively. There were 274 teenagers who were in the standard school, of which 124 or 45.3% were female, 173 or 63.1% were not Swiss citizens and 174 or 63.5% did not speak German natively. Finally, there were 30 teenagers who were in special or remedial classes, of which 13 or 43.3% were female, 20 or 66.7% were not Swiss citizens and 20 or 66.7% did not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level was 19.73 students. The main library in Kreuzlingen is the ''Stadt- und Berufsschulbibliothek''. The library has () 22,870 books or other media, and loaned out 120,211 items in the same year. It was open a total of 290 days with average of 30 hours per week during that year.


Transportation

Kreuzlingen is a rail node, and also the northern terminus of the A7 motorway in Switzerland.


Sport

FC Kreuzlingen FC Kreuzlingen is a Swiss football club from the town of Kreuzlingen in Canton Thurgau, the German-speaking region of Switzerland. The team currently plays in 2. Liga Interregional. History * In 1934 the club gained promotion to the Swiss Supe ...
is the municipality's football club. Kreuzlingen has traditionally been one of Switzerland's hubs in
Water polo Water polo is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each. The game consists of four quarters in which the teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with t ...
. The SC Kreuzlingen won the Swiss Championship a total of 9 times.


Notable people

*
August Gremli August Gremli (15 March 1833 – 30 March 1899) was a Swiss physician and botanist born in Kreuzlingen. He studied medicine in Berlin and Munich, and afterwards, trained as a pharmacist in Karlsruhe. From 1876, he worked as a curator in the herbar ...
(1833–1899) a Swiss physician and botanist * Enrique Conrado Rebsamen Egloff (1857-1904) a Swiss Educator who set the foundations for elementary teachers college in Mexico Spanish Wiki, Enrique C. Rébsamen * Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966) a Swiss psychiatrist and pioneer in the field of existential psychology * Libero De Luca (1913–1998) a Swiss tenor of Italian descent particularly associated with the French repertory *
Armin Schibler Armin Schibler (Kreuzlingen am Bodensee, 20 November 1920 – Zurich, 7 September 1986) was a Swiss composer. Biography After attending high school in the town of Aarau, he studied music under Walter Frey and Paul Müller in Zurich. From 1942 t ...
(1920–1986) a Swiss composer, professor of music at the Zurich Literary School from 1944 *
Erich Peters Ernst Erich Otto Peters (March 11, 1920 – December 20, 2012) was a Swedish gymnast who competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He had his best individual finish in the men's parallel bars event, where he placed 74th. He also compe ...
(1920–2012) a Swedish gymnast who competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki *
Cesar Lüthi Cesar W. Lüthi (6 September 1930 – 18 July 2002) was a Swiss international sports marketing businessman. He was the founder of CWL Telesport and Marketing, and was involved with advertising for the International Ice Hockey Federation, the Ge ...
(1930–2002) a Swiss sports marketing businessman *
Timon Altwegg Timon Altwegg (born 18 May 1967) is a Swiss classical pianist who is known for playing chamber music in Europe and the Americas. Contemporary composers wrote music for him. Career He was born in Münsterlingen, Altwegg began his career studying ...
(born 1967) a Swiss classical pianist, known for playing chamber music * Claudio Imhof (born 1990) a Swiss track cyclist


References


External links

*https://web.archive.org/web/20200106185359/https://www.kreuzlingen.ch/ {{Authority control Populated places on Lake Constance Germany–Switzerland border crossings Cultural property of national significance in Thurgau