Krestetsky District (russian: Кресте́цкий райо́н) is an administrative
[Law #559-OZ] and municipal
[Law #351-OZ] district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
twenty-one in
Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast (russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, ''Novgorodskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, includin ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located in the center of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Malovishersky District
Malovishersky District (russian: Малови́шерский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #356-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and b ...
in the north,
Okulovsky District
Okulovsky District (russian: Оку́ловский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #355-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders wi ...
in the northeast,
Valdaysky District in the southeast,
Demyansky District
Demyansky District (russian: Демянский район) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #397-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Kre ...
in the south,
Parfinsky District
Parfinsky District (russian: Парфинский район) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #354-OZ district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Novgorod Oblast, twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in ...
in the southwest, and with
Novgorodsky District
Novgorodsky District (russian: Новгородский район) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #400-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borde ...
in the northwest. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
urban locality (a
work settlement) of
Kresttsy Kresttsy (russian: Крестцы) is the name of several types of inhabited localities in Russia, inhabited localities in Russia.
Urban localities
*Kresttsy, Krestetsky District, Novgorod Oblast, a urban-type settlement, work settlement in Krestet ...
.
Population: 15,667 (
2002 Census);
The population of Kresttsy accounts for 67.4% of the district's total population.
Geography
The district is located between the
Valdai Hills
The Valdai Hills (russian: Валда́йская возвы́шенность, Valdáyskaya vozvýshennost'), sometimes referred to as just Valdai (russian: Валда́й, Valdáy), are an upland region in the north-west of central European Ru ...
and the
Ilmen Depression Ilmen may refer to:
* Lake Ilmen, a lake in Russia
*'' Il’mena'', a Russian ship
* Middle-earth cosmology#Ilmen, an atmospheric region of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth stories
{{Disambig ...
. The eastern part of the district lies in the Valdai Hills and is higher than the western part. There are lakes located there, and many of the rivers in the district have their source in the eastern part. 81% of the district is covered by forests.
The main river in the district is the
Kholova, a left
tributary
A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drai ...
of the
Msta
The Msta () is a river in Tver and Novgorod Oblasts of northwestern Russia, a tributary of Lake Ilmen. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tributaries of the Msta are the Berezayka (left), the Uver (right), the Peretna (left), ...
. The Kholova crosses the district from south to north. The Msta makes a short detour to the district in its northern part. The rivers in the eastern and central parts of the district drain into the Kholova and its tributaries. The western end of the district is adjacent to
Lake Ilmen. The rivers in the western part of the district, including the
Nisha and the
Mayata, drain into Lake Ilmen. The
Yamnitsa River in the south of the district flows south and is a tributary of the
Polomet River
The Polomet (russian: Полометь) is a river in Valdaysky, Krestetsky, and Demyansky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Pola. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tributary of the Polom ...
, in the
basin of the
Pola Pola or POLA may refer to:
People
* House of Pola, an Italian noble family
* Pola Alonso (1923–2004), Argentine actress
* Pola Brändle (born 1980), German artist and photographer
* Pola Gauguin (1883–1961), Danish painter
* Pola Gojawiczyńsk ...
. A stretch of the Polomet crosses the southern tip of the district as well.
History
Kresttsy (Krestetsky Pogost) was first mentioned in a chronicle in 1393. At the time, the area was a part of
Derevskaya Pyatina of the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of mod ...
.
In the end of the 15th century, together with Novgorod, it became a part of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate (russian: Санкт-Петербу́ргская губе́рния, ''Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya''), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia ...
). In 1727, separate
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Новгоро́дская губе́рнія, r=Novgorodskaya guberniya, p=ˈnofɡərətskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə, t=Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Ru ...
was split off. In 1776, Kresttsy was chartered and became the seat of
Krestetsky Uyezd of
Novgorod Viceroyalty
Novgorod Viceroyalty (russian: Новгоро́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1776–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Novg ...
.
[Snytko et al., p. 20] In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Novgorod Governorate. In 1796, the uyezd was abolished, but was re-established in 1802.
The area was located along the road connecting Moscow and
St. Petersburg, and Kresttsy developed as a major trade center. However, in 1851, the
Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million r ...
was opened, which bypassed Kresttsy. This undermined the importance of the area, which eventually went into decline. In 1918, a considerable part of Krestetsky Uyezd was split off to form
Malovishersky Uyezd Malovishersky (masculine), Malovisherskaya (feminine), or Malovisherskoye (neuter) may refer to:
*Malovishersky District, a district in Novgorod Oblast, Russia
* Malovishersky Uyezd (1918–1927), an administrative division of Novgorod Governorate i ...
, and in 1922, it was abolished and split between Malovishersky,
Valdaysky, and
Novgorodsky Uyezd Novgorodsky Uyezd (''Новгородский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Veliky Novgorod.
Dem ...
s.
[Snytko et al., p. 37] In 1926, Kresttsy lost the town status and became a ''
selo''.
In August 1927, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Krestetsky District, with the administrative center in the ''selo'' of Kresttsy,
[Snytko et al., pp. 106–109] was established within
Novgorod Okrug
Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...
of
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 194 ...
effective October 1, 1927.
[Snytko et al., p. 85] It included parts of former Malovishersky and Valdaysky Uyezds.
On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.
[Snytko et al., pp. 87–88] On January 4, 1931,
Kamzovsky Selsoviet was granted Estonian ethnic status, but was abolished on April 14, 1939.
On January 1, 1932, a part of
Mstinsky District was merged into Krestetsky District.
[Snytko et al., p. 119] On November 9, 1938, Kresttsy was granted
work settlement status.
On March 11, 1941, the territories from Mstinsky District which had previously been merged into Krestetsky District were returned to re-established Mstinsky District.
Krestetsky District was not occupied during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, though it was located close to the front line. On July 5, 1944, Krestetsky District was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast,
where it remained ever since. On February 1, 1963, in the course of the
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
's administrative reform, the district was transformed into Krestetsky Industrial District with all of its
selsoviets transferred to Valdaysky District. On January 14, 1965, this was reverted, although the new borders were different.
[Snytko et al., pp. 181–182]
Economy
Industry
The industry in the district is mainly represented by timber industry enterprises. In Kresttsy, there is a factory producing traditional New Year decorations and a factory related to traditional handicrafts.
Agriculture
There are two large-scale agricultural enterprises in the district, specializing in poultry and pork production. As of 2011, there are also eight collective farms and twenty-one mid-scale private farms.
Transportation
The
M10 highway which connects
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...
and
St. Petersburg crosses the district from southeast to northwest. In particular, Kresttsy is located on the highway. There are road connections to
Malaya Vishera
Malaya Vishera (russian: Ма́лая Ви́шера) is a town and the administrative center of Malovishersky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:
History
The name of the town originates from the Malaya Vishera River, a tributary ...
(starting in Kresttsy) and to
Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa ( rus, Старая Русса, p=ˈstarəjə ˈrusːə) is a town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Polist River, south of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Its population has steadily decreased o ...
via
Pola Pola or POLA may refer to:
People
* House of Pola, an Italian noble family
* Pola Alonso (1923–2004), Argentine actress
* Pola Brändle (born 1980), German artist and photographer
* Pola Gauguin (1883–1961), Danish painter
* Pola Gojawiczyńsk ...
. There are also local roads.
Kresstsy has a railway connection to
Valday. There is no passenger traffic, but the railway is used for cargo traffic.
Culture and recreation
The district contains 9 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 176 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The monuments protected at the federal levels are archaeological sites and the Tatishchev Estate in the village of
Ust-Volma. The estate is currently abandoned, but reconstruction plans are under consideration.
The only museum in the district is the Krestetsky District Museum, located in Kresttsy, with a branch in the village of
Ruchyi.
Notable residents
*
Vladimir Novikov (1907–2000), politician
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012
Districts of Novgorod Oblast
States and territories established in 1927