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Craterus or Krateros ( el, Κρατερός; c. 370 BC – 321 BC) was a
Craterus
(in '' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'')
Biography from livius.org
{{Alexander's Generals 370s BC births 321 BC deaths Ancient Macedonian generals Generals of Alexander the Great Ancient Orestians Ancient Macedonians killed in battle Trierarchs of Nearchus' fleet
Craterus or Krateros ( el, Κρατερός; c. 370 BC – 321 BC) was a Macedonian
Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia.
Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to:
People Modern
* Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North M ...
general under Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. Throughout his life he was a loyal royalist and supporter of Alexander the Great.Anson, Edward M. (2014)p.24
Craterus was the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Alexander from Orestis and brother of admiral Amphoterus. Craterus commanded the phalanx and all infantry on the left wing in Battle of Issus in 333 BC. In Hyrcania he was sent on a mission against the Tapurians
The Mazanderani people ( mzn, مازرونیون or mzn, تبریون) or Tabari people ( mzn, تپورون, links=no) are an Iranian peoples, Iranian peopleAcademic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294 who are indigenous to ...
, his first independent command with the Macedonian army. At the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC, near modern Jhelum
Jhelum ( Punjabi and ur, ) is a city on the east bank of the Jhelum River, which is located in the district of Jhelum in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is the 44th largest city of Pakistan by population. Jhelum is known for p ...
, he commanded the rearguard, which stayed on the western bank; his men crossed the river only during the final stages of the battle.
At the festivities in Susa, Craterus married princess Amastris, daughter of Oxyathres, the brother of Darius III
Darius III ( peo, 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 ; grc-gre, Δαρεῖος ; c. 380 – 330 BC) was the last Achaemenid King of Kings of Persia, reigning from 336 BC to his death in 330 BC.
Contrary to his predecessor Artaxerxes IV Arses, Dar ...
. Craterus left Alexanders troops in Opis in 324. Craterus and Polyperchon were appointed to lead 11,500 veteran soldiers back to Macedonia and replace Antipater
Antipater (; grc, , translit=Antipatros, lit=like the father; c. 400 BC319 BC) was a Macedonian general and statesman under the subsequent kingships of Philip II of Macedon and his son, Alexander the Great. In the wake of the collaps ...
who was ordered to lead a fresh contingent of soldiers to join Aexanders army in the east. But Craterus arrival to Macedonia was delayed by a lack of vessels for the transport over the sea. Craterus stayed in Cilicia
Cilicia (); el, Κιλικία, ''Kilikía''; Middle Persian: ''klkyʾy'' (''Klikiyā''); Parthian: ''kylkyʾ'' (''Kilikiyā''); tr, Kilikya). is a geographical region in southern Anatolia in Turkey, extending inland from the northeastern coas ...
, where he was building the fleet, when Alexander unexpectedly died in Babylon
''Bābili(m)''
* sux, 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠
* arc, 𐡁𐡁𐡋 ''Bāḇel''
* syc, ܒܒܠ ''Bāḇel''
* grc-gre, Βαβυλών ''Babylṓn''
* he, בָּבֶל ''Bāvel''
* peo, 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢 ''Bābiru''
* elx, 𒀸𒁀𒉿𒇷 ''Babi ...
. In case Craterus wouldn't be able to govern in Macedonia due to his health, his successor was to be Polyperchon.Pitt, E. M.; Richardson, W. P. (May 2017), p.80 At the time, he had about 10,000 veterans with him.Anson, Edward M. (2014)p.24 Craterus eventually crossed into Europe when Antipater requested assistance from several commanders in the Lamian war, but leaving the supreme command in possession of Antipater.Pitt, E. M.; Richardson, W. P. (May 2017), pp.82–83
He sailed with his Cilician navy to Greece and led troops at the Battle of Crannon in 322. When Antigonus rose in rebellion against Perdiccas and Eumenes, Craterus joined him, alongside Antipater and Ptolemy. He married Antipater's daughter Phila
Phila may refer to a shortened name for the City of Philadelphia, U.S.
It may also refer to:
*Phila of Elimeia, sister of Derdas and wife of Philip II of Macedon
*Phila (daughter of Antipater), wife of Balacrus, Craterus and Demetrius Poliorcetes ...
, with whom he had a son, also called Craterus.
He was killed in battle against Eumenes in Asia Minor when his charging horse fell over him, somewhere near the Hellespont
The Dardanelles (; tr, Çanakkale Boğazı, lit=Strait of Çanakkale, el, Δαρδανέλλια, translit=Dardanéllia), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli from the Gallipoli peninsula or from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (; ...
, in 321.
In popular media
*Named with the phonetically accurate spelling of ''Krateros'', Craterus is one of the minor characters in the historical novel ''Roxana Romance'' by A.J. Cave. *Also named as ''Krateros'', Craterus is a major character in the two Alexander novels by Mary Renault, ''The Persian Boy
''The Persian Boy'' is a 1972 historical novel written by Mary Renault and narrated by Bagoas, a young Persian from an aristocratic family who is captured by his father's enemies, castrated, and sold as a slave to king Darius III, who makes him ...
'' and '' Fire From Heaven''.
*In the film '' Alexander'', he is played by British actor Rory McCann.
References
External links
Craterus
(in '' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'')
Biography from livius.org
{{Alexander's Generals 370s BC births 321 BC deaths Ancient Macedonian generals Generals of Alexander the Great Ancient Orestians Ancient Macedonians killed in battle Trierarchs of Nearchus' fleet