Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a
federal subject of
Russia (a
krai), with its
administrative center in the
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of
Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in
Siberia (after
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk (, also ; rus, Новосиби́рск, p=nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk, a=ru-Новосибирск.ogg) is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the Russian Census ...
and
Omsk
Omsk (; rus, Омск, p=omsk) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia, and has a population of over 1.1 million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk ...
). Comprising half of the
Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in the Russian Federation, the
second largest federal subject (after neighboring
Sakha) and the
third largest subnational governing body by area in the world, after Sakha and the Australian state of
Western Australia. The krai covers an area of , which is nearly one quarter the size of the entire country of
Canada (the
next-largest country in the world after Russia), constituting roughly 13% of the Russian Federation's total area and containing a population of 2,828,187 (more than a third of them in the city of Krasnoyarsk), or just under 2% of its population, per the
2010 Census.
Geography
The krai lies in the middle of
Siberia, and occupies nearly half of the
Siberian Federal District, almost splitting it in half, stretching from the
Sayan Mountains in the south along the
Yenisei River to the
Taymyr Peninsula in the north. It borders (counting clockwise from the sea) the
Sakha Republic
Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),, is the largest republic of Russia, located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of roughly 1 million. Sakha comprises half of the area of its governing Far Eas ...
,
Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and mn, Эрхүү, ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 617,473 as of the 2010 Census, Irkutsk is ...
, the
Tuva Republic, the
Republic of Khakassia,
Kemerovo
Kemerovo ( rus, Ке́мерово, p=ˈkʲemʲɪrəvə) is an industrial city and the administrative center of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Iskitimka and Tom Rivers, in the major coal mining region of the Kuznetsk Ba ...
,
Tomsk
Tomsk ( rus, Томск, p=tomsk, sty, Түң-тора) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, located on the Tom River. Population:
Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. The city is a not ...
,
Tyumen Oblasts, the
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra (Russian and Mansi: Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра, ''Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug — Yugra;'' Khanty: Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной ...
, the
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the
Kara Sea and
Laptev Sea of the
Arctic Ocean in the north.
The krai is located in the basin of the
Arctic Ocean; a great number of rivers that flow through the krai
drain into it eventually. The main rivers of the krai are the Yenisei, and its
tributaries (from south to north): the
Kan, the
Angara
The Angara ( Buryat and mn, Ангар, ''Angar'', "Cleft"; russian: Ангара́, ''Angará'') is a major river in Siberia, which traces a course through Russia's Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai. It drains out of Lake Baikal and is ...
, the
Podkamennaya Tunguska, the
Nizhnyaya Tunguska and the
Tanama
Tanama is a village in the Boudry Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered ...
.
There are also several thousand lakes in the krai. The largest lakes include Beloye, Belyo,
Glubokoye, Itat,
Khantayskoye, Labas,
Lama
Lama (; "chief") is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. The name is similar to the Sanskrit term ''guru'', meaning "heavy one", endowed with qualities the student will eventually embody. The Tibetan word "lama" means "hi ...
, Pyasina,
Taymyr, and
Yessey
Yessey (russian: Ессе́й, sah, Дьэһэй) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the shore of Lake Yessey.
History
The historian of Siberia, B.O. Dolgikh, writes that in 16 ...
. The rivers and lakes are rich in fish.
The climate is strongly
continental with large temperature variations during the year. Long winters and short, hot summers are characteristic for the central and southern regions where most of the krai's population lives. The territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai experiences conditions of three climate belts:
arctic,
subarctic
The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of humid continental regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, ...
, and
humid continental. In the north there are less than 40 days with temperature above , while in the south there are 110-120 such days.
The average temperature in January is in the north and in the south. The average temperature in July is in the north – where the most poleward
tree line in the world is found at
Ary-Mas
Ary-Mas (russian: Ары-Мас) is a forest in Russia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, southern part of Taymyr Peninsula, southern bank of Novaya River. Ary-Mas comes from the Dolgan language and means "forest island".
Considered to be the northernmost fore ...
– and in the south. The annual precipitation is (up to in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains). Snow covers the central regions of the krai from early November until late March. The peaks of the Sayan Mountains higher than and those of the
Putorana Plateau higher than are covered with permanent snow.
Permafrost
Permafrost is ground that continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two or more years, located on land or under the ocean. Most common in the Northern Hemisphere, around 15% of the Northern Hemisphere or 11% of the global surface ...
is absent at low altitudes south of
Lesosibirsk, but as one moves north it grades from
sporadic
In mathematics, a sporadic group is one of the 26 exceptional groups found in the classification of finite simple groups.
A simple group is a group ''G'' that does not have any normal subgroups except for the trivial group and ''G'' itself. Th ...
around
the 58th parallel to
extensive discontinuous around
the 60th parallel and
continuous north of
the 63rd parallel.
The coastline contains several prominent peninsulas – from west to east the main ones are the
Minina Peninsula,
Mikhailov Peninsula, the
Taymyr Peninsula (by far the largest, and itself containing the Zarya Peninsula, Oskara Peninsula and
Chelyuskin Peninsula) and the Khara-Tumus Peninsula.
There are also a large number of islands off the krai's coast, the most prominent of which are (from west to east)
Sibiryakov Island, Nosok Island,
Dikson Island, Vern Island, Brekhovskiye Island (in the
Yenisei Gulf), Krestovskiy Island, the
Kamennye Islands
The Kamennye Islands or Kammenny Islands (russian: Каменные Острова; Kamennye Ostrova) is a group of islands in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation.
Geography
The islands lie off the coast of Siberia, west of the mouths of river Pya ...
, the
Zveroboy Islands
The Zveroboy Islands (russian: Остров Зверобой, or Ostrov Zveroboy) is a group consisting of a large island (Zveroboy Island) and a few scattered small islets. The main island is 17 km in length. It is covered with tundra vege ...
, the
Labyrintovye Islands
The Labyrintovye Islands (Russian: Лабиринтовые острова; ''Labyrintovye Ostrova'') is a group of flat islands in the Pyasina Bay of the Kara Sea. They are located at the mouth of the river Pyasina. Their latitude is 73° 50' ...
, the
Plavnikovye Islands
The Plavnikovye Islands (Russian: острова Плавниковые; Ostrova Plavnikovyye) is a group of islands, in the Kara Sea eastern region, off the coast of Siberia.
These islands are covered with tundra vegetation and there are many lak ...
,
Kolosovykh Island
Kolosovykh Island (russian: остров Колосовых; Ostrov Kolosovykh) is an island, in the Kara Sea off the coast of Siberia.
Geography
Kolosovykh Island is located north of the Kolosovykh Peninsula, which is almost an island itself. T ...
, the
Mona Islands, Rykacheva Island, Gavrilova Island, Belukha and Prodolgovatyy Islands, the
Nordenskiöld Archipelago, the
Firnley Islands
The Firnley Islands ( rus, острова Фирнлея; ''Ostrova Firnleya'', nn, Firnleyøyane) is a group of three small islands covered with tundra vegetation and with scattered stones on their shores. They lie in the Kara Sea, close to the ...
, the
Heiberg Islands,
Starokadomsky Island
Starokadomsky Island (russian: Остров Старокадомского; ''Ostrov Starokadomskogo'') is an hourglass-shaped island in the Laptev Sea, Russian Arctic. Geography
Starokadomsky Island is located off the southeastern end of the Sever ...
,
Maly Taymyr Island
Maly Taymyr Island (russian: Малый Таймыр, or Little Taymyr Island) is an island in the Laptev Sea, Russian Arctic.
Geography
It is located off the southeastern end of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago and northeast of the Taymyr Peninsu ...
, the
Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands, the
Faddey Islands, and the
Saint Peter Islands. There are also a number of islands further out that fall under the administration of Krasnoyarsk Krai – the most prominent being Bolshoy Island,
Sverdrup Island
The Sverdrup Islands is an archipelago of the northern Queen Elizabeth Islands, in Nunavut, Canada. The islands are situated in the Arctic Ocean, west of Ellesmere Island from 77° to 81° North and 85° to 106° West.
History
The islands ar ...
, the
Izvestiy TSIK Islands
The Izvestiy TSIK Islands or Izvesti Tsik Islands (russian: Острова Известий ЦИК), also known as Izvestia Islands, is an island group in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation.
Geography
The archipelago includes two large and two small ...
, the
Arkticheskiy Institut Islands
The Arkticheskiy Institut Islands or Arctic Institute Islands (russian: Острова Арктического института) is a compact archipelago of narrow islands covered with tundra vegetation. The islands are located in the Kara Sea, ...
, the
Kirov Islands,
Uyedineniya Island
Uyedineniya Island (also Uedinenia, russian: Остров Уединения; no, Ensomheden) is an island located in the central part of the Kara Sea, roughly midway between Novaya Zemlya and Severnaya Zemlya. Its latitude is 77° 29' N a ...
,
Voronina Island
Voronina Island or Voronina Islands (Russian: Острова Воронина, Ostrova Voronina or Остров Воронина, Ostrov Voronina) is an isolated two-island group composed of a larger island and a narrow island on its northern sid ...
,
Severnaya Zemlya (the largest group), and
Ushakov Island.
The highest point of the krai is
Grandiozny Peak
Grandiozny Peak (russian: link=no, Пик Грандиозный) is a mountain in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. At it is the highest summit in the Kryzhin Range, part of the Eastern Sayan, South Siberian System.
Description
Grandiozny Peak is an ...
in the
Eastern Sayan Mountains at an elevation of .
History
According to archaeologists, the first people reached Siberia circa 40,000
BC. The
Andronovo culture
The Andronovo culture (russian: Андроновская культура, translit=Andronovskaya kul'tura) is a collection of similar local Late Bronze Age cultures that flourished 2000–1450 BC,Grigoriev, Stanislav, (2021)"Andronovo ...
, a group of
Bronze Age peoples, lived in the area around 2000–900 BC, the remains of which were discovered in 1914 near the village of Andronovo,
Uzhursky District
Uzhursky District (russian: Ужу́рский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #10-4765 and municipalLaw #13-3028 district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders wi ...
. The grave-mounds and monuments of the
Scythian culture in Krasnoyarsk Krai belong to the 7th century BC and are some of the oldest in
Eurasia. A prince's grave, the Kurgan Arshan, discovered in 2001, is also located in the krai.
Russian settlement of the area (mostly by
Cossacks
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
) began in the 17th century. After the construction of the
Trans-Siberian Railway the Russian colonization of the area strongly increased. In 1822, the
Yeniseysk Governorate was created with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center that covered territory very similar to that of the current krai.
During both the
Tsar
Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...
ist and the
Soviet times, the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai was used as a place of exile of political enemies, actual or alleged. The first leaders of the Soviet state,
Vladimir Lenin and
Joseph Stalin, were exiled to what is now the krai in 1897–1900 and 1903, respectively. In Stalin's era, numerous
Gulag camps were located in the region.
On June 30, 1908, in the basin of the
Podkamennaya Tunguska River, there occurred a
powerful explosion most likely to have been caused by the air burst of a large
meteoroid or
comet fragment at an altitude of above the Earth's surface. The force of the explosion is estimated to be about 10–15 megatons. It flattened more than of pine forest and killed thousands of reindeer.
Krasnoyarsk Krai was created in 1934 after disaggregation of the
West Siberian and East Siberian Krais and later included
Taymyr and
Evenk Autonomous Okrugs and
Khakas Autonomous Oblast. In 1991,
Khakassia separated from the krai and became a republic within the Russian Federation. On January 1, 2007, following a referendum on the issue held on April 17, 2005, the territories of
Evenk and
Taymyr Autonomous Okrugs were merged into the krai.
Politics
During the
Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Krasnoyarsk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the most authority), the chairman of the krai Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since the
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
in 1991 and the demise of the
CPSU, the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor has been appointed or elected alongside the elected
regional parliament.
The Charter of Krasnoyarsk Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The
Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai
The Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai (russian: Законодательное собрание Красноярского края, Zakonodatel'noye sobraniye Krasnoyarskogo kraya) is the regional parliament of Krasnoyarsk Krai, a federa ...
is the province's
regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The legislative assembly consists of 52 deputies. 22 of them are elected in 22 one-mandate electoral districts by
plurality system, 2 in Taymyr, 2 in Evenkia, and 26 are elected by
proportional system
Proportionality, proportion or proportional may refer to:
Mathematics
* Proportionality (mathematics), the property of two variables being in a multiplicative relation to a constant
* Ratio, of one quantity to another, especially of a part compare ...
from the lists offered by political parties. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the
Constitution of Russia.
In December 1991, president
Boris Yeltsin appointed Arkady Veprev as the first governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In January 1993 Yeltsin appointed Valery Zubov as the second governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In Krasnoyarsk Territory governor elections were called. Zubov was elected in a universal election for a five-year term. The
Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai
The Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai (russian: Законодательное собрание Красноярского края, Zakonodatel'noye sobraniye Krasnoyarskogo kraya) is the regional parliament of Krasnoyarsk Krai, a federa ...
was created as well.
In 1998, Zubov lost in the gubernatorial election to
General Aleksandr Lebed, a well-known politician in all of Russia. In 2002 Lebed died in a helicopter accident.
In 2002,
Alexander Khloponin, the governor of
Taymyr Autonomous Okrug and an influential businessman, was elected a governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai. In 2007, he was nominated by
president Vladimir Putin for re-election, and the legislative assembly elected Khloponin for the second term.
In 2010, after Khloponin was promoted to the office of the president's envoy in the
North Caucasian Federal District,
Lev Kuznetsov, a businessman and politician from Khloponin's circle, became the new governor of the krai. After Kuznetsov,
Viktor Tolokonsky became Governor September 2017. After Tolokonsky,
Aleksandr Uss
Aleksandr Viktorovich Uss (russian: Александр Викторович Усс; born on 3 November 1954), is a Russian statesman and legal scholar who is currently serving as the Governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai since 21 September 2018. became the
Governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai where he remains in the role today.
Krasnoyarsk Krai is represented in the
Federation Council of Russia
The Federation Council (russian: Сове́т Федера́ции – ''Soviet Federatsii'', common abbreviation: Совфед – ''Sovfed''), or Senate (officially, starting from July 1, 2020) ( ru , Сенат , translit = Senat), is th ...
, the
upper house of the
Russian parliament by two senators. In 2007, eight deputies were elected to the
State Duma
The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house ...
from Krasnoyarsk regional lists of different
political parties
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...
.
Economy
Over 95% of the cities, a majority of the industrial enterprises, and all of the agriculture are concentrated in the south of the krai.
Natural resources
The krai is among the richest of Russia's regions in natural resources: 80% of the country's
nickel, 75% of its
cobalt, 70% of its
copper, 16% of its
coal, and 10% of its
gold are extracted here. Krasnoyarsk also produces 20% of the country's
timber. More than 95% of Russian resources of
platinum and
platinoids are concentrated in the krai.
Industry
The krai's major industries are: non-ferrous
metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...
, energy, forestry, chemicals, and oil refining. The major financial-industrial groups of Krasnoyarsk Krai are:
*
Basic Element (Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Plant, Achinsk Alumina Complex, Krasnoyarsk Pulp and Paper Plant)
*
Interros (
Norilsk Nickel)
*
Evraz Group
EVRAZ plc (russian: Евраз) is a UK-incorporated multinational steel manufacturing and mining company part-owned by Russian oligarchs. It has operations mainly in Russia as well as the USA, Canada, and Kazakhstan. As of 2015, the ultimate b ...
(iron mines, timber)
*MDM Group (
SUEK, ''Siberian Coal and Energy Company'')
*
RusHydro (generation of electric power)
*
RZhD
Russian Railways (russian: link=no, ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД»), OAO Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (OAO RZhD)) is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both managi ...
(railroads)
*
Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev satellite manufacturing
Power generation
The two most powerful
hydroelectric plants
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and ...
in Russia are at the
Yenisei River:
* Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir (Саяно-Шушенское водохранилище: 621 km
2; 31.300 Mio. m³; 6400 MW)
*
Krasnoyarsk Reservoir (2130 km
2; 73.300 Mio. m³; 6000 MW)
Three are at its tributary
Angara River:
*
Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station (45.800 Mio. m³; 660 MW)
*
Bratsk Reservoir (5426 km
2; 169.270 Mio. m³; 4500 MW)
* Ust-Ilimsk reservoir (Усть-Илимское водохранилище: 1873 km
2; 59.300 Mio. m³; 4320 MW)
It makes Krasnoyarsk Krai one of Russia's most important producers of electric energy and a desirable location for energy-intensive industries, such as aluminum plants.
Transportation
*
Trans-Siberian Railroad (650 km (400 mi) within Krasnoyarsk Krai), Norilsk Railroad (the most northern railroad in the world); North Siberian Railroad is planned.
*Highways:
M53 Baikal (
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk (, also ; rus, Новосиби́рск, p=nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk, a=ru-Новосибирск.ogg) is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the Russian Census ...
-
Krasnoyarsk-
Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and mn, Эрхүү, ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 617,473 as of the 2010 Census, Irkutsk is ...
), M54 Yenisei (
Krasnoyarsk-
Kyzyl-
Mongolia) R409 Eniseiskiy trakt (
Krasnoyarsk-
Lesosibirsk-
Yeniseysk).
*
Northern Sea Route and shipping on the Yenisei. The main ports are:
Dudinka,
Igarka,
Turukhansk,
Yeniseysk,
Maklakovo
Lesosibirsk (russian: Лесосиби́рск) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. Population: .
History
The village of Maklakov Lug (russian: Маклаков Луг), later known as Maklakovo () existed on ...
,
Strelka Strelka may refer to:
Places
* Strelka (inhabited locality), several inhabited localities in Russia including:
** Strelka, Amur Oblast
** Strelka, Lesosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
** Strelka, Vologda Oblast
** Strelka, Voronezh Oblast
* a small cape a ...
,
Krasnoyarsk
*26 airports, including an international airport (
Yemelyanovo near Krasnoyarsk).
*Two pipes of
Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and mn, Эрхүү, ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 617,473 as of the 2010 Census, Irkutsk is ...
-
Anzhero-Sudzhensk petroleum pipeline.
*Major power transmission lines.
Administrative divisions
Krasnoyarsk Krai consists of forty-four
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
and sixteen
towns of district significance. Two of the districts (Evenkiysky and Taymyrsky; the former
autonomous okrugs
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ow ...
) have special status.
Demographics
Population (including former
Taymyr and
Evenk Autonomous Okrugs):
''Ethnic groups'': The population of the krai mostly consists of
Russians, and some other peoples of the former
Soviet Union. The indigenous Siberian peoples make up no more than 1% of the population.
The 2010 Census reported the following ethnic composition:
*
Russians: 91.3%
*
Ukrainians: 1.4%
*
Tatars: 1.3%
*
Germans: 0.8%
*
Azeri: 0.6%
*
Belarusians
, native_name_lang = be
, pop = 9.5–10 million
, image =
, caption =
, popplace = 7.99 million
, region1 =
, pop1 = 600,000–768,000
, region2 =
, pop2 ...
: 0.4%
*
Chuvash: 0.4%
*others: 2.5%
*100,621 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
*Births (Jan-Aug 2009): 25,520 (13.3 per 1000)
*Deaths (Jan-Aug 2009): 25,183 (13.1 per 1000)
As of August 2009, Krasnoyarsk Krai recorded a natural growth of population for the first time in 16 years.
Total fertility rate:
2003 - 1.35 , 2004 - 1.35 , 2005 - 1.31 , 2006 - 1.33 , 2007 - 1.44 , 2008 - 1.55 , 2009 - 1.61 , 2010 - 1.64 , 2011 - 1.64 , 2012 - 1.75 , 2013 - 1.78 , 2014 - 1.81 , 2015 - 1.84 , 2016 - 1.82(e)
;Vital statistics for 2012
*Births: 41,098 (14.5 per 1000)
*Deaths: 36,726 (12.9 per 1000)
Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации
Gks.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
*Total fertility rate: 1.75
Settlements
Demographics for 2007
Religion
As per the survey conducted in 2012, 29.6% of the population of Krasnoyarsk Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% declares to be a nondenominational Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or is a member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches, 1.5% is Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
, 1% follows the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), and 10.9% did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 35% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 15% to be atheist
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
.
Education
Krasnoyarsk is the site of the Siberian Federal University, one of Russia's four largest educational institutions. Other notable higher education institutes of the krai are:
* Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University (Russian abbreviation is KGPU), founded in 1932
* Siberian State Technological University
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
(Russian abbreviation is SibGTU), the oldest in the city, founded in 1930 as the Siberian Institute of Forestry
* Siberian State Aerospace University (Russian abbreviation is SibGAU), founded in 1960
* Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (Russian abbreviation is KrasGMU), founded in 1942
* Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (Russian abbreviation is Krasnoyarsk GAU), founded in 1952
See also
* List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai
References
Notes
Sources
*
External links
Official website of Krasnoyarsk Krai
a
Natural Heritage Protection Fund
Пантелеев В. НА ПЕРЕЛОМЕ: Аркадий Вепрев у руля. Победа Валерия Зубова на губернаторских выборах//Красноярский рабочий.- 2011. - №145.- 19 августа.
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=April 2015
Central Asia
North Asia
1934 establishments in the Soviet Union
States and territories established in 1934
Russian-speaking countries and territories
Kara Sea
Laptev Sea
Krais of Russia