Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the
administrative centre
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of t ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. The city stands on the
Kuban River
The Kuban; Circassian: Псыжъ, ''Psyẑ'' or Псыжь, ''Psyź'' ; abq, Къвбина, ''Q̇vbina'' ; Karachay–Balkar: Къобан, ''Qoban''; Nogai: Кобан, ''Qoban'') is a river in Russia that flows through the Western Caucas ...
in
southern Russia
Southern Russia or the South of Russia (russian: Юг России, ''Yug Rossii'') is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia generally covering the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasian Federal ...
, with a population of 1,099,344 residents, and up to 1.2 million residents in the
Urban Okrug.
In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the
thirteenth-largest city in Russia, and the second-largest city in southern Russia, as well as the
Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District ( rus, Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг, Yuzhny federalny okrug, ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the federal districts of Russia, eight federal districts of Russia. Its territor ...
.
The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the
Cossacks
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, ''
Forbes
''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also re ...
'' named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the
Krasnodar Stadium
Krasnodar Stadium is a football stadium in Krasnodar, Russia. It hosts FC Krasnodar of the Russian Premier League. It has a capacity of 35,074 spectators.
The stadium was designed by von Gerkan, Marg and Partners (gmp) together with SPEECH arch ...
. Its main airport is
Krasnodar International Airport
Krasnodar International Airport (russian: Международный аэропорт Краснодар), also known as Pashkovsky Airport (russian: Аэропорт Пашковский), ( IATA: KRR, ICAO: URKK) is the main airport serving th ...
.
Name
Krasnodar was founded on January 12, 1794 (
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...
)
[Charter of Krasnodar, Article 1] as ''Yekaterinodar'' (). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift", recognizing both
Catherine the Great
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
's grant of land in the
Kuban
Kuban (Russian language, Russian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Кубань; ady, Пшызэ) is a historical and geographical region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Pontic–Caspian steppe, ...
region to the
Black Sea Cossacks
Black Sea Cossack Host (russian: Черномо́рское каза́чье во́йско; uk, Чорномо́рське коза́цьке ві́йсько ), also known as Chernomoriya (russian: Черномо́рия), was a Cossack host ...
[Azarenkova et al., pp. 9ff.] (created from former
Zaporozhian Cossacks
The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (, or uk, Військо Запорізьке, translit=Viisko Zaporizke, translit-std=ungegn, label=none) or simply Zaporozhians ( uk, Запорожці, translit=Zaporoz ...
) and
Saint Catherine of Alexandria
Catherine of Alexandria (also spelled Katherine); grc-gre, ἡ Ἁγία Αἰκατερίνη ἡ Μεγαλομάρτυς ; ar, سانت كاترين; la, Catharina Alexandrina). is, according to tradition, a Christian saint and virgin, wh ...
, who is considered to be the patron of the city. City status was granted in 1867.
[''Cities and Towns of Russia Encyclopedia'', pp. 217–218]
On December 7, 1920, as a result of the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
, Yekaterinodar was renamed ''Krasnodar'' (''Gift of the Reds'').
[Azarenkova et al., p. 253.] The new name consists of ''Krasno-'' (Красно- – 'red', i.e.
Communist
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, but also archaic/poetic form of 'beautiful'); and ''dar'' (дар – 'gift').
History
![Yekaterinodar-from-south](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Yekaterinodar-from-south.jpg)
The city originated in 1793 as a military camp, then as a
fortress
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
built by the
Cossacks
The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
to defend imperial borders and to assert Russian dominion over
Circassia
Circassia (; also known as Cherkessia in some sources; ady, Адыгэ Хэку, Адыгей, lit=, translit=Adıgə Xəku, Adıgey; ; ota, چرکسستان, Çerkezistan; ) was a country and a historical region in the along the northeast ...
, a claim which
Ottoman Turkey
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
contested. In the first half of the 19th century, Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the
Kuban Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban re ...
, gaining official town status in 1867. By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city, which had become a vital trade center for southern Russia. In 1897 an
obelisk
An obelisk (; from grc, ὀβελίσκος ; diminutive of ''obelos'', " spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top. Originally constructed by Anc ...
commemorating the two-hundred-year history of the
Kuban Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban re ...
(seen as founded in 1696) was erected in Yekaterinodar. The city was the administrative center of the
Yekaterinodarsky Otdel of the
Kuban Oblast
The Kuban Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of ...
.
During the
Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
(1917-1922) the city changed hands several times, coming successively under the control of the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
and of the
Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...
. Many Kuban Cossacks, as committed anti-
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, supported the
White Movement.
Lavr Kornilov
Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov (russian: Лавр Гео́ргиевич Корни́лов, ; – 13 April 1918) was a Russian military intelligence officer, explorer, and general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the ensuing Russ ...
, a White general, captured the city on April 10, 1918, only to be killed a week later when a Bolshevik
artillery shell
A shell, in a military context, is a projectile whose payload contains an explosive, incendiary, or other chemical filling. Originally it was called a bombshell, but "shell" has come to be unambiguous in a military context. Modern usage ...
blew up the farmhouse where he had set up his headquarters. During the
Soviet famine of 1932–1933
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
Krasnodar lost over 14% of its population.
During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
units of the
German Army
The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the ''Luftwaf ...
occupied Krasnodar between August 9, 1942, and February 12, 1943. The city sustained heavy damage in the fighting but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. German forces, including
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
and
"mobile SS execution squads", killed thousands of
Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
Communists
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...
, and "supposed Communist '
partisans.'" Shooting,
hanging
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging i ...
, burning, and even
gas vans
A gas van or gas wagon (russian: душегубка, ''dushegubka'', literally "soul killer"; german: Gaswagen) was a truck reequipped as a mobile gas chamber. During the World War II Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large ...
were used.
In the summer of 1943, the Soviets began trials, including of their own citizens, for collusion with the Nazis and for participation in
war crimes. The first such trial took place at Krasnodar from July 14 to 17, 1943. The Krasnodar tribunal pronounced eight death sentences, which were summarily carried out in the city square in front of a crowd of about thirty thousand people.
On June 14, 1971, a
bombing
A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanica ...
occurred on a bus in the city, when a homemade suitcase bomb placed near the gas tank by a mentally ill Peter Volynsky exploded. The bomb killed 10 persons and wounded 20–90 others.
Geography
Krasnodar is the largest city and capital of Krasnodar Krai by population and the second-largest by area. It is the 17th-largest city in Russia as of 2010. It is located on the right bank of the Kuban River. It is 1300 km south of the Russian capital, Moscow. The Black Sea lies 120 km to the west.
Climate
Under the
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
, Krasnodar has a
humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(''Cfa'').
Winters are cold and damp, with unstable snow cover. The average temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is . Weather conditions in winter vary greatly in the city; temperatures can exceed for a few days, but temperatures below are not uncommon for Krasnodar as the city is not protected by mountains from cold waves. Summers are typically hot, with a July average of .
The city receives of precipitation annually, fairly spread throughout the year. Extreme storms are rare in the Krasnodar area. Extreme temperatures have ranged from , recorded on January 11, 1940 and July 30, 2000, respectively.
Demographics
In 1916, Krasnodar—then known as Yekaterinodar—had a population of 103,624, composed of 88,508
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
(85.4%), 5,963
Europeans
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common genetic ancestry, common language, or both. Pan and Pfeil (2004) ...
(5.8%), 5,900
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
(5.7%), and other nationalities.
As of 2021 census, the population of Krasnodar is 1,099,344 people,
[
]
Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более
Стали известны окончательные итоги переписи населения в Краснодаре, но вопросы остались
/ref> up from 744,995 in the 2010 census.
Economy
Krasnodar is the economic center of southern Russia. For several years, ''Forbes
''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also re ...
'' magazine named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. The industrial sector of the city has more than 130 large and medium-sized enterprises.
The main industries of Krasnodar:
*Agriculture and food industry: 42.8%
*Energy sector: 13.4%
*Fuel industry: 10.5%
*Machine construction: 9.4%
*Forestry and chemical industries: about 4%
Krasnodar is a highly developed commercial area, and has the largest annual turnover in the Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District ( rus, Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг, Yuzhny federalny okrug, ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the federal districts of Russia, eight federal districts of Russia. Its territor ...
of Russia. Retail trade turnover in 2010 reached 290 billion ruble
The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union.
, currencies named ''rub ...
s. Per capita, Krasnodar has the highest number of malls in Russia. Note that in the crisis year 2009 turnover of Krasnodar continued to grow, while most of the cities showed a negative trend in the sale of goods.
Krasnodar has the lowest unemployment rate among the cities of the Southern Federal District at 0.3% of the total working-age population. In addition, Krasnodar holds the first place in terms of highest average salary – 21,742 rubles per capita.
Tourism comprises a large part of Krasnodar's economy. There are more than 80 hotels in Krasnodar. The Hilton Garden Inn, opened in 2013, is the first world-class hotel in the city.
Administrative and municipal status
Krasnodar is the administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of the krai
A krai or kray (; russian: край, , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.
Etymologically, the word is relate ...
. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the City
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of Krasnodar—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.[Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03] As a municipal division, the City of Krasnodar is incorporated as Krasnodar Urban Okrug.[Law #670-OZ]
Culture
The oldest part of the city is Krasnodar Historic Center, which consists of many historic buildings, several from the 19th century. Buildings have been preserved, restored or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction.
There are several major theater venues in Krasnodar:
*The Gorky Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater
*The Krasnodar Ballet Theater
*The Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater
*The Krasnodar Regional Puppet Theater
*The Krasnodar Musical Theater
*The Children's Ballet Theater "Fugitives"
*The Krasnodar State Circus
*The Krasnodar Youth Theater
*The Ponomarenko Krasnodar Philharmonic
*The Kuban Cossack Choir
Kuban Cossack Chorus (russian: Кубанский Казачий Хор, uk, Кубанський козачий хор) is one of the leading Folkloric ensembles in Russia. Its repertoire and performances reflect the songs, dances and folklor ...
*The Creative Association "Premiere"
*The New Puppet Theater
Krasnodar has several major museums. The Kovalenko Krasnodar Regional Art Museum, the oldest public art museum in the North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...
, is one of the finest.
The largest public library of the city is the Pushkin Krasnodar Regional Universal Scientific Library, founded in 1900.
Main sights
Krasnodar is home to the steel
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...
lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1928; it is located near Krasnodar Circus
A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, ventriloquists, and unicyclist ...
.
Other attractions include St. Catherine's Cathedral, the State Arts Museum, a park and theater named after Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...
, the beautiful concert hall of the Krasnodar Philharmonic Society, which is considered to have some of the best acoustics in southern Russia, State Cossack Choir and the Krasnodar circus
The most interesting place in Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street (which translates as "Red, Beautiful Street"). There are situated many sights of Krasnodar. At the beginning of the street, one can see the Central Concert Hall; at the other end, one can see the Avrora cinema center. A "Triumphal Arch" is situated in the middle of Krasnaya Street.
Theater Square is home to the largest splash fountain in Europe. This fountain was officially inaugurated on September 25, 2011 along with an official ceremony to celebrate the City Day in Krasnodar.
Also in the city is the famous Krasnodar Park (also called Galitsky Park) — a city park located in the northeast of the center of Krasnodar in the Shkolny microdistrict, between Vostochno-Kruglikovskaya and Hero Vladislav Posadsky streets, next to the FC Krasnodar stadium. The park was built at the expense of entrepreneur Sergey Galitsky and opened on September 28, 2017. The area is 22.7 hectares. This is twice as much as the Novorossiysk forest! More than 2.5 thousand trees are planted in the park: oak, hornbeam, alder, bonsai, poplar, pine, tulip tree, maple, thuja, decorative plum.
Sports
In amateur sport shinty in Russia Shinty is a very small minority sport in Russia, played primarily in Krasnodar but with some enthusiasts in Moscow.
History of Shinty in Russia
Whilst Scots mercenaries may have played shinty in ancient times, shinty was almost entirely unknown in ...
has its centre in Krasnodar.
Several professional sports clubs are active in the city:
Transportation
As in many other major cities in Russia, the primary mode of local transportation in Krasnodar is the automobile, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light railways (projected), biking paths, and wide sidewalks. Public transportation within Krasnodar consists of city buses, trolleybuses, trams, and ''marshrutka
''Marshrutka''[Kuban Airlines
OAO Kuban Airlines (russian: link=no, ОАО «Авиакомпания Кубань») was an airline based in Krasnodar, Russia. It operated domestic flights within Russia, as well as international charters. Its main base was Krasnodar Inter ...](_blank)
(at Krasnodar International Airport
Krasnodar International Airport (russian: Международный аэропорт Краснодар), also known as Pashkovsky Airport (russian: Аэропорт Пашковский), ( IATA: KRR, ICAO: URKK) is the main airport serving th ...
), but it closed down in 2012 and now the main ones are Aeroflot
PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (russian: ПАО "Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии", ), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ; russian: Аэрофлот, , ), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Russia. The ...
and . The largest hotels in the city include the Intourist, Hotel Moskva, and Hotel Platan. Krasnodar uses a 220 V/50 Hz power supply with two round-pin outlets, like most European countries.
There are also two railway stations in Krasnodar: Krasnodar-1 and Krasnodar-2.
File:Трамвай 71-623 на улице Беляева в Набережных Челнах.jpg, KTM-23 tram
ЭКОбус в Краснодаре.jpg, Trolza 5250 Ecobus hybrid bus
Trolleybuses in Krasnodar in 2007.jpg, ZiU-682 trolleybuses
Железнодорожный вокзал станции Краснодар-1.jpg, Krasnodar-I railway station
International terminal of Krasnodar Airport.jpg, Krasnodar International Airport (Pashkovsky) international passenger terminal
Education
In Krasnodar there are 15 gymnasiums
A gymnasium, also known as a gym, is an indoor location for athletics. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term " gymnasium". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational ins ...
(academic secondary schools) 5 lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Generally in that type of school the th ...
s (colleges of higher education), 110 schools of general education and 20 specialized schools, as well as 7 non-state lyceums and schools.Рейтинг школ: кто первый?
«Югополис», 05.01.2011
The city has numerous institutions of higher education, including some state universities (
Kuban State University
The Kuban State University (russian: Кубанский государственный университет KubSU) is a university in Krasnodar, in the Kuban area of southern Russia. It was founded on September 19, 1920, and since then it ...
,
Kuban State Technological University
Kuban State Technological University (Russian: ''Кубанский государственный технологический университет''), also referred to as the Kuban State University of Technology, is a Russian public technic ...
,
Kuban State Agrarian University
Kuban State Agrarian University is a university located in Krasnodar, a city in southern Russia.
Faculties Agriculture
* Agronomical faculty
* Agrochemistry
* Plant protection
* Veterinary medicine
* Zooengineering and managemanet
* ...
,
Kuban State Medical University
Kuban State Medical University is a medical school in Russia. It is located in Krasnodar, the capital of Krasnodar Krai in South Russia. Kuban State Medical University was founded by the government of the Russian Federation
The Government o ...
, etc.). Other universities include: Marketing and Social Technology University of Krasnodar.
Coat of arms
The
coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
of Yekaterinodar was introduced in 1841 by the Cossack
yesaul
Yesaul, osaul or osavul (russian: есау́л, translit=yesaul, uk, осаву́л, translit=osavul) (from Turkic yasaul - ''chief''), is a post and a rank in the Ukrainian Cossack units.
The first records of the rank imply that it was introdu ...
Ivan Chernik. The royal letter "E" in the middle is for Ekaterina II (Russian for
Catherine II
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...
). It also depicts the date the city was founded, the Imperial
double headed eagle
In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire. Most modern uses of the symbol are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, originall ...
(symbolizing
Tsar
Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...
's patronage of the Black Sea Cossacks), a
bulawa
The bulava or buława (Polish spelling: ''buława''; Ukrainian spelling: ''булава'' 'bula'va'' is a ceremonial mace or baton or sceptre.
Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Historically the ''buława'' w ...
of a Cossack
ataman
Ataman (variants: ''otaman'', ''wataman'', ''vataman''; Russian: атаман, uk, отаман) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military comman ...
, Yekaterinodar fortress, and flags with letters "E", "P", "A", and "N" standing for Catherine II,
Paul I Paul I may refer to:
*Paul of Samosata (200–275), Bishop of Antioch
*Paul I of Constantinople (died c. 350), Archbishop of Constantinople
*Pope Paul I (700–767)
*Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245–1312), Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia
*Paul ...
,
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to:
* Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC
* Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus
* Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome
* Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
and
Nicholas I. Yellow stars around the shield symbolized 59 Black Sea
stanitsa
A stanitsa ( rus, станица, p=stɐˈnʲitsə; uk, станиця, stanytsya) is a village inside a Cossack host ( uk, військо, viys’ko; russian: казачье войско, kazach’ye voysko, sometimes translated as "Cossack Arm ...
s around the city.
Notable people
*
Nina Agadzhanova
Nina Agadzhanova (Shutko) (27 October / 8 November 1889 – 14 December 1974) was a Soviet Union, Soviet revolutionary, screenwriter, and film director. She is most widely recognized for writing ''The Year 1905'', the original screenplay from which ...
(1889–1974), film writer and director,
*
Alexandre Bondar Alexandre Bondar (russian: Александр Бондарь; born 21 September 1972) is a Russian writer and novelist, " literary remake" genre founder.
He was born in Krasnodar, Russia, in 1972. He studied at Kuban State University in the Depart ...
(born 1972), writer and
novelist
A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living writing novels and other fiction, while others aspire to ...
*
Natalia Chernova
Natalia Chernova (Russian: Наталья Чернова; born March 6, 1976 in Krasnodar, Russia) (born 1976), gymnast
*
Tatyana Chernova
Tatyana Sergeyevna Chernova (russian: Татьяна Серге́евна Чернова; born 29 January 1988 in Krasnodar) is a Russian former heptathlete. She was originally awarded the bronze medals at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics befo ...
(born 1988),
heptathlon athlete
*
Violetta Egorova
Violetta Egorova (Russian: Виолетта Викторовна Егорова) is a Russian concert pianist.
Biography
She was born in Krasnodar on November 16, 1969, a city on the southernmost section of Russia. She began to play and improvis ...
(born 1969), concert pianist
*
Ilya Ezhov
Ilya Ezhov (born January 12, 1987) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Playing career
Ezhov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing wit ...
(born 1987), ice hockey goaltender,
Gagarin Cup
The Gagarin Cup (russian: Кубок Гагарина, Kubok Gagarina) is the trophy presented to the winner of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) playoffs, and is named after Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space. The Cup was ...
champion
*
Pyotr Gavrilov
Pyotr Mikhaylovich Gavrilov (russian: Пётр Миха́йлович Гаври́лов; 30 June 1900 – 26 January 1979) was a Soviet officer known as the hero of the Defense of Brest Fortress.Heroes of Soviet UnionГаврилов Пётр М ...
(1900–1979), Soviet war hero, last
defender of the Brest Fortress
*
Alexander Karasyov
Alexander Karasyov (Russian — Александр Владимирович Карасёв, transl. ''Alexandr Vladimirovich Karasev'') is a Russian writer living in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Biography
Alexander Karasyov was born in Krasnodar, R ...
(born 1971), writer
*
Irina Karavayeva
Irina Vladimirovna Karavayeva (born 18 May 1975 in Krasnodar) is a Russian trampoline gymnast, competing at an international level since 1990.
Career
Originally beginning her sports career as a tumbler, Karavayeva soon switched to trampolini ...
(born 1975), trampoline gymnast
*
Eduard Koksharov
Eduard Aleksandrovich Koksharov (russian: link=no, Эдуард Александрович Кокшаров, born 4 November 1975) is a Russian handball player and coach of the Russian national team.
He played as a left winger. He retired from ...
(born 1975), handball player
*
Viktor Likhonosov
Viktor Ivanovich Likhonosov (russian: Ви́ктор Ива́нович Лихоно́сов, 30 April 1936 – 9 August 2021) was a Russian writer, laureate of the Russian State Prize (1988), the International Mikhail Sholokhov prize and the fir ...
(1936–2021), writer
*
Boris Loza
Boris Loza (May 5, 1960) is the founder of SafePatrol Solutions and Tego Systems, as well as a Certified Information Systems Security Professional ( CISSP). He was born in Krasnodar, Russia, where he attained a Master's degree at the age of 22 ...
(born 1960), information systems security professional
*
Anna Netrebko
Anna Yuryevna Netrebko (russian: Анна Юрьевна Нетребко; born 18 September 1971) is an Austrian operatic soprano with an active international career and performed prominently at the Salzburg Festival, Metropolitan Opera, Vienna ...
(born 1971), opera singer
*
Gennady Padalka
Gennady Ivanovich Padalka (russian: Гeннадий Иванович Падалка; born 21 June 1958 in Krasnodar, Soviet Union) is a Russian Air Force officer and a Roscosmos cosmonaut. Padalka currently holds the world record for List of spac ...
(born 1958), cosmonaut
*
Lazaros Papadopoulos
Lazaros Papadopoulos (Greek: Λάζαρος Παπαδόπουλος; born 3 June 1980) is a Greek former professional basketball player. He was listed at 7 ft (2.13 m) 265 lbs (120 kg), and he played the center position. During hi ...
, (born 1980), Greek basketball player
*
Viktor Popkov
Viktor Alekseyevich Popkov (russian: Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Попко́в; June 17, 1946 – June 2, 2001) was a Russian dissident, Christian, humanitarian, human rights activist and journalist.
A deeply religious Old Believer and ...
(1946–2001), Old Believer & Humanitarian
*
Andrei Shkuro
Andrei Grigoriyevich Shkuro (russian: Андре́й Григо́рьевич Шкуро́, Ukrainian: Андрій Григорович Шкуро; 19 January 1887 ( O.S.: 7 January) – 17 January 1947) was a Lieutenant General (1919) of the ...
(1887–1947), counter revolutionary
*
Alexander Tamanian
Alexander Tamanian (, March 4, 1878 – February 20, 1936) was a Russian-born Armenian neoclassical architect, well known for his work in the city of Yerevan.
Life and work
Tamanian was born in the city of Yekaterinodar in 1878 in the family of ...
(1878–1936),
neoclassical architect
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing style ...
*
Sergei Tiviakov
Sergei Tiviakov (russian: Серге́й Тивяков; born 14 February 1973) is a Russian–Dutch chess grandmaster. He is a three-time Dutch Champion and was European Champion in 2008.
Chess career
Tiviakov won the World Under-18 Champion ...
(born 1973), chess Grandmaster
*
Sergei Vorzhev
Sergei Vorzhev (Russian: ''Сергей Дмитриевич Воржев;'' born 21 February 1950) is a Russian artist based in Krasnodar.
Biography
Sergei Dmitrievich Vorzhev was born on 21 February 1950 in Varenikovskaya cossack village of ...
(born 1950), artist
*
Inna Zhukova
Inna Zhukova ( be, Іна Іванаўна Жукава; russian: Инна Ивановна Жукова: ''Inna Ivanovna Zhukova'', born on September 6, 1986 in Krasnodar, Soviet Union) is a Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 200 ...
(born 1986), rhythmic gymnast
*
Yevgeniya Zhigulenko
Yevgeniya Andreyevna Zhigulenko (russian: Евгения Андреевна Жигуленко; 1 December 1920 – 2 March 1994) was a pilot and navigator in the Night Witches, 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Ai ...
(1920-1994) navigator
46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, film-maker
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Krasnodar is
twinned with:
*
Burgas
Burgas ( bg, Бургас, ), sometimes transliterated as ''Bourgas'', is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a popu ...
, Bulgaria
*
Ferrara
Ferrara (, ; egl, Fràra ) is a city and ''comune'' in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream ...
, Italy
*
Harbin
Harbin (; mnc, , v=Halbin; ) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital and the largest city of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population after Shenyang and largest ...
, China
*
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe ( , , ; South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. ...
, Germany
*
Nancy, France
*
Sukhumi
Sukhumi (russian: Суху́м(и), ) or Sokhumi ( ka, სოხუმი, ), also known by its Abkhaz name Aqwa ( ab, Аҟәа, ''Aqwa''), is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast. It is both the capital and largest city of ...
, Georgia
*
Tallahassee
Tallahassee ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2020, the population ...
, United States
*
Wels
Wels (; Central Bavarian: ''Wös'') is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of approximately 60,000, the eighth largest city in Austria.
Geography
Wels is in the H ...
, Austria
Partner cities
Krasnodar cooperates with:
[
* ]Larnaca
Larnaca ( el, Λάρνακα ; tr, Larnaka) is a city on the south east coast of Cyprus and the capital of the district of the same name. It is the third-largest city in the country, after Nicosia and Limassol, with a metro population of 144 ...
, Cyprus
* Nottingham
Nottingham ( , East Midlands English, locally ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located north-west of London, south-east ...
, United Kingdom
* Yerevan
Yerevan ( , , hy, Երևան , sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Y ...
, Armenia
See also
* Geography of Krasnodar
Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia. It has a total area of . It is the largest city and capital of Krasnodar Krai by population and the second-largest by area. It is the 17th-largest city in Russia as of 2010. It is located on the right bank ...
*List of mayors of Krasnodar
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations
* List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
* SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
*
*Lichtblau, Eric. "The Nazis Next Door: How America Became A Safe Haven For Hitler's Men" (2014) pp: 47–48.
Bibliography
External links
Official website of Krasnodar City Administration and City Duma
Krasnodar news
News and events in Krasnodar
Old pictures of Yekaterinodar
{{Use mdy dates, date=September 2012
Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai
Kuban Oblast
1794 establishments in the Russian Empire
Populated places established in 1793
Holocaust locations in Russia