Krasnaya Gorka (Красная Горка meaning Red Hill) is a

coastal artillery Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. From the Middle Ages until World War II, coastal artillery and naval artillery in the form of c ...

fortress in Lomonosovsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located on the southern shore of the

Gulf of Finland The Gulf of Finland ( fi, Suomenlahti; et, Soome laht; rus, Фи́нский зали́в, r=Finskiy zaliv, p=ˈfʲinskʲɪj zɐˈlʲif; sv, Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and E ...

, opposite

Kotlin Island Kotlin (russian: Ко́тлин) ( sv, Reitskär) is a Russian island, located near the head of the Gulf of Finland, west of Saint Petersburg in the Baltic Sea. Kotlin separates the Neva Bay from the rest of the gulf. The fortified city of Kronst ...

and the

Baltic Fleet , image = Great emblem of the Baltic fleet.svg , image_size = 150 , caption = Baltic Fleet Great ensign , dates = 18 May 1703 – present , country = , allegiance = (1703–1721) (1721–1917) (1917–1922) (1922–1991)(1991–present) ...

's base at

Kronstadt Kronstadt (russian: Кроншта́дт, Kronshtadt ), also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt or Kronštádt (from german: link=no, Krone for "crown" and ''Stadt'' for "city") is a Russian port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of ...

. The nearest settlement is Lebyazhye (Лебяжье).

History

The fort was established in the 18th Century and substantially modernised in the late 19th – early 20th century with the installation of 12 inch guns in concrete casemates. There is an outlying fort called '' Seraya Loshad'' (Grey Horse) containing smaller guns. The work was completed in 1914. During the

Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...

the fort helped defend the city of

Petrograd Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

. In June 1919 the garrison mutinied against the Bolshevik regime but the revolt was suppressed. Alhough the

Estonian Army The Estonian Land Forces ( et, Maavägi), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defense Forces where it has an offensive military formation role. It is currently the largest ...

and the British Royal Navy actively supported the White Russian Northern Corps in the area, their attacks were not able to aid the mutineers. Later in autumn 1919 the forts were unsuccessfully attacked by the 1st Division of the Estonian Army, supported by bombardment by HMS ''Erebus''.Jaan Maide (1933
Ülevaade Eesti vabadussõjast
Kaitseliit publishers, Tartu In 1921 the guns of the fort bombarded Kronstadt during the

rebellion Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...

. During World War II the fort played a vital part in defending the

Siege of Leningrad The siege of Leningrad (russian: links=no, translit=Blokada Leningrada, Блокада Ленинграда; german: links=no, Leningrader Blockade; ) was a prolonged military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the Soviet city of L ...

and maintaining the

Oranienbaum Bridgehead The Oranienbaum Bridgehead ( in Russian) was an isolated portion of the Leningrad Oblast in Russia, which was retained under Soviet control during the siege of Leningrad in World War II. It played a significant role in protecting the city. Histo ...

. The fort was decommissioned in 1960 and partially demolished.

Gallery

File:ENTRANCE TO Krasnaya Gorka fort.JPG, Entrance to Krasnaya Gorka fort File:Memorial Krasnaya Gorka fort 1.JPG, Memorial at Krasnaya Gorka fort File:Memorial Krasnaya Gorka fort 2.JPG, Memorial at Krasnaya Gorka fort File:TM-1-180, Krasnaya Gorka fort 1.JPG, TM-1-180

Railway Gun A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railroad car, railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the ...

, Krasnaya Gorka fort File:TM-3-12, Krasnaya Gorka fort 4.JPG, TM-3-12

, Krasnaya Gorka fort File:TM-3-12, Krasnaya Gorka fort 2.JPG, TM-3-12

, Krasnaya Gorka fort

References

Site in English Language
{{Authority control Forts in Russia 18th-century establishments in the Russian Empire Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Leningrad Oblast Buildings and structures in Leningrad Oblast

History

Gallery

See also

References