Krakatoa Krakatoa (), also transcribed (), is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group (Krakatoa archipelago) comprising four islands. Tw ...

, in the

Sunda Strait The Sunda Strait ( id, Selat Sunda) is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java island, Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean. Etymology The strait takes its name from the Sunda Kingdom, which ruled the weste ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, has attracted a significant literature and media response to the 1883 eruption and subsequent events in the vicinity.

Nonfiction

Books

* Alfred, E. & Seward, A.C., ''The New Flora of the Volcanic Island of Krakatau'', (reissued by

Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...

2009, ) * C. A. Backer; ''The Problem of Krakatao as Seen By a Botanist'' (1929). Examines the "Krakatau problem"- whether or not all life was destroyed by the 1883 eruption. * Rupert Furneaux; ''Krakatoa'' (1964). This came out just a few years before the theory of

plate tectonics Plate tectonics (from the la, label=Late Latin, tectonicus, from the grc, τεκτονικός, lit=pertaining to building) is the generally accepted scientific theory that considers the Earth's lithosphere to comprise a number of large ...

was adopted. * David Keys; ''Catastrophe: An Investigation into the Origins of the Modern World'' (1999). * Mohammad Saleh; '' Syair Lampung Karam'' (Singapore, 1883); the only known account written by a local in the

Malay language Malay (; ms, Bahasa Melayu, links=no, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , Rejang script, Rencong: ) is an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spo ...

, a poem. * * Tom Simkin & Richard S. Fiske, (editors), ''Krakatau 1883: The Volcanic Eruption and Its Effects'' was written for the centenary of the event and provides source material that had previously been unavailable in English. * Symons, G.J. (ed); ''The Eruption of Krakatoa and Subsequent Phenomena'' (Report of the Krakatoa Committee of the Royal Society) London (1888) * Ian Thornton; ''Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island Ecosystem'' (1996) * *

Rogier Verbeek Rogier Diederik Marius Verbeek (7 April 1845, Doorn – 9 April 1926, The Hague) was a Dutch geologist and natural scientist. His journal ''Krakatau'', which was edited in 1884 and 1885 by order of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indi ...

's initial report on the eruption ran in ''

Nature Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physics, physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomenon, phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. ...

'' in May 1884. His book ''Krakatau'' was printed in 1885 in Dutch; a French translation (called ''Krakatau Atlas'') is in two volumes. *

Simon Winchester Simon Winchester (born 28 September 1944) is a British-American author and journalist. In his career at ''The Guardian'' newspaper, Winchester covered numerous significant events, including Bloody Sunday and the Watergate Scandal. Winchester has ...

; '' Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded, 27 August 1883'' explores the eruption of Krakatoa and the history of the region, the early

spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish. Spices a ...

trade, the growth of colonial governments, explains the geology of volcanos and describes in detail the series of eruptions and

tsunami A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explo ...

s and their effects around the globe.

Film

* ''

'', a short (26 min) 1933 teaching film about the volcano that won the

Academy Award The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...

for Best Short Subject, Novelty for its producer

Joe Rock Joe Rock (born Joseph Simberg, December 25, 1893 – December 5, 1984) was an American film producer, director, actor,Obituary ''Variety'', December 12, 1984, page 63. and screenwriter. He produced a series of 12 two reel short subject A short ...

. This movie was notable for overwhelming the sound systems of the

cinemas A movie theater (American English), cinema (British English), or cinema hall (Indian English), also known as a movie house, picture house, the movies, the pictures, picture theater, the silver screen, the big screen, or simply theater is a ...

of the time. In

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, the distributors insisted on a power output of 10 watts RMS as a minimum for cinemas wishing to show the movie. This was then considered a large system, and forced many cinemas to upgrade. A revised version was made in 1966 for the

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...

. There are several recent videos of Krakatoa uploaded onto

YouTube YouTube is a global online video platform, online video sharing and social media, social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by ...

showing the inside of its crater and it erupting.

Television

* "Ultimate Blast: Eruption at Krakatau" has been aired on

Discovery Channel Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. , Discovery Channe ...

, as part of the '' Moments in Time'' series. * The 1883 eruption is reconstructed in the

BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the BBC. The corporation has operated a public broadcast television service in the United Kingdom, under the terms of a royal charter, since 1927. It produced television programmes from its own studios from 193 ...

docudrama Docudrama (or documentary drama) is a genre of television and film, which features dramatized re-enactments of actual events. It is described as a hybrid of documentary and drama and "a fact-based representation of real event". Docudramas typic ...

'' Krakatoa: The Last Days'', first broadcast in May 2006. It was broadcast in the U.S. as ''Krakatoa: Volcano of Destruction'' on the

. * The 2007 episode "Krakatoa's Revenge" of

The History Channel History (formerly The History Channel from January 1, 1995 to February 15, 2008, stylized as HISTORY) is an American pay television network and flagship channel owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Disney ...

's disaster-themed documentary series ''

Mega Disasters ''Mega Disasters'' is an American documentary television series that originally aired from May 23, 2006 to July 2008 on The History Channel. Produced by Creative Differences, the program explores potential catastrophic threats to individual cit ...

'' features the volcano's active history and imminent future. * The 2009 episode "Krakatoa" of History's geology-based documentary series ''

How the Earth Was Made ''How the Earth Was Made'' is a documentary television series produced by Pioneer Productions for the History channel. It began as a two-hour special exploring the geological history of Earth, airing on December 16, 2007. Focusing on different g ...

'' also chronicles the geologic history of Krakatoa. * In a 1991 episode of the TV show

Seinfeld ''Seinfeld'' ( ) is an American television sitcom created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld. It aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, over nine seasons and List of Seinfeld episodes, 180 episodes. It stars Seinfeld as Jerry Seinfeld ( ...

Jerry Jerry may refer to: Animals * Jerry (Grand National winner), racehorse, winner of the 1840 Grand National * Jerry (St Leger winner), racehorse, winner of 1824 St Leger Stakes Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Jerry'' (film), a 2006 Indian fil ...

(in 1985) is tricked by Kramer into donating money to the Krakatoa relief fund, even though it erupted 102 years earlier.

References

{{reflist, 30em Krakatoa Bibliographies of history