Koustouganes ( grc-x-medieval, Κουστουγάνης) was a
Turkmen
Turkmen, Türkmen, Turkoman, or Turkman may refer to:
Peoples Historical ethnonym
* Turkoman (ethnonym), ethnonym used for the Oghuz Turks during the Middle Ages
Ethnic groups
* Turkmen in Anatolia and the Levant (Seljuk and Ottoman-Turkish desc ...
chieftain who was the earliest known head of the
Emirate of Chalybia
Beylik of Hacıemir (also called ''Beylik of Bayram'') was a beylik (lordship) in the north Anatolia in a part of 14th and 15th centuries. The historical documents about the beylik are scarce. In some documents the beylik was named ''Bayramoğull ...
. He first appeared in records when he attacked the town of
Kerasous in 1301.
Name
The original version of the name ( grc-x-medieval, Κουστουγάνης) is a matter of dispute. Historian
Anthony Bryer
Anthony Applemore Mornington Bryer (31 October 1937 – 22 October 2016) FSA FRHistS was a British historian of the Byzantine Empire and founder of the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham.
Bio ...
connected it with the name ().
Elizabeth Zachariadou Elizabeth A. Zachariadou ( el, Ελισάβετ Α. Ζαχαριάδου, 1931 – 26 December 2018) was a Greek scholar on Turkish studies, specializing in the early Ottoman Empire (ca. 1300–1600).
Biography
In 1966 she married the Byzantinist ...
suggested it was . According to Necati Demir, the original form was , which echoes in the toponyms of the region. The fortress of Kuşdoğan stands 36 kilometers from Giresun, nestled 4 kilometers to the north of
Dereli.
Tahrir defters from 1515 and 1530 refer to the village surrounding Kuşdoğan Castle as Kuştoğan. Similarly, Kuştoğan village, currently known as Kuşluhan, is situated approximately 5.5 kilometers north of
Bulancak. Records from 1455 additionally list the villages of Kuşdoğan (currently a neighborhood of
Gölköy District known as Kuşluvan) within the Niyabet-i Hafsamana, and the village of Kuştoğan (presently a neighborhood of Tepeköy) under the Nahiye-i Niyabet-i Gerish-i Ihtiyar. Additionally, within the Janik sanjak, Kuştoğan village (part of present-day Ünye District) was documented within the Satilmish nahiye.
Life
Koustouganes first appeared in records when he attacked the town of
Kerasous in 1301. Emperor
Alexios II of Trebizond () "deadened his pride" by restoring the city's fortifications. Koustouganes attacked from the western direction, a region that houses almost no monuments from his era and where mountains come perpendicular to the coastline. The region under the influence of Koustouganes spanned from
Oeneion to Kerasous. While his death date and burial site are unknown, a damaged (tomb) in the village of
Kale, Mesudiye possibly belongs to him.
References
Bibliography
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* {{cite book , last1=Zachariadou , first1=Elizabeth , title=Romania and the Turks, C.1300-c.1500 , date=1985 , publisher=Variorum Reprints , isbn=9780860781592 , oclc=12525542
14th-century military personnel
Emirs of Chalybia