Kota Buruk, literally meaning "Fort of Ruins" in

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

, is a historic site believed to be located at today's Kampung Tanjung Selabu, Jorak, Sungai Terap,

Bukit Pasir Bukit Pasir ( Jawi: بوكيت ڤاسير; ) is a small town in Muar District, Johor, Malaysia. Chinese is the majority ethnic group in this town and follow by Malays and Indians. Bukit Pasir is a small town between Muar and Pagoh. It is about f ...

Pagoh Pagoh is a suburb in Muar District, Johor, Malaysia. Pagoh is accessible via one of the main interchanges on the North–South Expressway, the major expressway on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. There are several federal government instit ...

, Muar,

Johor Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

. This site purportedly said to be identified as the original Kota Buruk location and is being preserved as a historic place for the public to visit. Nearby, another historic site, the fort of Biawak Busuk, is believed to be located. This fort and Biawak Busuk are two historical sites in ancient

Malacca Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site si ...

's history which Parameswara opened during his stop over and stay in

, Muar when exiled from

Temasik Temasek (also spelt Temasik) is an early recorded name of a settlement on the site of modern Singapore. The name appears in early Malay and Javanese literature, and it is also recorded in Yuan and Ming Chinese documents as ''Danmaxi'' ( or ) ...

, before his move to Malacca and open the Malacca sultanate empire. There are a few sources of history records regarding these events, as follows: *

João de Barros João de Barros () (1496 – 20 October 1570), called the ''Portuguese Livy'', is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his ''Décadas da Ásia'' ("Decades of Asia"), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southea ...

wrote in 1553 in his 2nd ''Décadas da Ásia'' ("Decades of Asia"), a history of the

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

that Parameswara (Paramicura) who were driven away from

after he killed the representative of the

King of Siam The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the king of Thailand; th, พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, or historically, king of Siam; th, พระมหากษัตริย์สยาม) refers to the c ...

, Temagi, had escaped in exile and stopped in Muar and built in rural areas of Muar called

. *

Tun Sri Lanang Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad, better known as Tun Sri Lanang,Agus, Abdul Aziz, ''Tokoh yang Kukoh, dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama dan Baru, oleh Agus Salim: Dengan Sejarah Sastera'', pg 72 was the Bendahara (Grand Vizier) of the royal Court of Johor ...

: Shellabear version: In the Sejarah Melayu or

Malay Annals The ''Malay Annals'' (Malay: ''Sejarah Melayu'', Jawi: سجاره ملايو), originally titled ''Sulalatus Salatin'' (''Genealogy of Kings''), is a literary work that gives a romanticised history of the origin, evolution and demise of the gr ...

states that

during the reign of Parameswara (Sultan Iskandar Shah) was defeated by

Majapahit Kingdom Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia) ...

. But he and his family including his followers had fled to

, Muar and opened two areas on the banks of the

Muar River The Muar River ( ms, Sungai Muar) is a river which flows through the states of Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang in Malaysia. The river also flows through Muar town. History The Muar River formed part of the '' Penarikan'', an ancient overlan ...

; Biawak Busuk and build a fort called Kota Buruk before moved to and opened up

Melaka Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has bee ...

. In 1488, Malacca Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (1477–1488) has died and buried in

, Ulu Muar. *

Tomé Pires Tomé Pires (1465?–1524 or 1540)Madureira, 150–151. was a Portuguese apothecary from Lisbon who spent 1512 to 1515 in Malacca immediately after the Portuguese conquest, at a time when Europeans were only first arriving in Southeast As ...

(

Suma Oriental Suma may refer to: Places * Suma, Azerbaijan, a village * Suma, East Azerbaijan, a village in Iran * Sowmaeh, Ardabil, also known as Şūmā, a village in Iran * Suma-ku, Kobe, one of nine wards of Kobe City in Japan ** Suma Station, a rai ...

): This source highlighted the emergence of Parameswara replacing his father, Raja Sam Agi as the ruler of

Palembang Palembang () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census. Palembang ...

who had opened Malacca. He was attacked by the King of Java, Batara Tamavill for declaring himself as 'Mjeura'(those who dare) and fled to Temasik (Singapore). After killing Siamese King of Ayutthaya representative, Temagi there, he secretly ruled

for five years. But fearing the revenge attacked by the

King of Ayutthaya The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the king of Thailand; th, พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, or historically, king of Siam; th, พระมหากษัตริย์สยาม) refers to the c ...

, he fled to

, Muar with his 1,000 followers and lived there for six years when the

Seletar Seletar is an area located in the north-east of Singapore. Its name can also refer to the Seletar Planning Area (as defined by the Urban Redevelopment Authority), situated in the North-East Region of Singapore. The place name was derived from th ...

peoples were still occupying Malacca.

References

External links

Makam Kota Buruk Di Sungai Muar, aidiel's FotoPage, By: aidiel rizal, Wednesday, 1 November 2006
Muar District History of Muar History of Johor Forts in Malaysia Buildings and structures in Johor Tourist attractions in Johor {{Coord missing, Malaysia