This article uses
Logar transcription.
The Kostel dialect ( sl, kostelsko narečje ,
[Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'' vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.] ,
[Logar, Tine. 1996. ''Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave''. Ljubljana: SAZU, p. 203.] ;
[Horvat, Sonja. 1994. "Nekaj naglasnih in fonoloških značilnosti slovenskega kostelskega govora." ''Slavistična revija'' 42: 305–312, p. 305.] ), in Croatian literature also eastern microdialects of Western Goran subdialect (, , , ),
is a dialect, spoken along the
Kupa
The Kupa () or Kolpa ( or ; from la, Colapis in Roman times; hu, Kulpa) river, a right tributary of the Sava, forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia. It is long, with its border part having a length of and t ...
Valley in
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
and
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
, around
Banja Loka and
Brod na Kupi
Brod na Kupi () is a village located 12 km north of Delnice, in the western part of Gorski Kotar in Croatia. A bridge connects it with Petrina in Slovenia. Its population is 207 (2011 census).
References
Populated places in Prim ...
.
[Toporišič, Jože. 1992. ''Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika''. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 88.] Dialect originates from
Alpine Slavic, a predecessor of nowadays Slovene, but speakers living in Croatia self-identify as speaking Croatian. Dialect borders
Mixed Kočevje subdialects to the north,
Southern White Carniolan and
Eastern Goran dialect to the east,
Čabranka dialect to the west, and
Goran dialects to the south and east, as well
Shtokavian
Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. It ...
, which is spoken in
Moravice and neighbouring villages. The dialect belongs to the
Lower Carniolan dialect group
The Lower Carniolan dialect group (''dolenjska narečna skupina''Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'' vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The ...
, and evolved from the Lower Carniolan dialect base.
Until recently, neighbouring Čabranka dialect considered to be a part of Kostel dialect, but it was later discovered both dialects evolved differently, but are in process of becoming more similar to each other.
Geographical distribution
Kostel dialect is spoken in Croatia, but the northernmost part extends into southern Slovenia. It extends from
Kuželj and
Gornji Turni in the west, south to
Ravna Gora, as far east as
Razdrto and north to
Banja Loka and
Kostel.It is the southernmost Slovene dialect. Notable settlements include
Kuželj,
Guče Selo,
Brod na Kupi
Brod na Kupi () is a village located 12 km north of Delnice, in the western part of Gorski Kotar in Croatia. A bridge connects it with Petrina in Slovenia. Its population is 207 (2011 census).
References
Populated places in Prim ...
,
Krivac,
Gornji Turni,
Kupjak,
Ravna Gora,
Skrad
Skrad is a municipality in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. There are 1,062 inhabitants, with 97% Croats (2011).
See also
*Zeleni Vir Hydroelectric Power Plant
Zeleni Vir Hydroelectric Power Plant is a hydroelectric power ...
,
Brod Moravice,
Lokvica
Lokvica () is a settlement in the Municipality of Miren-Kostanjevica in the Littoral region of Slovenia next to the border with Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Souther ...
and
Šimatovo in Croatia, and
Vas,
Fara,
Kuželj and
Potok in Slovenia.
The border between Kostel dialect,
South White Carniolan dialect
This article uses Logar transcription.
The South White Carniolan dialect ( , , ) is a Slovene dialect heavily influenced by Shtokavian dialects. It is spoken in southern White Carniola, south of Dobliče and Griblje. However, it is not spoke ...
and
Mixed kočevje subdialects is a bit unclear and Kostel dialect might also extend down the Kupa river on Slovene side.
Accentual changes
Kostel dialect lost the difference between high- and low-pitched accent, both on long and short vowels, which are still differentiated.
It also underwent three accent shifts: → , → , / → / , → , and → accent shift.
Phonology
Almost all vowels have monophthongized, which sets this dialect apart from all other Lower Carniolan dialects.
* Non-final and is pronounced as or .
* Vowel is pronounced as or .
* Non-final and , as well as non-final and are pronounced as or .
* Similarly, non-final and , as well as are pronounced as or .
* Newly stressed and after → shift mostly got simplified into and , or and , respectively.
* Non-final and turned into .
* Non-final and turned into .
* Non-final and became .
* Non-final and became .
* Non-final and evolved into long or short .
* Non-final and mostly evolved into , but some microdialects still pronounce them as .
Akanye
Akanye or akanje ( be, аканне, russian: а́канье, ), literally "''a''-ing", is a sound change in Slavic languages in which the phonemes or are realized as more or less close to . It is a case of vowel reduction.
The most familiar ...
is not that common, but ukanye is, turning word-final into or . Unstressed is reduced into , , or . Unstressed evolved into . Banja Loka and Delač microdialects also have unstressed long vowels, which became unstressed after accent shifts.
Word-final mostly turned into . Palatal and have not depalatalized. If a word started with , then appeared before, and if a word started with , appeared before. It, however, lost the before at the beginning of a word. Alpine Slovene evolved into non-sonorant , which
devoices if at the end of a word or before a non-voiced consonant. Clusters and simplified into and , respectively. Other consonant simplifications also appeared, such as → .
Morphology
Dual forms were fully replaced by plural forms. Future and preterite tense are formed using the l-participle.
Vocabulary
A priest and
slavicist
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic areas, languages, literature, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was prim ...
Jože Gregorič collected almost 17 000 words spoken in Slovene part of Kostel dialect, from
Srobotnik to
Grgelj, which is currently still listed as belonging to Mixed Kočevje subdialects and published a dictionary of Kostel dialect.
References
Bibliography
*
*
{{Languages of Slovenia
Slovene dialects