The Koskull family ( lv, Koskuli, russian: Коскуль), also written as Koschkull, is a wealthy

aristocratic Aristocracy (, ) is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats. The term derives from the el, αριστοκρατία (), meaning 'rule of the best'. At the time of the word' ...

family of

Livonia Livonia ( liv, Līvõmō, et, Liivimaa, fi, Liivinmaa, German and Scandinavian languages: ', archaic German: ''Liefland'', nl, Lijfland, Latvian and lt, Livonija, pl, Inflanty, archaic English: ''Livland'', ''Liwlandia''; russian: Ли ...

n origins, famous for their extensive lands and manors. The family are descendants of the first King of Livonia and officially established as Koskele in 1302 in Livonia. The family spread to

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

, Courland and

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

throughout the 15th century, Sweden and

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

in the 17th century, and

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

in the 18th century. Several branches of the family still exist today, and is believed to be related to the von der

Pahlen The House of Pahlen (german: von der Pahlen; russian: link=no, Пален, Palen) is a German, Estonian, Russian, Lithuanian, Swedish and Baltic German noble family of Pomeranian origin. History The family probably originated from Pomerania, ...

family. The family was enrolled in the Livonian Knighthood in 1742, in the Estonian Knighthood in 1777 and in the Courland Knighthood in 1841. In 1834, the family was granted a baron rank in

. The highest count title (

Imperial Count Imperial Count (german: Reichsgraf) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire. In the medieval era, it was used exclusively to designate the holder of an imperial county, that is, a fief held directly ( immediately) from the emperor, rather than from ...

) of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...

was awarded to the family in 1805, and in 1898 the family became counts in Imperial Russia. In Sweden the family were granted

noble A noble is a member of the nobility. Noble may also refer to: Places Antarctica * Noble Glacier, King George Island * Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land * Noble Peak, Wiencke Island * Noble Rocks, Graham Land Australia * Noble Island, Gr ...

status in 1638, two branches were then uplifted to a baron status in 1719 and 1720. The imperial county title was later on transferred by decree to a Swedish branch of the family. Currently, the Swedish branch owns 20,000

hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100- metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is ...

s across the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

and an estate of 6,000 hectares in Sweden, called Engaholm. The family's combined net worth is estimated to be $1.6 billion.

History

Origins

The first written information on the family dates back to 1302, when Andreas de Koskele was mentioned as a vassal in the

Archbishopric of Riga The Archbishopric of Riga ( la, Archiepiscopatus Rigensis, nds, Erzbisdom Riga) was an archbishopric in Medieval Livonia, a subject to the Holy See. It was established in 1186 as the bishopric of Livonia at Ikšķile, then after moving to Rig ...

. It is believed that he was the grandson of Gerhard de Koskele, the illegitimate son of Emperor Frederick II. It is most probable that Gerhard was part of the

Livonian Crusade The Livonian crusade refers to the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – in what is now Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal -sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12–13th century. The Livonian crusade was cond ...

s, which would explain his marriage to Magdalena, the daughter of

Caupo of Turaida Caupo of Turaida, or Kaupo (died 21 September 1217) was a leader of the Finnic-speaking Livonian people in the beginning of the 13th century, in what is now part of Latvia and Estonia. He is sometimes called a 'King of Livonia', the Chronicle ...

. In addition, the Koskull family claim descent from Caupo of Turaida, who was considered the first King of Livonia and who helped Bishop Meinhard spread Christianity in the region. Caupo himself converted to Christianity in 1186, and travelled to Rome to meet with

Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III ( la, Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 ...

in 1203. The Pope had granted and confirmed the title Caupo of Livonia and a coat of arms depicting three golden lilies in a purple background. The Koskull family and the

Lieven The House of Lieven ( lv, Līveni; russian: Ливен) is one of the oldest aristocratic families of Baltic Germans. History The family claims descent from Caupo of Turaida (Latvian, ''Kaupo''), the Livonian ''quasi rex'' who converted to C ...

family bear similar coat of arms: three lilies positioned identically. Furthermore, the two families have traced their origins to Caupo of Turaid

Relation to the Von Der Pahlen family

According to a legend, the family owned both sides of

Lake Burtnieks Lake Burtnieks ( lv, Burtnieka ezers, et, Asti järv) is the fourth largest lake in Latvia. It is shallow with an average depth of 2.9 m. The lake bed is mainly sandy, in places a little muddy. In the southeast part of the lake there is Devonian ...

in the 13th century, but due to a dispute between two brothers, it was decided that one brother would keep the Burtnieki side, while the other would keep the other side. The brother with the Burtnieki side had an oak beam with iron tires rammed into the lake to indicate the border, and also adopted a different name: von der

. He then changed the Koskull's

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...

background color to yellow while retaining the lake leaves, and hung it on the oak beam. Thereafter the von der Pahlen family was born.

Baltic branches

The Koskulls are among the oldest Livonian families and were among the most influential and respected families in

Terra Mariana Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary") was the official name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia ( nds, Oolt-Livland, liv, Jemā-Līvõmō, et, Vana-Liivimaa, lv, Livonija). It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade ...

. The first written information on the family appeared as the vassal of the Archbishop of Riga, as Andreas de Koskele in 1302. Throughout the 14th century, the family acquired vast lands and large manors. In the 14th century the family owned land properties in the Dikli-Augstroze parish region of Līvu galā, now known as the Dikļi and Umurga parishes. Several family members participated in the wars of the Livonian Confederation in the 16th century, such as Klaus Koskull, who can be found in the 1423

Treaty of Melno The Treaty of Melno ( lt, Melno taika; pl, Pokój melneński) or Treaty of Lake Melno (german: Friede von Melnosee) was a peace treaty ending the Gollub War. It was signed on 27 September 1422, between the Teutonic Knights and an alliance of th ...

(Vertag von Melno-See) with the

Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lit ...

. The family was enrolled into the Livonian Knighthood under Nr 33, Estonian Knighthood under Nr 29 and into the Curonian Knighthood under Nr 138, all with a Baron title. The family was also enrolled with a

Count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

title into the Livonian Knighthood under Nr 328, and into the Curonian Knighthood under Nr 260. They are one of few families who immigrated from Germany to Livonia during the

s in the 13th century. First mentioned in 1302, the family settled in the northern part of the archdiocese of Riga, present day Dickeln parish, and acquired many estates during the colonization period. Their primary ancestral estates consisted of Lappier, Koskullshof (Stumpen), Schujen, Pahlen and Seckendorf. It is certain that the family has a common origin with the von der Pahlen family, who carry the same coat of arms, three sea leaves, and who appeared in the region at about the same time. The family also owned the estates Napküll, Sutzen, Kulsdorf, Mazauce, Ostrominski (Košķele) as well as the village of Lemskull. Peter von Koskull acquired the Asuppen and Adsirn estates in 1719. During the 14th century, the family branched out to nearby dioceses (1385-04-25—Mauritius, Berend and Godeke Koskull are mentioned in the diocese of

Dorpat Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after the Northern European country's political and financial capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 91,407 (as of 2021). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of ...

. 1360-05-09—Andreas Koskull in Osel). In the archdiocese the family held important positions, such as Brand Koskull (bailiff at

Turaida Castle Turaida Castle ( lv, Turaidas pils, german: Treiden, Treyden, russian: Турайдский замок; meaning ''Thor's garden'' in Livonian) is a recently reconstructed medieval castle in Turaida, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the opposite ...

from 1417 to 1420), Jakob Koskull (bailiff at the

Koknese Castle Koknese Castle ( lv, Kokneses pils, german: Burg Kokenhusen) is a complex in Koknese, Latvia, dating from the 13th century. The castle was situated on a high bluff overlooking the Daugava river valley. In 1965 a hydroelectric dam was built downri ...

in 1469) and held significant estates, mainly in Ubbenorm and the surrounding parishes. From Livonia, the family branched out to Courland and Estonia. Reinhold Koskull, who moved to Courland in 1603 from Dorpat, started a branch there. His descendants acquired significant estates in the areas of Grobin, Windau and Talsen. The branch still exists today.

Swedish branches

The Koskull family in Sweden first appeared in the 1450s, when Brand Koskull the Elder migrated from Livonia. From then on members of the family held high positions in armies, courts and within the royal palace. The family is widely known in Sweden for its royal mistresses of several kings, notably

Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe née Koskull (22 November 1778 – 19 February 1852) was a Swedish lady-in-waiting and politically active salonist. Life Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull was the daughter of the courtier Baron Otto Anders Koskull and Amalia Be ...

and

Mariana Koskull Henrietta Mariana "Marianne" Charlotta Koskull (19 February 1785, in Växjö – 30 March 1841, in Stockholm) was a Swedish noble and lady-in-waiting, known as the royal mistress of King Charles XIII of Sweden and King Charles XIV John of Sweden. ...

. The relationship between the royal family and the Koskulls was viewed as very close, which rendered the family very influential within the aristocracy. At some stage the family had close relations with

Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

; however, it is unclear if it was only with Mariana and Aurora Koskull or if it extended to other family members. They are also one of the founders of Kosta Boda, a famous Swedish glassworks which was founded in 1742 by General Anders Koskull and Georg Bogislaus Staël von Holstein. The family had 3 branches, nr 248, 160 and 184 which all held noble or baron titles, with branch Nr 184 the sole surviving branch today. Teleborgs slott, Växjö, 2015e

Several towns are named after the family;

Koskullskulle Koskullskulle is a locality situated in Gällivare Municipality Gällivare Municipality ( sv, Gällivare kommun, fi, Jällivaaran kunta, no, Gällivare kommune, se, Jiellevárri gielda or ''Váhčira gielda'') is a municipality in Norrbotten ...

, Kosta. The first branch, Nr 248, was presented in 1638 by Anders Koskull the young (great-great-grandson of Brand Koskull the Elder), who served as a lieutenant and colonel of various regiments. In 1642 he became the Governor of Tartu County and in 1656 Governor of Viborg County. He was neutralized in 1638 as a nobleman by Queen Christina and died in 1676 as a Major General. His wife was Maria Catharina Frankelin whose mother was Constantina Eriksdotter, the daughter of King Erik XIV and Agda Persdotter. Their daughters married Boije af Gennäs, von Stackelberg and von Weissensée. Their eldest son, Anders, was a major in the Ostgöta infantry and married to a Klingspor. The family branch contained many notable individuals, however in 1748 the branch's last family member died. The second branch, Nr 160, was part of Nr 248 until Major General Anders Koskull (son of Erik Koskull) was elevated to a baron rank in 1719. He was married three times and had 9 children, however all of his sons died without an heir. He was the lord of Engaholm, which he passed on to his son-in-law, a Koskull from the branch Nr 184. Anders Koskull himself closed the branch in 1742. The third branch, Nr 184, was also elevated in 1720 from branch 248. Otto Johan Koskull was known to be the right hand of King Carl XII, fighting in numerous Swedish and Polish wars, hence the branch was born. His wife was Märta Bonde, daughter of von de Noth. One of their sons, Ulric Carl, went into Russian service as did his sons after him. The branch survived thanks to the youngest son of Otto Johan, the equestrian master Anders Gustaf who married a relative from the Koskull branch Nr 160. The family was then divided into two smaller branches. The main branch comes from Anders Gustaf's son, a court lieutenant Otto Anders Koskull. He had several children with Amalia Beata Silfversparre. The younger branch comes from war councilor Gustaf Fredrik Koskull, who married Anna Charlotta Gjelstrup in Hamburg. Their son Anders Erik Koskull, a court marshal, married Johanna Fredrica Sophia Fleming af Liebelitz. The current (2004) head of the family is Johan Koskull (born 1938) who owns and resides in the family estate Engaholm in Småland.

Russian branch

In Imperial Russia the family was enrolled in the “

General Armorial of the Noble Families of the Russian Empire The General Armorial of the Noble Families of the Russian Empire is the register of arms of the Russian noble families, established by decree of Emperor Paul I of January 31, 1797. January 31, 1797 Manifesto Twenty volumes of the coats of arms i ...

” in the 17th part. First announced by the Minister of Justice on 20 January 1805 to the ruling senate by imperial decree, Joseph Koskull was granted the highest count title (Imperial Count) of the

by the Emperor Franz II. In May 1897 the State council allowed the great-grandson of Imperial Count Joseph Koskull, court counselor Nikolai-Karl-Irnest Gospfor von Koskull to transfer his county title to a relative of his, Friedrich-Ernest-Alexander Karlov von Koskull in the name of the Tsar. The new title was later approved by a certain ruling senate on 5 November 1898. On 12 November that year the same ruling senate granted the oldest son of Count-Friedrich-Ernest-Alexander von Koskull, Adam-Karl-Edward-Wilhelm-Alexander von Koskull, to use the title of count following the death of his father. The diploma for the Counts dignity was signed on 2 January 1902. A member of the Russian branch, Count Mikhail Frantsovich Koskull (1825-1869), married Princess Varvara Petrovna Shcherbatova. Together they had one daughter, Countess Sofia Mikhailovna Koskull, who was married to Count Nikolay Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston, the suspected grandson of King Federick William IV of Prussia. Their son Mikhail Nikolaevich Sumarokov-Elston was considered as the best tennis player in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

, and 6th in the world at the time. Along with Alexander Alenitsy, he was the first Russian tennis player to participate in the Summer Olympic Games, and regularly played with

Emperor Nicholas II Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Polan ...

. Countess Sofia Koskull's nephew-in-law was

Prince Felix Yusupov Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston (russian: Князь Фе́ликс Фе́ликсович Юсу́пов, Граф Сумаро́ков-Эльстон, Knyaz' Féliks Féliksovich Yusúpov, Graf Sumarókov-El'ston; – ...

, the last of the

Yusupov Yusupov (russian: Юсу́пов) or Yusupova (feminine; ) is a Chechen, Tatar and Uzbek surname, which is common in the countries of the former Soviet Union. It may refer to: *House of Yusupov, royal Russian family, of Tatar descent ** Felix Yusu ...

princes and the richest man in the Russian Empire, therefore the Koskull's had access to extreme wealth until the Russian Revolution. Only Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston survived by boarding

HMS Marlborough Six warships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS ''Marlborough'' after the Duke of Marlborough: * , a second rate, renamed ''Marlborough'' 1706; fought in the Seven Years' War; present in Sir George Pocock's fleet at the taking of Havana from t ...

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

with his cousin Prince Felix Yusupov. Several settlements in Russia are named after the family; a village in the Bolsherechensky district of the Omsk region, a village in the Tarsky district of the Omsk region, a village in the Tyukalinsky district of the Omsk region, a village in the Krasnoarmeisk district of the Chelyabinsk region and a lake in the Chanovsky district of the Novosibirsk region.

Prussian branch

Not much is known about the Prussian Branch except that lieutenant general Ernst von Koschkull (1775-1856) and his two nephews, lieutenant general Leonhard von Koschkull (1798-1872) and first lieutenant Alexander von Koschkull (1799-1839) were granted a Baron title on 11 March 1834. The family branch came from the Courland branch.

Coat of Arms

File:Koskull-Wappen Hdb.png, Baltic coat of arms File:Koskull.jpg, Swedish noble and baronial coat of arms File:Koskull Coat of Arms.jpg, Coat of arms of Swedish branch Nr 248 File:Koskul Coat of Armsl Nr 184.jpg, Coat of arms of Swedish branch Nr 184 File:Koskull Nr 160.jpg, Coat of arms of Swedish branch Nr 160 File:Graf Koskull XVII-9.png, Russian Countly coat of arms

Notable individuals

* Ernst von Koskull (1775–1856), Prussian lieutenant general * Georg Adolf Koskull (1780-1829), governor of Norrbotten * Peter Johann von Koskull (1786–1852), Russian lieutenant general * Leonhard von Koschkull (1798–1872), Prussian lieutenant general * Friedrich von Koskull (1830-1886), Russian mining engineer, geologist * Anders Magnus Koskull (1831–1883), Member of Parliament * Adam von Koskull (1800–1874), Courland state official * Andreas von Koskull (1906–1992), German SS leader and war criminal * Josepha von Koskull (1898–1996), German-Baltic writer and translator *

Casper Von Koskull Casper von Koskull (born September 1960) is a Finnish banker, former president and CEO of Nordea, Nordea Bank Abp, the Nordic financial services group operating in Northern Europe, since 1 November 2015, when he succeeded Christian Clausen. He is ...

(born 1960), Finnish-Swedish economist and business leader File:Karl Koskulli by Claus.jpg, Karl Reinhold von Koskull (1731–1804), captain-lieutenant of the Russian Life Guard Regiment File:Ulrika Katarina Koskull , 1759- 1805, g.m. greve Magnus Fredrik Brahe. Oljemålning på duk - Skoklosters slott - 56251.tif, Ulrica Katharina Koskull (1759–1805), wife of Magnus Fredrik Brahe (1756-1826) File:Koskull by Michael Ludwig Claus.jpg, Peter August Friedrich von Koskull (1763–1827) File:Porträtt. Aurora Vilhelmina Koskull. Nordgren - Skoklosters slott - 39132.tif,

(1778–1852), Swedish lady-in-waiting File:120-Mariana Koskull-Svenska teatern 3.jpg,

(1785–1841), Swedish lady-in-waiting, mistress of

Charles XIII Charles XIII, or Carl XIII ( sv, Karl XIII, 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of Sw ...

and

Charles XIV Charles XIV John ( sv, Karl XIV Johan; born Jean Bernadotte; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and King of Norway, Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844. Before his reign he was a Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Wars a ...

File:Constancekoskull.jpg, Constance Koskull (1788–1840) File:Anders Gustaf Koskull - from Svenskt Porträttgalleri XX.png, Anders Gustaf Koskull (1831–1904), painter of the Düsseldorf School File:Von Koskull Wilhelm.jpg, Wilhelm Georg Woldemar von Koskull (1864–1923) File:Anders Kuskull by Scheffel.jpg, Anders Koskull (1677-1746), lieutenant general and governor, one of the founders of Kosta glassworks. File:Peter Ivanovich Koskull (by V. Hau).jpg, Peter Ivanovich Koskull (1786-1852), Lieutenant General in the Russian Empire.

References

{{Reflist *

Gabriel Anrep John Gabriel Anrep (December 4, 1821 – March 12, 1907) was a Swedish genealogist and author. Biography He was born on December 4, 1821 at Lekeberg Municipality on the family farm. He moved to Stockholm and was involved in genealogical pub ...

: ''Svenska adelns Ättar-taflor.'' Volume 2, Stockholm 1861
p. 486–491.
(Swedish) *

Gustaf Elgenstierna Gustaf Magnus Elgenstierna (August 26, 1871 – March 21, 1948) was a Swedish historian and genealogist Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, histori ...

: ''Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor'', Volume 4, Stockholm 1929. Online processing
Family and barons coat of armsnobility naturalization (1638) and coat of armsbarons (1719) with coat of arms
an
barons (1720) with coat of arms
as well a
counts coat of arms (1803)
o
adelsvapen.com.
(Swedish) * ''Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften.'' Part 1, 1: ''Livonia.'' Görlitz 1929

(German) * ''Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften.'' Part 2, 1.2: ''Estonian.'' Görlitz 1930

(German) * ''Genealogisches Handbuch der kurländischen Ritterschaft.'' Volume 1, Görlitz undated
328–348.
(German) * ''

Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels The ''Almanach de Gotha'' (german: Gothaischer Hofkalender) is a directory of Europe's royalty and higher nobility, also including the major governmental, military and diplomatic corps, as well as statistical data by country. First published ...

.'' C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg/Lahn. (German) ** ''Adelslexikon.'' Volume VI, Volume 91 of the complete series, 1987, p. 437–439. ** ''Freiherrliche Häuser.'' A 7, Volume 44 of the complete series, 1969, p. 231–249; 14, Volume 88 of the complete series, 1986, p. 275–287. ** ''Gräfliche Häuser.'' A 4, Volume 28 of the complete series, 1962, p. 236–238; 6, Volume 47 of the complete series, 1970, p. 180–183; 12, Volume 94 of the complete series, 1988, p. 294–297. * '' Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch.''

Justus Perthes Johann Georg Justus Perthes (11 September 1749, Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – 2 May 1816, Gotha, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg) was a German publisher and founder of the publishing house that bears his name. Life He was born in the Thuringian t ...

. (German) ** ''Gräfliche Häuser.'' Volume 30, 1857
p. 416.
** ''Freiherrliche Häuser.'' Volume 86, 1936 (original and older history), 1940 (continued) * ''Jahrbuch für Genealogie, Heraldik und Sphragistik.'' Mitau. (German) ** Eduard von Fircks: ''Das Hausbuch des Reinhold von Koskull und seiner Nachkommen.'' 1894, p. 144–155. **

George Adalbert von Mülverstedt George Adalbert von Mülverstedt (4 July 1825, Danzig – 29 September 1914, Magdeburg) was a German archivist and historian. Beginning in 1844, he studied philology and later law (from 1847) at the University of Königsberg, with his interests e ...

: ''Noch etwas über die Koskull-Medem-Buchholtzsche Verwandtschaft und über die Begüterung dieser Familien in Preußen.'' 1902, p. 147–154. ** Gustav Sommerfeldt: ''Zur Richtigstellung einiger Angaben über die Genealogie v. Koskull-v. Volume X.'' 1905/06, p. 251–254. *

Ernst Heinrich Kneschke Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (born 27 August 1798 in Zittau; died 2 December 1869 in Leipzig) was a German heraldist, ophthalmologist and writer. Life Ernst Heinrich Kneschke was the second son of Johann Gottfried Kneschke (1766–1825), who was Co ...

: ''Deutsche Grafen-Häuser der Gegenwart in heraldischer, historischer und genealogischer Beziehung.'' Volume 1, T.O. Weigel, Leipzig 1852
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(German) * Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: ''

Neues allgemeines deutsches Adels-Lexicon Neues allgemeines Deutsches Adels-Lexicon or New General German Aristocracy Lexicon is the title of a series of historical reference books written by Professor Dr. Ernst Heinrich Kneschke about the German aristocracy, including royalty and nobilit ...

.'' Volume 5, Leipzig 1864
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p. 466.
(German) * '' J. Siebmacher's grosses und allgemeines Wappenbuch'', Nuremberg: Bauer & Raspe (German) ** Konrad Blažek: Volume VII, Section 2. Supplementary Volume: ''Preußische Grafen und Freiherren,'' 1886, p. 34. **

Maximilian Gritzner Adolf Maximilian Ferdinand Gritzner (29 July 1843 – 10 July 1902) was a German expert on heraldry and a herald in the Ministry of the Interior in Berlin. His reference book on orders of knighthood was still in print in 2000. Gritzner was b ...

: Volume III, Section 11. First Part; ''Der Adel der Russischen Ostseeprovinzen: Die Ritterschaft'', 1898, p. 63, 162, 337, 491 and 497. * Otto Magnus von Stackelberg: ''Genealogisches Handbuch der estländischen Ritterschaft'', Volume 1, Görlitz, 1931, p. 159
Digitalised
(German) * Коскуль// Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890–1907. (Russian) * ''

Pyotr Vladimirovich Dolgorukov Prince Pyotr Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (russian: link=no, Князь Пётр Владимирович Долгоруков) (1816–1868) was a Russian historian and journalist known for his genealogical research and as a critic of the Imperial Ru ...

. Российская родословная книга.'' Volume 3, p. 161. (Russian) * Общий гербовник дворянских родов Российской империи, Volume 17, p. 9
Digitalised
(Russian) * Josi von Koskull Wikipedia Page (German)

External links

''Koskull''
in the Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (Swedish)
''Koskull''
in the Ritterhuset (Swedish)
Ancestry book of Golenishchev-Kutuzov
(Russian)
Best tennis player of the Russian Empire.
Koskull family