The instance Sinodal`niy of Pravda Ruskaya page 1

The ''Kórmchaia Book'', also known as the ''Books of the Pilot'' (russian: Ко́рмчая книга, from , cu, кръмьчии 'helmsman, ship's pilot'; ), ''Pidalion'' (russian: Пидалион from grc, Πηδάλιον, Πηδαλίων 'stern oar, helm, handle of helm, rudder') or ''Nomocanon'' (russian: Номокано́н from grc, Νομοκανών from 'law, statute' + '

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western ca ...

, rule'), are collections of

church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * C ...

and secular

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

(see also

Byzantine law Byzantine law was essentially a continuation of Roman law with increased Orthodox Christian and Hellenistic influence. Most sources define ''Byzantine law'' as the Roman legal traditions starting after the reign of Justinian I in the 6th century ...

), which constituted guide books for the management of the church and for the church court of Orthodox Slavic countries and were also the transmission of several older texts. They were written in Old Church Slavonic and

Old Russian Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian; be, старажытнаруская мова; russian: древнерусский язык; uk, давньоруська мова) was a language used during the 9th–15th centuries by East ...

History

The ''Kormchaia Book'' goes back to the

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

Nomocanon A nomocanon ( gr, Νομοκανών, ; from the Greek 'law' and 'a rule') is a collection of ecclesiastical law, consisting of the elements from both the civil law and the canon law. Nomocanons form part of the canon law of the Eastern Cathol ...

, composed in the 6th century by

John Scholasticus John Scholasticus or Scholastikos (c. 503 – 31 August 577) was the 32nd patriarch of Constantinople from April 12, 565 until his death in 577. He is also regarded as a saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Life He was born at Sirimis, in the r ...

, Patriarch of Constantinople. The Nomocanon was translated for the Bulgarian Church in the second half of the 9th century and then was spread to Rus'. Nomocanons in Russian processing were called ''Kormchaia Books'' at the end of the 11th century; they were supplemented in Russia by the norms of secular law. The ''Kormchaia'' was translated from Greek into (Old) Church Slavonic in

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

about 1225, which was proposed by Russian Metropolitan Kirill as a guideline for the management of the Russian Church in 1274 at the Church Council in Vladimir (a number of researchers believe that this event took place in Kiev a year earlier.) In the 13th century, another type of ''Kormchaia'' appeared, where some elements of the Bulgarian and Serbian ''Kormchaia Books'' were consolidated. This was the so-called Saint Sophia version, or the Synodic version (named from its place of discovery in the St. Sophia Cathedral of Novgorod and which was then kept in the Synodic library in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

). It was also supplemented by Russian articles: ''

Russkaya Pravda The ''Russkaya Pravda'' (Rus' Justice, Rus' Truth, or Russian Justice; orv, Правда роусьскаꙗ, ''Pravda Rusĭskaya'' (13th century, 1280), Правда Руськая, ''Pravda Rus'kaya'' (second half of the 15th century); russian: ...

'', the church statutes of the princes

Vladimir Vladimir may refer to: Names * Vladimir (name) for the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak and Slovenian spellings of a Slavic name * Uladzimir for the Belarusian version of the name * Volodymyr for the Ukr ...

and Yaroslav, the rules of the 1274 Council and others. The ''Synodic Kormchaia'' became widespread and is known in a large number of copies. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the ''Kormchaia Books'' were revised due to the large number of variant readings. In 1650, the so-called ''Joseph Kormchaia'' (of Patriarch Joseph) was published and based on ''Zakonopravilo'' of Saint Sava. In 1653, the ''Nikon Kormchaia'' (of

Patriarch Nikon Nikon ( ru , Ни́кон, Old Russian: ''Нїконъ''), born Nikita Minin (''Никита Минин''; 7 May 1605 – 17 August 1681) was the seventh Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' of the Russian Orthodox Church, serving officially from ...

) was published. In 1787, the so-called ''Ekaterina Kormchaia'' was published. The latest edition of the ''Kormchaia'' was published in 1816. Since 1816 the ''Book of Rules'' () have been published instead of the ''Kormchaia'' ''Books'' in Russia. The ''Book of Rules'' contains a collection of the local canons (rules) of the Russian Orthodox Church as well as older canons adopted at the

Ecumenical council An ecumenical council, also called general council, is a meeting of bishops and other church authorities to consider and rule on questions of Christian doctrine, administration, discipline, and other matters in which those entitled to vote ar ...

s.Церковные каноны Азбука веры.
/ref>

Some Kormchaia Books

* Old Slavonic Kormchaia of 14 titles, composed in the 10th century in Byzantium * ''Efrem Kormchaia'' (Efremovskaia Kormchaia) * Serbian Kormchaia * ''Ilovitskaya'' * ''Synodic Kormchaia'' * ''Rasskaya Kormchaia'' * ''Dechanskaya Kormchaia'' * ''Pchinskaya Kormchaia'' * ''Morachskaya Kormchaia'' * ''Joseph Kormchaia'' * ''Nikon Kormchaia'' * ''Ekaterina Kormchaia''

Notes

Scholar literature

* Каталог славяно-русских рукописных книг XVI века, хранящихся в Российском государственном архиве древних актов / Федер. арх. агентство; сост.: О. В. Беляков и др.; под ред. Л. В. Мошковой. — 2-е стер. изд.. — М. : Древлехранилище, 2006. Вып. 1 : Апостол — Кормчая. — 2006. — 589 с.

Editions

* Палеографический снимок текста Русской правды по новгородской Кормчей книге XIII века / Скопир. с подлинника студентами Ист.-филол. фак. Имп. с-петерб. ун-та под рук. И. И. Срезневского. — СПб. : Тип. Якобсон, 1888. * Мазуринская кормчая : Памятник межславянских культурных связей XIV—XVI вв.: Исследование. Тексты. — М. : Индрик, 2002. — 853 с. * Кормчая, напечатанная с оригинала патриарха Иосифа. — М.: Журнал «Церковь», 1912 (1650). — 1481 �
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Sources

* Розенкампф Густав Андреевич. Обозрение Кормчей книги в историческом виде / соч. бар. Розенкампфа; Издано О-вом истории и древностей рос. при Имп. Моск. ун-те. — Москва : В Университетской типографии, 1829. — 274 c. * Розенкампф Густав Андреевич. Обозрение Кормчей книги в историческом виде / соч. бар. Г. А. Розенкампфа. — 2-е изд.. — СПб. : В тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1839. — Второе тиснение с многими переменами и прибавлениями, начатое сочинителем, а по кончине его изданное В.А �астасевичем (Розенкампф Густав Андреевич, Печерин Владимир Сергеевич). * Калачов Николай Васильевич. О значении Кормчей в системе древнего русского права / соч. Н. Калачова, д. чл. Имп. о-ва истории и древностей рос. при Моск. ун-те. — М. : В унив. тип., 1850. — Из № 3 и 4 Чтений, издав. Имп. о-вом истории и древностей рос. при Моск. ун-те, 1847 г. * Павлов Алексей Степанович. Первоначальный славяно-русский Номоканон / соч. А Павлова. — Казань : В унив. тип., 1869. (Павлов Алексей Степанович, Срезневский Измаил Иванович) * Павлов Алексей Степанович. 50-я глава Кормчей книги, как исторический и практический источник русского брачного права / А. Павлова, заслуж. орд. проф. Имп. моск. ун-та. — М. : В унив. тип. (М. Катков), 1887. — 452 с.. — Отт. из Ученых зап. Имп. моск. ун-та. — Посвящ. архиеп. Алексию Виленскому и Литовскому. * Срезневский Измаил Иванович. Обозрение древних русских списков Кормчей книги : С прил. фототип. снимка из Ефрем. Кормчей. — СПб. : Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1897. — 206 с. * Срезневский Измаил Иванович. Обозрение древних русских списков Кормчей книги : с прил. фототип. снимка из Ефремовской кормчей / труд И. И. Срезневского. — Из Сб. ОРЯС, Т.65, N 2. * Бенешевич Владимир Николаевич. Древнеславянская Кормчая XIV титулов без толкований = Syntagma XIV titulorum sine scholiis / изд. Отд-ния рус. яз. и словесности Имп. Акад. анук. — СПб. : Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1906—1907. — 3 т. * Обнорский Сергей Петрович. О языке Ефремовской кормчей XII века. — СПб. : Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1912. (Исследования по русскому языку; Т.3, вып.1) * Максимович К. А. Законъ соудьныи людьмъ. Источниковедческие и лингвистические аспекты исследования славянского юридического памятника. — М., 2004. (в том числе об Устюжской Кормчей XIII—XIV веков). * Максимович К. А. К вопросу о «мефодиевских» папистских схолиях в Кормчей Ефремовской редакции / К. А. Максимович // Славяноведение. — 2006. — N 2. — С. 78-88. * Белякова Елена Владимировна. Мазуринская редакция кормчей и ее историко-культурное значение на Руси : Автореф. дис… канд. ист. наук. — М. : б. и., 1998. * Белякова Е. В. «Латгальские листы» — древнейший список Чудовской редакции Кормчей / Е. В. Белякова, Н. Морозова // Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики. — 2011. — № 3, Ч. 1 (сентябрь). — С. 17-18. * Белякова Е. В. Издание Кормчей Книги и проблема смены культурной ориентации / Е. В. Белякова // Российская история. — 2011. — N 4. — С. 103—113. — Примеч.: с. 111—113. * Белякова Е. В. Издание печатной Кормчей (1653) и «византизм» в русской государственности / Е. В. Белякова // Вестник Московского университета. Сер. 8, История. — 2012. — № 5. — С. 34-50. * Полознев Д. Ф. Место Церкви в государстве и обществе по Соборному уложению 1649 года и Кормчей 1650 года. — С. 101—104. * Цвєткова Ю.В. Єфремівська Кормча–джерело права Київської Русі (кінець ХІ–початок ХІІ ст.). Автореферат дис.. … к.ю.н. 12.00.01. Київ: КНУ ім. Т. Шевченка, 2003. 20 с.

External links

Открытая православная энциклопедия «Древо»

Кормчая, напечатанная с оригинала
патриарха Иосифа. — М.: Журнал «Церковь», 1912 (1650). — 1481 с. * Кормча�

— М., 1653. {{Christianity footer Eastern Orthodoxy in medieval Russia Christian terminology East Slavic manuscripts Medieval legal codes Legal history of Russia History of the Rus' people Russian words and phrases Cyrillic manuscripts Old East Slavic Legal history of Ukraine Legal history of Belarus Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church