The Izhma Komi ( Russian: ''коми-ижемцы, komi-izhemtsy'';

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

: изьватаc, ''iźvatas''; Nenets: нысма, ''nysma'') is a sub-group of the much larger

Komi people The Komi ( kv, комияс, ' also ', also called Komi-Zyryans or Zyryans, are an indigenous Permian ethnic group whose homeland is in the northeast of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers. They mostly ...

, who traditionally reside in the north of the

Komi Republic The Komi Republic (russian: Республика Коми; kv, Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar. The population of the ...

, primarily in the Izhemsky District, but also in the

Nenets Autonomous Okrug The Nenets Autonomous Okrug (russian: Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг; Nenets languages, Nenets: Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, ''Nenjocije awtonomnoj ŋokruk'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal su ...

& the

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO; russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг (ЯНАО), ; yrk, Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, ) or Yamalia (russian: Ямалия) is a fed ...

around the borders with the Komi Republic. Choir in Lovozero cultural centre, Kola Peninsula

The beginning of the formation of the Izhma Komi ethnic group is traced to the second half of the 16th century when a group of Komi founded the Izhma ''

sloboda A sloboda ( rus, слобода́, p=sləbɐˈda) was a kind of settlement in the history of the Old Russian regions Povolzhye, Central Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The name is derived from the early Slavic word for "freedom" and may be loosely ...

'' by the

Izhma River The Izhma (russian: И́жма) is a river in the Komi Republic of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Pechora. It is long, with a drainage basin of . At a point from its mouth, it has an average discharge of . The river freezes over in Novemb ...

. The formation of the separate ethnicity finalized during the 17th and 18th centuries. During the 19th century they expanded their area of settlement by settling along the middle

Pechora River ; Komi: Печӧра; Nenets: Санэроˮ яха , name_etymology = The Russian name of the river is a combination of two words in an old local Nenets dialect, "pe" & "chora". Literally it means "forest dweller". , image ...

, by the Usa River, in Bolshezemelskaya and Kanin Peninsula tundras. They also crossed the

Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...

and settled by the

Ob River } The Ob ( rus, Обь, p=opʲ: Ob') is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia; and together with Irtysh forms the world's List of rivers by length, seventh-longest river system, at . It forms at the confluence of the Biya (river), Biya ...

. A group of Izhma Komi settled as far as at the

Kola Peninsula sjd, Куэлнэгк нёа̄ррк , image_name= Kola peninsula.png , image_caption= Kola Peninsula as a part of Murmansk Oblast , image_size= 300px , image_alt= , map_image= Murmansk in Russia.svg , map_caption = Location of Murmansk Oblas ...

, where 1,128 were recorded to live in the 2002 census.Yuri Shabayev, Valeri Sharapov,
"The Izhma Komi and the Pomor: Two Models of Cultural Transformation"
''Journal of the Ethnology and Folkloristics'' vol. 5 no 1, 2011, pp.97-122 (retrieved March 22, 2014)David G. Anderson (ed.), "The 1926/27 Soviet Polar Census Expeditions", 2013, , Chapter 6: Igor Semenov, "Statistical Surveys of the Kanin Peninsula and the

Samoed The Nenets ( yrk, ненэй ненэче, ''nenəj nenəče'', russian: ненцы, ''nentsy''), also known as Samoyed, are a Samoyedic ethnic group native to northern Arctic Russia, Russian Far North. According to the latest census in 2010, t ...

Question"
pp.133-179
/ref> Their primary subsistence was based on reindeer herding, showing similarities between the lifestyles of the Nenets & the Izhma Komi. More cultural interactions and adaptations can be seen in the traditional residences of the Izhma Komi, the

chum Chum may refer to: Broadcasting * CHUM Limited, a defunct Canadian media company * CHUM Radio, now Bell Media Radio, a Canadian radio broadcasting company * CHUM (AM), a Toronto radio station * CHUM-FM, a Toronto radio station * CHUM Chart, a C ...

, which the Nenets & other Samoyedic ethnic groups traditionally reside in.

References

{{authority control Komi peoples Indigenous peoples of Europe Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East