Kolky (), also Kolki ( yi, Kolki; pl, Kołki; russian: Колки; hu, Kolke), is an

urban-type settlement Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...

Lutsk Raion Lutsk Raion ( uk, Луцький район) is a raion in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Lutsk. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Vol ...

Volyn Oblast Volyn Oblast ( uk, Воли́нська о́бласть, translit=Volýnsʹka óblastʹ; also referred to as Volyn or Lodomeria) is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town ...

, western

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

. It is located in the historic region of

Volhynia Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) ( ; uk, Воли́нь, Volyn' pl, Wołyń, russian: Волы́нь, Volýnʹ, ), is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between south-eastern Poland, south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine. The ...

. Kolky has a population of Kolky is located on the confluence of the Styr and Rudka rivers, 51 kilometres north-east of

Lutsk Lutsk ( uk, Луцьк, translit=Lutsk}, ; pl, Łuck ; yi, לוצק, Lutzk) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast (province) and the administrative center of the surrounding Lu ...

History

First time mentioned in 1545. The place has the urban-type settlement status since 1940. The Jewish population was important before World War II, around a third of the total population (724 members in 1921, 860 in 1937). The German army occupied the city at the end of 1941. 50 Jews were murdered by the Ukrainian police during the summer of 1941. In October 1941, Jews were forced to live in a

ghetto A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished t ...

. In July 1942, the Jewish population was massacred by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans, members of

Sicherheitsdienst ' (, ''Security Service''), full title ' (Security Service of the '' Reichsführer-SS''), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Established in 1931, the SD was the first Nazi intelligence organization ...

and Gendarmerie and by Ukrainians, members of the local police. The Kolky Republic, a wartime state, was organized in Kolky by Ukrainian partisans during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

. Kolky Republic had its own currency, the Bofon, and public services and lasted from May to November 1943. The local

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

population fell victim to

genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the Lat ...

. On June 13, 1943, dozens of Poles were burned alive in the local Catholic church by local Ukrainians as part of the genocide of Poles in Volhynia.1943 zbrodnia upa
in Polish) Due to German air raids during its reoccupation of Kolky in November 1943, up to 500 residents of Kolky were killed and the town almost burned to the ground. The heraldry and the

gonfalon The gonfalon, gonfanon, gonfalone (from the early Italian ''confalone'') is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often pointed, swallow-tailed, or with several streamers, and suspended from a crossbar in an identical manner to the ancient Roman ...

are adopted in 1997. The bell is a symbol of the defensive role of the city throughout history. The

linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...

is a local resource.

Notable people

* Tadeusz Piotrowski, Polish mountaineer, was born in Kolki * Family of Esther Safran Foer, writer and mother of

Jonathan Safran Foer Jonathan Safran Foer (; born February 21, 1977) is an American novelist. He is known for his novels ''Everything Is Illuminated'' (2002), ''Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close'' (2005), ''Here I Am (novel), Here I Am'' (2016), and for his non-fict ...

References

External links

*
Official website
*
Topographic map
*
Road map
* {{Authority control Urban-type settlements in Lutsk Raion Lutsky Uyezd Holocaust locations in Ukraine

History

Notable people

See also

References

External links