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''Knightoconus antarcticus'' is an extinct species of fossil monoplacophoran from the Cambrian
Minaret Formation The Minaret Formation is a Late Cambrian limestone formation of the Heritage Group of Antarctica. The age of the formation is established to be Guzhangian to Cambrian Stage 10 (or Merioneth to Dresbachian in the regional stratigraphy), dated at r ...
of Antarctica. It is thought to represent an ancestor to the cephalopods. It had a chambered conical shell, but lacked a siphuncle.


Taxonomic debate

The absence of a siphuncle in ''K. antarcticus'' has been taken as evidence against cephalopod ancestry, as factors that would allow a siphuncle to penetrate preexisting septal chambers remain unknown. The prevailing argument suggests that a strand of tissue remained attached to the previous septum as the mollusc moved forwards and deposited its next septum, stopping that new septum from closing completely and becoming mineralised itself. Ten or more septa are found in mature individuals, occupying around a third of the shell – septa form very early and have been found in specimens as small as 2 mm in length. Unlike monoplacophoran fossils, there is no evidence of muscle scarring in ''Knightoconus'' fossils. Scars from the closely related ''Hypseloconus'' have been used to determine its orientation. ''Knightoconus'' started life with an
exogastric {{Short pages monitor