The Eastern Neisse, also known by its Polish name of Nysa Kłodzka (german: Glatzer Neiße, cs, Kladská Nisa), is a river in southwestern Poland, a left tributary of the
Oder
The Oder ( , ; Czech, Lower Sorbian and ; ) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river in total length and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows thr ...
, with a length of 188 km (21st longest) and a basin area of 4,570 km2 (3,742 in Poland).
Prior to World War II it was part of Germany. During the Yalta Conference it was discussed by the Western Allies as one possible line of the western Polish border. Attempts were made to negotiate a compromise with the
Soviets
Soviet people ( rus, сове́тский наро́д, r=sovyétsky naród), or citizens of the USSR ( rus, гра́ждане СССР, grázhdanye SSSR), was an umbrella demonym for the population of the Soviet Union.
Nationality policy in th ...
on the new Polish-German frontier; it was suggested that the Eastern Neisse be made the line of demarcation. This would have meant that (East) Germany could have retained approximately half of Silesia, including most of Wrocław (formerly Breslau). However the Soviets rejected the suggestion at the Potsdam Conference and insisted that the southern boundary between Germany and Poland be drawn further west, at the Lusatian Neisse.Brogan, Patrick (1990). ''The Captive Nations: Eastern Europe, 1945-1990''. Avon books, p. 18. Plokhy S.M. ''Yalta: The Price of Peace'', New York: Viking, 2010.
Floods
The Eastern Neisse originates in the Śnieżnik mountain range of the
Sudetes
The Sudetes ( ; pl, Sudety; german: Sudeten; cs, Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie), commonly known as the Sudeten Mountains, is a geomorphological subprovince in Central Europe, shared by Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic. They consis ...
, near the border with the Czech Republic. It is partially regulated. The river has often left its banks and flooded nearby towns, at times destroying them completely. Town chronicles from Kłodzko mention floods in the following years:
* 14th century: 1310
* 15th century: 1441, 1464, 1474
* 16th century: 1500, 1522, 1524, 1560, 1566, 1570, 1587, 1589, 1591, 1598,
* 17th century: 1602, 1603, 1605, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1625, 1646, 1652, 1655, 1689, 1693, 1696
* 18th century: 1702, 1703, 1713, 1724, 1735, 1736, 1740, 1755, 1763, 1767, 1775, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1799
* 19th century: 1804, 1806, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1850, 1854, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1891, 1897
* 20th century: 1900, 1903, 1907, 1938, 1952, 1997, 1998
Towns
Until 1945, these communities were situated on German territory and largely populated by Germans before they were driven out at the end of the Second World War. German names are indicated in ''italics''.
* Bardo (''Wartha'')
*
Bystrzyca Kłodzka
Bystrzyca Kłodzka ( cs, Kladská Bystřice, german: Habelschwerdt) is a historic town in Kłodzko County, in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka. As of December 2021, the ...
(''Habelschwerdt'')
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Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (german: Kamenz Lower Silesia, N.S.) is a town in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Kamieniec Ząbkowicki. Th ...
Międzylesie
Międzylesie (german: Mittelwalde) is a town in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district ( gmina) called Gmina Międzylesie, close to the Czech border. It lies approxim ...
(''Mittelwalde'') - both names mean "middle of the woods"
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Nysa
Nysa may refer to:
Greek Mythology
* Nysa (mythology) or Nyseion, the mountainous region or mount (various traditional locations), where nymphs raised the young god Dionysus
* Nysiads, nymphs of Mount Nysa who cared for and taught the infant ...
(''Neiße'')
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Otmuchów
Otmuchów (pronounced: ; german: Ottmachau) is a town in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 6,581 inhabitants (2019).
Etymology
The city was mentioned for the first time as ''Otemochow'' in 1155. It was named in its Old Polish form ''Ot ...
(''Ottmachau'')
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Paczków
Paczków (german: Patschkau; szl, Paczkōw) is a town in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,460 inhabitants (2019). It is one of the few towns in Europe in which medieval fortifications have been almost completely preserved.
Raging Neisse
The Raging NeisseDodge, Lt Col Theodore Ayrault. ''Napoleon: A History of the Art of War. Vol. IV'', 2014 ( pl, Nysa Szalona, or ''Jauersche Neiße'') is a river in Poland. It has a length of about and flows into the Kaczawa (Katzbach), which in ...
(''Nysa Szalona'')
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Nysa Mała
The Nysa Mała ("Little Neisse") is a river in Poland that is about 19 kilometres long, and is a left tributary of the Raging Neisse.
In the area of the foothills of the Sudetes it flows through the Chełmy Landscape Park.
The Little Neisse flo ...
(''Little Neisse'')
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Rivers of Poland
Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially, if not predominantly located within Poland.KSNG (2002–2014)List of Names of Flowing Waters (Wykaz nazw wód płynacych)(PDF file, direct download 1.47 MB), Komisja Standaryzacji Nazw Ge ...
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Geography of Poland
Poland ( pl, Polska) is a country that extends across the North European Plain from the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south to the sandy beaches of the Baltic Sea in the north. Poland is the fifth-most populous country of the Europe ...