Kists or Kistins; ce, кистӀий, kisthiy; ka, ქისტები, tr is an old

exonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

of all Nakh peoples (

Ingush Ingush may refer to: * Ingush language * Ingush people The Ingush (, inh, ГIалгIай, translit=Ghalghaj, pronounced ) per Oxford dictionary "a member of a people living mainly in Ingushetia in the central Caucasus." Ingushetia is a federa ...

, Chechens and

Batsbi The Bats people ( ka, ბაცი, tr) or the Batsbi (ბაცბი), are Nakh-speaking Tushetians in the country of Georgia. They are also known as the Ts’ova-Tush (წოვათუშები) after the Ts’ova Gorge in the historic Geo ...

), under which local societies later were designated, and conditionally divided into ''nearby Kistins'' and ''distant Kistins''. In Russian sources of the 19th century, the term ''nearby Kistins'' referred to the inhabitants of the

Kistin Gorge Kistin Gorge ( inh, Кистий чӀож) is a gorge of the Armkhi River in the Dzheyrakhsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia. The name of the gorge comes from the historical name of the river Armkhi — Kistinka, which in turn comes from ...

in the vicinity of river Armkhi, and ''distant Kistins'' referred to the inhabitants of the upper reaches of the Argun. Today the name is mostly used to refer to the Chechens who compactly live in the Pankisi Gorge of Georgia.

History

In 1795, when describing the peoples inhabiting

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, the Kists are mentioned as follows: Kistins, or Kisti, who are divided into different tracts of which it is known to exist: Chechens, Ingush and Karabulaks, they live along the Sunzha River, and in the middle mountains of the

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

. The historian of the Caucasus S. M. Bronevsky described the borders of the Kist lands as follows:

Fyappiy

The historical area where the Kists lived was called "Kisteti", as well as "Kistia" or "Kistinia". The

Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...

prince, historian and geographer of the 18th century Vakhushti Bagrationi quite definitely localizes it along the gorge of the

Armkhi Armkhi ( inh, МохтIе, ''Moxthe''; russian: Армхи) is a village in Dzheyrakhsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia, located on the ''Armkhi'' or ''Kistinka'' river ( inh, Ӏарам-хий, Кисти-хий, ''Aram-khi'', ''Kisti-k ...

river (the historical " Kistinka"), that is, in mountainous

Ingushetia Ingushetia (; russian: Ингуше́тия; inh, ГӀалгӏайче, Ghalghayče), officially the Republic of Ingushetia,; inh, Гӏалгӏай Мохк, Ghalghay Moxk is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. ...

. Kists, in a narrow sense, as one of the Ingush societies, are noted in the "Review of the political state of the

in 1840", and in 1851 in the “Military Statistical Review of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

, published by the highest command at the 1st branch of the Department of the General headquarters". The Kist society, as part of

, was part of the Vladikavkaz district, the Ossetian military district and the Ingush district. They bordered in the west with the Dzherakhins, in the east with the Galgaevs, in the south with Georgia, in the north the borders reached the

Tarskoye Tarskoye, formerly known as Angusht,; os, Тарскæй; inh, Ангуште/Онгуште. is a rural locality (a selo) in Prigorodny District of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. Population: Nomenclature The modern name ''Ta ...

Valley. The Kist society was also synonymously called "Fyappinsky", after the name of its constituent ethno-territorial group - the Fyappins ( inh, Фаьппий), and later, in the second half of the 19th century, it became known as "Metskhalsky", after the name of the principal village Metskhal.

Kistin districts

Guldenstedt divided the Kistins into the following districts:Gildenstedt, Journey through the Caucasus
/ref> * District (Kachilik) Endre and Yakhsay * Achkingurt County * Ardahl County * Vapi County * Angusht County * Shalkha District * District of Chechen * Atahi District * Kulga District, or Dganti * Galgai County * Dshanti District * Chabrillo County * Shabet County * Chishrikaker District * Karabulak District * Meesti County * Meredji District * Galashka County * Duban County

Notes

References

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Bibliography

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Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicis
(англ.). — Dublin: Graisberry and Campbell, 1804. — Vol. VI. — 480 p. * Johann Gottfried Eichhorn. Geschichte der Litteratur, von ihrem Anfang bis auf die neuesten Zeiten (нем.). — Göttingen: Bey Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, 1807. — Bd. 6. — 678 S. * Johann Christoph Adelung. Mithridates, oder allgemeine Sprachenkunde mit dem Vater Unser als Sprachprobe in beynahe fünfhundert Sprachen und Mundarten (нем.). — Berlin: In der Vossischen Buchandlung, 1806. — 686 S. * Sir Richard Phillips
A Geographical View of the World: Embracing the Manners, Customs, and Pursuits, of Every Nation; Founded on the Best Authorities
(англ.). — New York: E. Hopkins and W. Reed, 1826. — 406 p. * Butkov P. G. Opinion about the book: Slavic antiquities // Three ancient treaties of the Russians with the Norwegians and the Swedes. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1837. — 398 p. * Caucasian Territory // Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire: published by the highest order at the 1st branch of the Department of the General Staff. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Department of the General Staff, 1851. — T. 16. Part 1. — 274 p. * Chulkov M.D., Zakharov A., Kolpashnikov A.Ya., Sablin N.Ya. Historical description of Russian commerce at all ports and borders from ancient times to the present and all the predominant legalizations on this sovereign, Emperor Peter the Great and now safely reigning Empress Empress Catherine the Great / M. D. Chulkov. - M .: University printing house at N. Novikov, 1785. - T. II. — 674 p. History of the North Caucasus Peoples of the Caucasus Ingushetia Chechnya Nakh peoples Ethnonyms of the Ingush