Kiryat Tiv'on ( he, קִרְיַת טִבְעוֹן, also Qiryat Tiv'on) is a town in the

Haifa District Haifa District ( he, מחוז חיפה, ''Mehoz Ḥeifa''; ar, منطقة حيفا) is an administrative district surrounding the city of Haifa, Israel. The district is one of the Districts of Israel, seven administrative districts of Israel, a ...

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

, in the hills between the Zvulun (Zebulon) and Jezreel valleys. Kiryat Tiv'on is situated southeast of

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

, on the main road to

Nazareth Nazareth ( ; ar, النَّاصِرَة, ''an-Nāṣira''; he, נָצְרַת, ''Nāṣəraṯ''; arc, ܢܨܪܬ, ''Naṣrath'') is the largest city in the Northern District of Israel. Nazareth is known as "the Arab capital of Israel". In ...

. Kiryat Tiv'on is the result of the municipal merger of several older settlements, Tiv'on (est. 1947), Elro'i (est. 1935), Kiryat Haroshet (est. 1935) and Kiryat Amal (est. 1937). On the outskirts of Tiv'on is a

Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (; , singular ) are nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia. The Bedouin originated in the Syrian Desert and A ...

township A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...

called Basmat Tab'un. In 2022 it had a population of 19,130.

History

Ancient Tiv'on

An ancient Jewish town called Tiv'on existed in the general area. It was mentioned in the

Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cente ...

and

Mishnah The Mishnah or the Mishna (; he, מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb ''shanah'' , or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions which is known as the Oral Torah ...

. It is mentioned several times in Talmudic literature in connection with various sages, some of whom lived there.

Ottoman era

In 1859, the village of ''Tubaun'' was estimated to have a tillage of 22

feddan A feddan ( ar, فدّان, faddān) is a unit of area used in Egypt, Sudan, Syria, and the Oman. In Classical Arabic, the word means 'a yoke of oxen', implying the area of ground that could be tilled by oxen in a certain time. In Egypt, the fedda ...

s.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p
273
/ref> In 1875,

Victor Guérin Victor Guérin (15 September 1821 – 21 Septembe 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Mino ...

found that the village had 200 inhabitants. In 1881, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described ''Tubaun'' as a small

adobe Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for ''mudbrick''. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of e ...

village, on high ground, at the edge of the wood. A population list from about 1887 showed that ''Tuba'un'' had about 90 inhabitants; all

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

British Mandate era

The

1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divisi ...

showed that ''Tub'un'' had 151 inhabitants, all Muslim. The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the

Sursock Purchase The Sursock Purchase of the Jezreel Valley and Haifa Bay, as well as other parts of Mandatory Palestine, was the largest Jewish land purchase in Palestine during the period of early Jewish immigration. The Jezreel Valley was considered the most f ...

. In 1925 a Zionist organisation purchased 30 feddans in Kiskis (present

Alonim Alonim ( he, אַלּוֹנִים, ''lit.'' Oaks) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In the kibbutz had a population of . History Ottoman era In the ...

) and Tabon (present Kiryat Tiv'on) from the

Sursuk family The Sursock family (also spelled Sursuq) is a Greek Orthodox Christian family from Lebanon, and used to be one of the most important families of Beirut. Having originated in Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire, the family has lived in Bei ...

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

. At the time, there were 36 families living there. In the 1931 census ''Tabun'' had a population of 239, still all Muslim, in a total of 48 houses. From 1931, and lasting several years, the Jewish Agency struggled to evict the

tenant farmer A tenant farmer is a person (farmer or farmworker) who resides on land owned by a landlord. Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, ...

s from Tabaun, from the land which was to become Tivon. In the 1945 statistics, ''al Tivon'' (Alonim) (previously ''Qusqus Taboun'') had 370 Muslim and 320 Jewish inhabitants, with a total land area of 5,823

dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; tr, dönüm; he, דונם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount ...

s. Of this, 141 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,038 for

cereal A cereal is any Poaceae, grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, Cereal germ, germ, and bran. Cereal Grain, grain crops are grown in greater quantit ...

s, while 3,644 dunams were classified as non-cultivable land.

State of Israel

Kiryat Tiv'on was established in 1958 merging three small villages ''Tiv'on'' (founded in 1947), ''Kiryat Amal'' (founded in 1937) and ''Elro'i'' (founded in 1935). Kiryat Haroshet, founded by a rabbi from Jablona,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

who settled there with his followers in 1935, became part of Kiryat Tiv'on in 1979. Tiv'on was built on land owned by a British Jewish couple who bought the land in early 1945. It was later developed by the

Jewish National Fund Jewish National Fund ( he, קֶרֶן קַיֶּימֶת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael'', previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Syria (later Mandatory Palestine, and subseq ...

based on an urban plan drawn up by Alexander Klein, a Russian Jewish architect who was commissioned by the Jewish National Fund. The symbol of Kiryat Tiv'on is the

cyclamen ''Cyclamen'' ( or ) is a genus of 23 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. ''Cyclamen'' species are native to Europe and the Mediterranean Basin east to the Caucasus and Iran, with one species in Somalia. They grow ...

, a flower that grows between the rocks, reflecting the town's appreciation of nature and its efforts to preserve the landscape and safeguard the environment.http://www.ktv.org.il/ Municipality website

Education

Oranim Academic College Oranim ( he, אֳרָנִים or , ''lit.'' Pines) is a college of education in northern Israel. The college was founded in 1951 by the United Kibbutz Movement. It was named after the small forest of pine trees in the area. It offers BA degrees in ...

- For educational studies. * Ramat Hadassah youth village About Ramat Hadassah Youth Village
/ref> - founded by

the Jewish Agency for Israel The Jewish Agency for Israel ( he, הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל, translit=HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) formerly known as The Jewish Agency for Palestine, is the largest Jewish non-profit organization in the world. ...

. * Kfar Tikvah, village for disabled people.

Landmarks

The town is best known for the national park, Beit She'arim, which borders it on the southwest. Beit Shearim was an important Jewish spiritual center and necropolis during the Roman period, and was once the seat of the

Sanhedrin The Sanhedrin (Hebrew and Aramaic: סַנְהֶדְרִין; Greek: , ''synedrion'', 'sitting together,' hence 'assembly' or 'council') was an assembly of either 23 or 71 elders (known as "rabbis" after the destruction of the Second Temple), ap ...

Notable residents

David Elazar David "Dado" Elazar ( he, דוד אלעזר; 27 August 1925 – 15 April 1976) was the ninth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), serving in that capacity from 1972 to 1974. He was forced to resign in the aftermath of the Yom Kippu ...

, former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces *

Mordechai Gur Mordechai "Motta" Gur ( he, מרדכי "מוטה" גור, May 6, 1930 – July 16, 1995) was an Israeli politician and the 10th Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. During the Six-Day War (1967), he commanded the brigade that penetrated ...

, former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces *

Tal Friedman Tal Friedman ( he, טל פרידמן; born 20 December 1963) is an Israeli actor, comedian and musician. Biography Friedman was born in Kiryat Ata, Israel, in 1963. His father was a holocaust survivor. He served in the Israeli Navy on a missile ...

, actor and comedian *

Tomer Hemed Tomer Hemed ( he, תומר חמד; born 2 May 1987) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a forward for Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Be'er Sheva and the Israel national team. Early and personal life Hemed was born and rai ...

, footballer *

Frank Lowy Sir Frank P. Lowy ( ; born 22 October 1930) is an Australian people, Australian-Israeli people, Israeli businessman of Jewish Slovakian-Hungarian origins and the former long-time Chairman of Westfield Corporation, a global shopping centre comp ...

, Australian businessman and third richest man in Australia as of 2016 *

Rina Mor Rina Mor-Goder ( he, רינה מור-גודר; née Messinger; February 16, 1956) is an Israeli lawyer, writer and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universe 1976. Biography Rina Goder (née Messinger) was born in Kiryat Tiv'on, near Haifa. Her ...

, lawyer, Miss Israel 1976 and

Miss Universe 1976 Miss Universe 1976, the 25th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 11 July 1976 at the Lee Theatre in Hong Kong. Rina Messinger of Israel was crowned by Anne Marie Pohtamo of Finland. This was the first and only time that an Israeli has won the comp ...

Hilla Nachshon Hilla Nachshon (or Hila, he, הילה נחשון; born ) is an Israeli television host, actress and former model. Early life Nachshon was born in Kiryat Bialik, Israel, to a family of Ashkenazi Jewish (Polish-Jewish) descent. Her father is ...

, TV host, model and actress. *

Sara Netanyahu Sara Netanyahu ( he, שרה נתניהו; ''née'' Ben-Artzi; born 5 November 1958) is the wife of former Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. By profession, she is an educational and career psychologist.Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (; ; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Israel from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2009 to 2021. He is currently serving as Leader of the Opposition and Chairman of ...

* Eliezer Smoli, children's author

Twin towns – sister cities

Kiryat Tiv'on is twinned with: *

Braunschweig Braunschweig () or Brunswick ( , from Low German ''Brunswiek'' , Braunschweig dialect: ''Bronswiek'') is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz Mountains at the farthest navigable point of the river Oker, which connects it to the Nor ...

, Germany *

Compiègne Compiègne (; pcd, Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. It is located on the river Oise. Its inhabitants are called ''Compiégnois''. Administration Compiègne is the seat of two cantons: * Compiègne-1 (with 19 c ...

, France *

Čakovec Čakovec (; hu, Csáktornya; la, Aquama; german: Tschakathurn) is a city in northern Croatia, located around north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital. Čakovec is both the county seat and the largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, sm ...

, Croatia

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * *

External links

New version of old self-defense group guards Jewish farmlands
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5:
IAAWikimedia commons
{{Authority control Local councils in Haifa District