The S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (russian: Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова) is a

higher education institution Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...

of military medicine in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

and the

Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

. Senior medical staff are trained for the Armed Forces and conduct research in military medical services.

History

Origins

The origins of the academy go back to the years of

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

. In 1715, by the Tsar's order the Admiralty Hospital in the

Vyborg Vyborg (; rus, Вы́борг, links=1, r=Výborg, p=ˈvɨbərk; fi, Viipuri ; sv, Viborg ; german: Wiborg ) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus ne ...

Side of

was founded. In 1717 next to in the Land Military Hospital was opened. Since 1773 surgical schools attached to both hospitals were operating. In 1786, those schools were consolidated into the Main Medical College. It became the principal training center for army and fleet physicians.

Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy

Unofficially, the year 1714 is considered the foundation year of the academy. The Medical and Surgical Academy was established by the order of Emperor Paul I of 18/29 December 1798 on the initiative of Baron Alexei Vasilyev, General Director of the Medical College. It was decorated with a set of panel paintings by

Giuseppe Bernasconi Giuseppe Bernasconi (''Iosif Ivanovich Bernaskoni''; Russian: Джузеппе/Иосиф Иванович Бернаскони; 1778 – 18 March 1839) was a Russian decorative painter of Swiss-Italian origins. He worked on decorations in many ...

. It was known as the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy from 1808. According to the order of Emperor Alexander I, a member of the Medical and Surgical Academy had the rights, liabilities, and benefits of a member of the Academy of Sciences. PGRS 2 071 Pirogov - crop

Sir James Wylie, a Scottish

baronet A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...

, managed the academy between 1808 and 1838. His contributions have been commemorated with a monument which stood in front of the academy until the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...

. It was later relocated and replaced with a statue of

Hygieia Hygieia is a goddess from Greek, as well as Roman, mythology (also referred to as: Hygiea or Hygeia; ; grc, Ὑγιεία or , la, Hygēa or ). Hygieia is a goddess of health ( el, ὑγίεια – ''hugieia''), cleanliness and hygiene. Her ...

Imperial Military Medical Academy

In 1881, the Academy's official name was changed into the Imperial Military Medical Academy. Ivan Romanovich Tarkhanov conducted some experiments there. In 1890–1901, the Academy's President was

Viktor Pashutin Viktor Vasilyevich Pashutin (Russian: Ви́ктор Васи́льевич Пашу́тин) was a Russian Pathophysiology, patophysiologist, one of the founders of the Pathophysiology, pathophysiologic school in Russia and of pathophysiology as ...

, one of the founders of the pathophysiologic school in

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

and of pathophysiology as an independent scientific discipline. The Nobel-prize winning physiologist

Ivan Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ( rus, Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов, , p=ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf, a=Ru-Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov.ogg; 27 February 1936), was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist, psychologist and physiol ...

graduated from the Academy in 1879. Since 1895 he headed Department of Physiology at the Academy for three decades. Ivan Pavlov NLM3

In 1904–1924,

Nikolai Kravkov Nikolai Pavlovich Kravkov (in Russian Николай Павлович Кравков) was a prominent Russian pharmacologist, Full Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1914), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science (192 ...

, the founder of Russian national school of pharmacologists, headed the Academy's Department of Pharmacology. In 1903–1936, one of the Academy's professors was Sergey Fedorov. The academy was also among the pioneers of medical

education for women Female education is a catch-all term of a complex set of issues and debates surrounding education ( primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, and health education in particular) for girls and women. It is frequently called girl ...

, launching the courses for nurse-midwives in 1872.

Nadezhda Suslova Nadezhda Prokofyevna Suslova (russian: Надежда Прокофьевна Суслова; 1 September 1843 – 20 April 1918) was Russia's first woman medical doctor and the sister of Polina Suslova. She worked as a gynecologist in Nizhny No ...

, the first female physician in Russia, attended Sechenov's classes at the academy.

S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

After

Sergey Kirov Sergei Mironovich Kirov (né Kostrikov; 27 March 1886 – 1 December 1934) was a Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary whose assassination led to the first Great Purge. Kirov was an early revolutionary in the Russian Empire and membe ...

's assassination in 1934, the Academy received his name.

Leon Orbeli Leon Abgarovich Orbeli ( hy, Լևոն Աբգարի Օրբելի, Levon Abgari Orbeli; russian: Леон Абгарович Орбели, Levon Abgarovich Orbeli; – 9 December 1958) was an Armenian physiologist active in the Russian SFSR ...

, one of Pavlov's disciples, led the Academy in 1943–1950. In 1956, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy was united with the Naval Medical Academy established on the basis of Obukhovskaya Hospital and the Third Leningrad Medical Institute in 1940. The academy had six faculties, 61 departments, 30 clinics, 16 research laboratories, and two research centres in 2002. Late in 2011, minister of defense

Anatoliy Serdyukov Anatoly Eduardovich Serdyukov (russian: Анатолий Эдуардович Сердюков; born 8 January 1962) is a Russian politician and businessman. He was Russia's Minister of Defense from 15 February 2007 to 6 November 2012, and made ...

declared his intention to move the academy from the centre of Saint Petersburg to one of its suburbs. This decision was overturned after Serdyukov had been sacked. Russian Medical Military Academy in SPB

Graduates are commissioned as officers with medical doctor credentials. The institution also provides advanced training for mid-career military medical doctors and trains graduate students on the

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...

level.

Structure

The academy has the following faculties: *Faculty of Management *Faculty of Training of Doctors (for the Strategic Missile Forces and

Russian Ground Forces The Russian Ground Forces (russian: Сухопутные войска �ВSukhoputnyye voyska V}), also known as the Russian Army (, ), are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces. The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces ...

) *Faculty of Physician Training (for

Russian Aerospace Forces The Russian Aerospace Forces or Russian Air and Space Forces ( rus, Воздушно-космические силы, r=Vozdushno-kosmicheskiye sily) or VKS ( rus, ВКС}) comprise the air and space branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Fe ...

) *Faculty of Physician Training (for the Russian Navy) *Faculty of the Training of Foreign Doctors *Faculty of Training of Professional Doctors *Faculty of Training for Civilian Specialists *Faculty of Secondary Vocational Education Mo narznaki94 1

The educational bases of the branch are: * Educational and laboratory building * Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko * Branch of the hospital * 3rd Central Exhibition Hall ** Branch No. 1 ** Branch No. 2 ** Branch No. 6 * 2nd Central Military Hospital named after P. Mandryka * Treatment and Rehabilitation Clinical Center * 9th Diagnostic and Treatment Center * Moscow Regional Ambulance Station Since 1 September 2015, it has been working as a branch of the Institute for the Advancement of Doctors of the Ministry of Defense. 63 departments (28 military, 35 civilian), of which 31 are clinical, 17 are surgical, and 14 are therapeutic.

Support units

There are three support units * Base – The academy’s clinical base has a staff capacity of 2,616 beds and is represented by 16 surgical clinics (including 7 general and 9 specialized clinics). * Editorial office – Since November 4, 1958, the Academy has been publishing the large-circulation newspaper Military Doctor, since 1999 the quarterly journal Vestnik of the Russian Military Medical Academy, and since 2016, Izvestia of the Russian Military Medical Academy. *

Military Band A military band is a group of personnel that performs musical duties for military functions, usually for the armed forces. A typical military band consists mostly of wind and percussion instruments. The conductor of a band commonly bears the tit ...

– The band of the Military Medical Academy is the official marching band of the academy. The band took part in many celebrations held by the administrations of the city of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast. In the Soviet era, the band won multiple prizes during the All-Union Competition. It is an annual participant in the Victory Day Parade on 9 May, a parade in honor of the lifting of the

Siege of Leningrad The siege of Leningrad (russian: links=no, translit=Blokada Leningrada, Блокада Ленинграда; german: links=no, Leningrader Blockade; ) was a prolonged military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the Soviet city of L ...

, as well as the celebrations of the Day of the City,

Paratroopers' Day Airborne Forces Day (russian: День Воздушно-десантных войск) also known as Paratroopers' Day (russian: День десантника) is a professional military holiday in Russia and other countries, celebrated on 2 August ...

and

Alexander Nevsky Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (russian: Александр Ярославич Невский; ; 13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) served as Prince of Novgorod (1236–40, 1241–56 and 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–52) and Grand P ...

Day. Musicians of the band have notably participated in the filming of historical films and military-historical reconstructions. In 2019, the band, led by conductor Lieutenant Cololonel Mikhail Nikolaev, participated in the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo on Red Square. In 2016, 11 territorial retraining and advanced training courses for paramedical personnel were opened in

Vladivostok Vladivostok ( rus, Владивосто́к, a=Владивосток.ogg, p=vɫədʲɪvɐˈstok) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia. The city is located around the Zolotoy Rog, Golden Horn Bay on the Sea ...

, Chita,

Novosibirsk Novosibirsk (, also ; rus, Новосиби́рск, p=nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk, a=ru-Новосибирск.ogg) is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the Russian Census ...

Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administra ...

Samara Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...

Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don ( rus, Ростов-на-Дону, r=Rostov-na-Donu, p=rɐˈstof nə dɐˈnu) is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East Eu ...

Sevastopol Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...

Kaliningrad Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...

, Severomorsk,

Podolsk Podolsk ( rus, Подольск, p=pɐˈdolʲsk) is an industrial city, center of Podolsk Urban Okrug, Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Pakhra River (a tributary of the Moskva River). History The first mentions of the village of Podol, w ...

and

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

Awards

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...

(1954) *

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...

(1968) * Battle Order "For Merit to the People and the Fatherland" (

German Democratic Republic German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

) (1974) *

(

People's Republic of Mongolia The Mongolian People's Republic ( mn, Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс, БНМАУ; , ''BNMAU''; ) was a socialist state which existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia in East Asia. It w ...

) (1978) *

Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland The Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Order Zasługi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is a Polish order of merit created in 1974, awarded to persons who have rendered great service to Poland. It is granted to foreigners or Poles resident ab ...

(

Polish People's Republic The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million nea ...

) (1986) * Military Exploit Order (

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

) (1988) * Order "Friendship of Peoples" 1st degree (

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA),, renamed the Republic of Afghanistan, in 1987, was the Afghan state during the one-party rule of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1978 to 1992. The PDPA came to power ...

) (1989) * Order of Antonio Maceo (

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

) (1992)

Notable alumni

Nikolay Anichkov Nikolay Nikolayevich Anichkov (russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Ани́чков, often spelled ''Anitschkow'' in German literature) (1885, Saint Petersburg – 1964) was a prominent pathologist of Russian heritage. Anichkov first ...

(1885–1964) * Boris Babkin (1877–1950) *

Vladimir Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; January 20, 1857 – December 24, 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best know ...

(1857–1927) * Peter Borovsky (1863–1932) *

Eugene Botkin Yevgeny Sergeyevich Botkin (russian: Евгений Сергеевич Боткин; 27 March 1865 – 17 July 1918), commonly known as Eugene Botkin, was the court physician since 1908 for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra. He sometimes ...

(1865–1918) *

Alexey Bystrow Alexey Petrovich Bystrow, sometimes spelled Alexey Petrovich Bystrov and Aleksei Petrovich Bystrow, (russian: Алексе́й Петро́вич Быстро́в; February 1, 1899 – August 29, 1959) was a Soviet paleontologist, anatomist, ...

(1899–1959) *

Nikolay Gamaleya Nikolay Fyodorovich Gamaleya (russian: Никола́й Фёдорович Гамале́я; – 29 March 1949) was a Russian and Soviet physician and scientist who played a pioneering role in microbiology and vaccine research. Biography Gamale ...

(1859–1949) *

Ilya Gruzinov Ilya Egorovich Gruzinov (Russian language, Russian: Илья Егорович Грузинов; 1781 – January 1813) was an Imperial Russian professor of anatomy and physiology at Imperial Moscow University. He discovered in 1812 that the actua ...

(1781–1813) * Alexander Dianin (1851–1918) *

Alexander Dubrovin Alexander Ivanovich Dubrovin (russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Дубро́вин) (1855, Kungur – unknown) was a Russian Empire right wing politician, a leader of the Union of the Russian People (URP). Biography A trained do ...

(1855–1921) * Boris Karvasarsky (1931–2013) *

Oleg Kotov Oleg Valeriyevich Kotov (russian: Олег Валериевич Котов) was born on 27 October 1965 in Simferopol, Crimean oblast in the Ukrainian SSR. After a career as a physician assigned to the Soviet space program, he joined the Russian ...

(1865–1924) *

Vasily Kravkov Vasily Pavlovich Kravkov (Russian: Василий Павлович Кравков; 1859–1920) was an Imperial Russian Army medical officer, Privy Councilor (1917), and author of diaries of the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. Biography V ...

(1859–1920) *

Nikolai Kulbin Nikolai Ivanovich Kulbin (russian: Николай Иванович Кульбин; 1868, Helsinki – 6 March 1917, Petrograd) was a Russian Futurist Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horiz ...

(1868–1917) *

Nikolai Kurochkin Nikolai Stepanovich Kurochkin (Николай Степанович Курочкин, 4 June 1830, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, — 14 December 1884, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian poet, editor, translator (Arsène Houssaye nov ...

(1830–1884) *

Peter Lesgaft Peter Franzevich Lesgaft (russian: Пётр Францевич Лесгафт) (21 September 1837 – 1909) was a Russian teacher, anatomist, physician and social reformer. He was the founder of the modern system of physical education and medical-p ...

(1837–1909) *

Artur Lossmann Artur Lossmann (also Arthur Lossmann; 5 October 1877 Vana-Vändra Parish, Pärnu County – 1 August 1972 London) was an Estonian military personnel (Major-General). He was one of the most prominent military medicine specialist in Estonia. In 19 ...

(1877–1972) *

Alexander Maximow Alexander Alexandrowitsch Maximow (russian: Александр Александрович Максимов; – December 4, 1928) was a Russian-American scientist in the fields of Histology and Embryology whose team developed the hypothesis about ...

(1874–1928) *

Mamia Orakhelashvili Mamia Orakhelashvili ( ka, მამია ორახელაშვილი, russian: Иван (Мамия) Дмитриевич Орахелашвили, ''Ivan (Mamia) Dmitrievich Orakhelashvili''; June 10, 1881 – December 11, 1937) was a ...

(1881–1937) *

(1882–1958) *

(1845–1901) *

Yevgeny Pavlovsky Yevgeny Nikanorovich Pavlovsky (russian: Евге́ний Никано́рович Павло́вский ; 22 February (N.S. 5 March) 1884, today's Voronezh Oblast – 27 May 1965, Leningrad) was a Soviet zoologist, entomologist, academician of ...

(1884–1965) *

Victor Protopopov Victor Pavlovich Protopopov ( ua, Протопопов Віктор Павлович; October 22, 1880, Poltava Governorate – 1957, Kiev) was a famous Ukrainian Soviet psychiatrist and, member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Being a pupil of Vlad ...

(1880–1957) *

Yuri Senkevich Yuri Aleksandrovich Senkevich (russian: Юрий Александрович Сенкевич) (March 4, 1937 in Choibalsan, Mongolia – September 25, 2003 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet doctor, and scientist. He is a Candidate of Sciences ...

(1937–2003) * Christian von Steven (1781–1863) *

Pauls Stradiņš Pauls Stradiņš (17 January 1896 – 14 August 1958) was a Latvian professor, physician, and surgeon who founded the Museum of the History of Medicine in Riga. Early life Stradiņš was born in Eķengrāve (german: Eckengraf) (now Viesīte ...

(1896–1958) * Ivan Tarkhanov (1846–1908) *

Andrei Tolubeyev Andrei Yurevich Tolubeyev (russian: Андрей Юрьевич Толубеев) (March 30, 1945 – April 7, 2008) was a Soviet and Russian theatrical and cinema actor. People’s Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the RSFSR (1991). Chai ...

(1945–2008) * Alexander Vinogradov (1895–1975) *

Vasily Vorontsov Vasilii Pavlovich Vorontsov (Russian: Василий Павлович Воронцов; Pseudonym: V.V., 1847 – December 1918) was an influential Russian ''narodnik'' economist and sociologist, one of the principal protagonists in the controversy ...

(1847–1918) * Konrad Wagner (1862–1948) *

Jakub Wygodzki Jakub Wygodzki (18561941; lt, Jokūbas Vygodskis, he, יעקב ויגודסקי) was a Polish–Lithuanian Jewish politician, Zionist activist and a medical doctor. He was one of the most prominent Jewish activists in Vilnius (Vilna, Wilno). Edu ...

(1856–1941)

References

External links

* {{Authority control 1798 establishments in the Russian Empire Educational institutions established in 1798 Military academies of Russia Military academies of the Soviet Army Military medicine in Russia Military medicine in the Soviet Union Medical schools in Russia Universities in Saint Petersburg Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg