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In Kenya
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, national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Nairobi
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, largest_city = Nairobi
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under British rule the ''kipande'' was an identity document which featured basic personal details, fingerprint
A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. The recovery of partial fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science. Moisture and grease on a finger result in fingerprints on surfac ...
s, and an employment history. The Native Registration Amendment Ordinance of 1920 made it compulsory for African males above the age of 15. The effect of its adoption was to radically restrict the mobility of Africans. The main intent of the policy, supposedly, was to keep track of the labor pool efficiently. ''Kipande'' caused much resentment as all African males were required to wear it at all times around their necks.
The word "Kipande" is also part of some Kenyan place names.
See also
*Pass laws
In South Africa, pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, manage urbanization and allocate migrant labor. Also known as the natives' law, pass laws severely limited the movements of not only black ...
in South Africa
Sources
*David Anderson (2000), "Master and Servant in Colonial Kenya", ''Journal of African History
''The Journal of African History'' (JAH) is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1960 and is published by Cambridge University Press. It was among the first specialist journals to be devoted to African history and arch ...
'', 41:459-485.
*Maxon & Ofcansky (2000), ''Historical Dictionary of Kenya''.
{{Kenya-hist-stub
History of Kenya
East Africa Protectorate
Identity documents