The following is a list of the known rulers of the Kingdom of

Edom Edom (; Edomite: ; he, אֱדוֹם , lit.: "red"; Akkadian: , ; Ancient Egyptian: ) was an ancient kingdom in Transjordan, located between Moab to the northeast, the Arabah to the west, and the Arabian Desert to the south and east.N ...

in the

Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is eq ...

Descendants of
Esau Esau ''Ēsaû''; la, Hesau, Esau; ar, عِيسَوْ ''‘Īsaw''; meaning "hairy"Easton, M. ''Illustrated Bible Dictionary'', (, , 2006, p. 236 or "rough".Mandel, D. ''The Ultimate Who's Who in the Bible'', (.), 2007, p. 175 is the elder son o ...

Esau Esau ''Ēsaû''; la, Hesau, Esau; ar, عِيسَوْ ''‘Īsaw''; meaning "hairy"Easton, M. ''Illustrated Bible Dictionary'', (, , 2006, p. 236 or "rough".Mandel, D. ''The Ultimate Who's Who in the Bible'', (.), 2007, p. 175 is the elder son o ...

עֵשָׂו (Edom אֱדֹֽום) Married three wives *

Reuel Reuel or Raguel (; Edomite: 𐤓𐤏𐤀𐤋, ''RʿʾL''), meaning "God shall pasture" or more specifically " El shall pasture" (as a shepherd does with his flock) is a Hebrew name associated with several biblical and religious figures. Biblical ...

רְעוּאֵֽל By

Basemath Basemath (, Arabic: بسمة; "Sweet-smile"), in the Hebrew Bible, is one of the wives of Esau. In , Basemath is the name of the first wife of Esau. She was the daughter of Elon the Hittite (). Because Basemath was a Canaanite, Esau’s marriage ...

בָּשְׂמַ֥ת (daughter of Elon the Hittite, wife of Ishmael?) Also called Mahalath (the sister of

Nebaioth Nebaioth ( ''Nəḇāyōṯ'') or Nebajoth is mentioned at least five times in the Hebrew Bible, according to which he was the firstborn son of Ishmael, and the name appears as the name of one of the wilderness tribes mentioned in the Book of Genes ...

, the firstborn of Ishmael) Married just after Jacob's flight to Haran ** Nahath נַ֥חַת ** Zerah זֶ֖רַח (father of Jobab, 2nd Duke of Edom?) ** Shammah שַׁמָּ֣ה ** Mizzah מִזָּ֑ה * Jeush יְע֥וּשׁ By

Oholibamah Aholibamah (Hebrew: ''ʾĀhŏlīḇāmā''; "My tabernacle of/is height/exaltation" or "Tent of the High Place"Phillips, J. ''Exploring Genesis: an expository commentary'', (, ), 2001, p. 284), is an eight-time referenced matriarch in the biblical ...

אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ (daughter of

Anah Anah or Ana ( ar, عانة, ''ʾĀna'', syr, ܐܢܐ), formerly also known as Anna, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates river, approximately midway between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf. Anah lies from west to east on the right bank ...

עֲנָ֔ה (the wife of

Beeri There are two biblical figures named 'Beeri.' The etymology of Beeri (, ''Bə’êrî'') is given as "belonging to a fountain" by Wilhelm Gesenius, but as "expounder" by the ''International Standard Bible Encyclopedia'' and "well" according to the ...

?) the daughter of Zibeon צִבְעֹ֖ון the Hivite). (Also called Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite) Married just before Jacob's flight to Haran *

Jalam Talam ( fa, تلم; also known as Jalam) is a village in Estakhr-e Posht Rural District, Hezarjarib District, Neka County, Mazandaran Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a ...

יַעְלָ֖ם *

Korah Korah ( he, ''Qōraḥ''; ar, قارون ''Qārūn''), son of Izhar, is an individual who appears in the Book of Numbers of the Hebrew Bible and four different verses in the Quran, known for leading a rebellion against Moses. Some older Englis ...

קֹ֑רַח *

Eliphaz Eliphaz ( "My Elohim is gold", Standard Hebrew Elifaz, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĔlîp̄az / ʾĔlîp̄āz) was the first-born son of Esau and his wife Adah (biblical figure), Adah. He had six sons, of whom Omar (biblical figure), Omar was the firstbor ...

אֱלִיפָ֑ז By Adah עָדָ֗ה daughter of Elon אֵילֹון֙ the Hittite. (possibly the same Eliphaz the Temanite in the

Book of Job The Book of Job (; hbo, אִיּוֹב, ʾIyyōḇ), or simply Job, is a book found in the Ketuvim ("Writings") section of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), and is the first of the Poetic Books in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Scholars ar ...

) Married before Jacob's flight to Haran ** Teman תֵּימָ֣ן ** Omar אֹומָ֔ר ** Zepho צְפֹ֥ו ** Gatam גַעְתָּ֖ם **

Kenaz Kenaz ( he, ''Qənāz'', "hunter") is the name of several persons in the Hebrew Bible. * A son of Eliphaz, and a grandson of Esau. He was an Edomite leader. (Genesis 36:11, 15, 42). He may have been the ancestor of the Kenezites. * Caleb's you ...

קְנַֽז **

Amalek Amalek (; he, עֲמָלֵק, , ar, عماليق ) was a nation described in the Hebrew Bible as a staunch enemy of the Israelites. The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the ...

עֲמָלֵ֑ק (by his concubine

Timna Timna ( Qatabānic: , romanized: , ; ar, تمنع, translit=Timnaʿ) is an ancient city in Yemen, the capital of the Qataban kingdom; it is distinct from a valley in southern Israel that shares the same name. During ancient times, Timna was an i ...

תִמְנַ֣ע the sister of Lotan the son of Seir)

Kings and governors

Non-hereditary kings

Dukes/chiefs

* Timnah (Timna) * Aliah (Alvah) * Jetheth * Oholibamah * Elah * Pinon * Kenaz * Teman II * Mibzar * Magdiel * Iram * To Israel c. 990-922 ** ? * To Judah 922 - early 9th century ** ? * To Assyria 724-612 **

Kaus-malaka Ḳaus-malaka (Akkadian: 𒋡𒍑𒈠𒆷𒅗 ''Qauš-malaka''; Edomite: 𐤒𐤅𐤎𐤌𐤋𐤊 ''Qāws-melek'' or ''Qāws-malāk'') was the king of Udumi (Edom) during the reign of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III. His name can either mean ...

''fl'' c. 734 (Assyrian name; Edomite name Qos-melek) **

Malik-rammu Malik-rammu (Akkadian: 𒈠𒌨𒉘𒈬 ''ma-lik-ram-mu''; Edomite: 𐤌𐤋𐤊‬𐤓‬𐤌 ''Melek-ram'' — possibly meaning "Great King" or "King of Multitudes") was king of Udumi ( Edom) around the year 701 BCE, during the reign of the As ...

(Assyrian name; Edomite name Melek-ram) ''fl.'' c. 701 **

Kaus-gabri Ḳaus-gabri (Akkadian: 𒋡𒍑𒃮𒊑 ''Qauš-gabari''; Edomite: 𐤒𐤅𐤎𐤂𐤁𐤓 ''Qāws-gābr'') was king of ''Udumi'' or Edom in the 670s BC, during the reigns of the Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal ( Neo-Ass ...

''fl.'' c. 680 (Assyrian name; Edomite name Qos-geber) * To Babylon 612-539 ** ? * Independence 539-c. 275 ** ? * To the Seleucid Empire c. 200-160 ** ? c. 270 - c. 200 ** Gorigas 160s ** ? 160-109 * Governors of

Idumea Edom (; Edomite: ; he, אֱדוֹם , lit.: "red"; Akkadian: , ; Ancient Egyptian: ) was an ancient kingdom in Transjordan, located between Moab to the northeast, the Arabah to the west, and the Arabian Desert to the south and east. ...

under the

Hasmonean dynasty The Hasmonean dynasty (; he, ''Ḥašmōnaʾīm'') was a ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during classical antiquity, from BCE to 37 BCE. Between and BCE the dynasty ruled Judea semi-autonomously in the Seleucid Empire, and ...

109 BC. ** Antipas c. 100-78 **

Antipater Antipater (; grc, , translit=Antipatros, lit=like the father; c. 400 BC319 BC) was a Macedonian general and statesman under the subsequent kingships of Philip II of Macedon and his son, Alexander the Great. In the wake of the collaps ...

78-43

Governors of Idumea under Herod

''Note that the Herodian dynasty itself was of Idumaean extraction.'' *

Joseph ben Antipater Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...

(brother of Herod the Great). c. 43-35 *

Costobarus Costobarus (Greek: Κοστόβαρος) was an associate of Herod the Great (who made Costobarus governor of Idumea) and second husband of Herod's sister Salome I. He was also known as Costobar.{{cite book, last1=Flavius, first1=Josephus (93 CE), l ...

(brother-in-law of Herod the Great).......30s * To

Judea Judea or Judaea ( or ; from he, יהודה, Hebrew language#Modern Hebrew, Standard ''Yəhūda'', Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian ''Yehūḏā''; el, Ἰουδαία, ; la, Iūdaea) is an ancient, historic, Biblical Hebrew, contemporaneous L ...

directly.................................30s-4 * To

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

..........................................4 BC- AD 60

Governors of Idumea under the Revolutionary government of Judaea

Niger the Perean Niger of Perea (d. 68) was a military leader during the First Jewish–Roman War. During the attack on Cestius in 66, he distinguished himself, which led to his becoming governor of Idumea. The same year, he led a disastrous attack on Ashkelon, wh ...

* Joshua ben Saphas ha-Kohen * Eleazar ben Hananiah * To Rome

References

{{Reflist, 35em Edom