This list of kings and reigning queens of the Kingdom of England begins with

Alfred the Great Alfred the Great (alt. Ælfred 848/849 – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf and his first wife Osburh, who bot ...

, who initially ruled Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which later made up modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo-Saxons from about 886, and while he was not the first king to claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. Arguments are made for a few different kings thought to have controlled enough Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to be deemed the first king of England. For example,

Offa of Mercia Offa (died 29 July 796 AD) was List of monarchs of Mercia, King of Mercia, a kingdom of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death. The son of Thingfrith and a descendant of Eowa of Mercia, Eowa, Offa came to ...

and Egbert of Wessex are sometimes described as kings of England by popular writers, but it is no longer the majority view of historians that their wide dominions are part of a process leading to a unified England. Historian Simon Keynes states, for example, that "Offa was driven by a lust for power, not a vision of English unity; and what he left was a reputation, not a legacy." This refers to a period in the late 8th century when Offa achieved a dominance over many of the kingdoms of southern England, but this did not survive his death in 796. Likewise, in 829 Egbert of Wessex conquered Mercia, but he soon lost control of it. It was not until the late 9th century that one kingdom, Wessex, had become the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Its king, Alfred the Great, was overlord of western Mercia and used the title ''King of the Angles and Saxons'', but he never ruled eastern and northern England, which was then known as the Danelaw, having earlier been conquered by the

Danes Danes ( da, danskere, ) are a North Germanic ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. Danes generally regard t ...

from southern Scandinavia. His son Edward the Elder conquered the eastern Danelaw, but Edward's son Æthelstan became the first king to rule the whole of England when he conquered Northumbria in 927, and he is regarded by some modern historians as the first true king of England. The title "King of the English" or in Latin, was first used to describe Æthelstan in one of his charters in 928. The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or . From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of "King" or "Queen of England". The Principality of Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, and in 1301 King Edward I invested his eldest son, the future King Edward II, as Prince of Wales. Since that time, the eldest sons of all English monarchs, except for King Edward III, have borne this title. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I without issue in 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I of England, joining the crowns of England and Scotland in personal union. By royal proclamation, James styled himself "King of Great Britain", but no such kingdom was actually created until 1707, when England and Scotland united during the reign of Queen Anne to form the new Kingdom of Great Britain, with a single British parliament sitting at Westminster. This marked the end of the Kingdom of England as a sovereign state.

House of Wessex

, - , Alfred
Alfred the Great

c. 886
–
26 October 899
''(13 years)'' , Statue d'Alfred le Grand à Winchester

, 849

Son of

Æthelwulf of Wessex C3, C-3, C.3, C03, C.III or C-III may refer to: Life and biology * C3 carbon fixation in plants * C3-convertase, an enzyme * Complement component 3, a protein of the innate immune system * Apolipoprotein C3, a human very low density lipoprotein ...

and Osburh , Ealhswith of Gainsborough
868
5 children , 26 October 899
Aged about 50 , Son of

Treaty of Wedmore , - , Edward the Elder
26 October 899
–
17 July 924
''()'' , Edward the Elder - MS Royal 14 B VI

Son of Alfred
and Ealhswith ,

Ecgwynn Ecgwynn or Ecgwynna (Old English ''Eċġwynn'', lit. "sword joy"; ''fl''. 890s), was the first consort of Edward the Elder, later King of the English (reigned 899–924), by whom she bore the future King Æthelstan (r. 924–939), and a daughter ...

2 children

Ælfflæd Ælfflæd is a name of Anglo-Saxon England meaning Ælf (Elf) and flæd (beauty). It may refer to: * Saint Ælfflæd of Whitby (654–714) * Ælfflæd of Mercia, daughter of Offa, wife of King Æthelred I of Northumbria * Ælfflæd, wife of Edwar ...

8 children

Eadgifu of Kent

4 children , 17 July 924
Aged about 50 , Son of Alfred , - , Æthelstan
Æthelstan the Glorious
924

–
27 October 939
''(14–15 years)'' , Aethelstan1 of England

, 894

Son of Edward the Elder
and

, Unmarried , 27 October 939
Aged about 45 , Son of Edward the Elder , - ,

Edmund I Edmund I or Eadmund I (920/921 – 26 May 946) was King of the English from 27 October 939 until his death in 946. He was the elder son of King Edward the Elder and his third wife, Queen Eadgifu, and a grandson of King Alfred the Great. After ...

Edmund the Magnificent
27 October 939
–
26 May 946
''()'' , Edmund I - MS Royal 14 B V

Son of Edward the Elder
and Eadgifu of Kent ,

Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury (died 944) was the first wife of King Edmund I (r. 939–946). She was Queen of the English from her marriage in around 939 until her death in 944. Ælfgifu and Edmund were the parents of two future English kings, Eadwi ...

2 sons

Æthelflæd of Damerham
944
No children , 26 May 946
Pucklechurch
Killed in a brawl aged about 25 , Son of Edward the Elder , - , Eadred
26 May 946
–
23 November 955
''()'' , Eadred - MS Royal 14 B VI

Son of Edward the Elder
and Eadgifu of Kent , Unmarried , 23 November 955
Frome
Aged about 32 , Son of Edward the Elder , - , Eadwig
Eadwig All-Fair
23 November 955
–
1 October 959
''()'' , Eadwig - MS Royal 14 B VI

Son of

and

, Ælfgifu
No verified children , 1 October 959
Aged about 19 , Son of

, - , Edgar the Peaceful
1 October 959
–
8 July 975
''()'' , New Minster Charter 966 detail Edgar

,
Wessex

Son of Edmund I
and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury , Æthelflæd

1 son

Ælfthryth

2 sons , 8 July 975

Winchester Winchester is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government Districts of England, district, at the western end of the South Downs Nation ...

Aged 31 , Son of Edmund I , - , Edward the Martyr
8 July 975
–
18 March 978
''()'' , Edward the Martyr - MS Royal 14 B VI

Son of Edgar the Peaceful
and Æthelflæd , Unmarried , 18 March 978
Corfe Castle
Murdered aged about 16 , Son of Edgar the Peaceful , - , ''(1st reign)''
Æthelred the Unready
18 March 978
–
1013
''(34–35 years)'' , EthelUn

Son of Edgar the Peaceful
and Ælfthryth , Ælfgifu of York
991
9 children

Emma of Normandy
1002
3 children , 23 April 1016
London
Aged about 48 , Son of Edgar the Peaceful

House of Denmark

England came under the control of Sweyn Forkbeard, a Danish king, after an invasion in 1013, during which Æthelred abandoned the throne and went into exile in Normandy. , - , Sweyn
Sweyn Forkbeard
25 December 1013
–
3 February 1014
''()'' ,

, 17 April 963
Denmark

Son of Harald Bluetooth
and either Tove or Gunhild , Gunhild of Wenden

7 children

Sigrid the Haughty

1 daughter , 3 February 1014
Gainsborough
Aged 50 , Right of conquest

House of Wessex (restored, first time)

Following the death of Sweyn Forkbeard, Æthelred the Unready returned from

exile Exile is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suf ...

and was again proclaimed king on 3 February 1014. His son succeeded him after being chosen king by the citizens of London and a part of the Witan, despite ongoing Danish efforts to wrest the crown from the West Saxons. , - , ''(2nd reign)''
Æthelred the Unready
3 February 1014
–
23 April 1016
''()'' , EthelUn

Son of Edgar the Peaceful
and Ælfthryth , Ælfgifu of York
991
9 children

Emma of Normandy
1002
3 children , 23 April 1016
London
Aged about 48 , Son of Edgar the Peaceful , - , Edmund Ironside
23 April 1016
–
30 November 1016
''()'' , Edmund Ironside - MS Royal 14 B V

Son of Æthelred
and Ælfgifu of York , Edith of East Anglia
2 children , 30 November 1016
Glastonbury
Aged 26 , Son of Æthelred

House of Denmark (restored)

Following the decisive Battle of Assandun on 18 October 1016, King Edmund signed a treaty with Cnut (Canute) under which all of England except for Wessex would be controlled by Cnut. Upon Edmund's death just over a month later on 30 November, Cnut ruled the whole kingdom as its sole king for nineteen years. , Cnut
Cnut the Great
18 October 1016
–
12 November 1035
''()'' , Knut der Große cropped

Son of

Sweyn Forkbeard Sweyn Forkbeard ( non, Sveinn Haraldsson tjúguskegg ; da, Svend Tveskæg; 17 April 963 – 3 February 1014) was King of Denmark from 986 to 1014, also at times King of the English and King of Norway. He was the father of King Harald II of D ...

and Gunhilda of Poland , Ælfgifu of Northampton
2 sons

Emma of Normandy
1017
2 children , 12 November 1035
Shaftesbury
Aged about 40 , Son of Sweyn

Treaty of Deerhurst , - , Harold Harefoot
12 November 1035
–
17 March 1040
''()'' ,

Son of Cnut the Great
and Ælfgifu of Northampton , , 17 March 1040
Oxford
Aged about 24 , Son of Cnut the Great , - ,

Harthacnut Harthacnut ( da, Hardeknud; "Tough-knot"; – 8 June 1042), traditionally Hardicanute, sometimes referred to as Canute III, was King of Denmark from 1035 to 1042 and King of the English from 1040 to 1042. Harthacnut was the son of King ...

17 March 1040
–
8 June 1042
''()'' , Hardeknut

, 1018

Son of Cnut the Great
and Emma of Normandy , Unmarried , 8 June 1042

Lambeth Lambeth () is a district in South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth, historically in the County of Surrey. It is situated south of Charing Cross. The population of the London Borough of Lambeth was 303,086 in 2011. The area expe ...

Aged about 24 , Son of Cnut the Great

House of Wessex (restored, second time)

After

, there was a Saxon Restoration between 1042 and 1066. , - ,

Edward the Confessor Edward the Confessor ; la, Eduardus Confessor , ; ( 1003 – 5 January 1066) was one of the last Anglo-Saxon English kings. Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, he ruled from 1042 to 1066. Edward was the son of Æth ...

8 June 1042
–
5 January 1066
''()'' , Edward Confessor

,
Islip

Son of Æthelred
and Emma of Normandy , Edith of Wessex
23 January 1045
No children , 5 January 1066
Westminster Palace
Aged about 63 , Son of Æthelred

House of Godwin

, - , Harold II
Harold Godwinson
6 January 1066
–
14 October 1066
''()'' , BayeuxTapestryScene13(crop2)

Son of

Godwin of Wessex Godwin of Wessex ( ang, Godwine; – 15 April 1053) was an English nobleman who became one of the most powerful earls in Kingdom of England, England under the Denmark, Danish king Cnut the Great (King of England from 1016 to 1035) and his succ ...

and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir ,

Edith Swannesha Edith the Fair ( ang, Ealdgȳð Swann hnesce, "Edyth the Gentle Swan"; c. 1025 – c. 1066), also known as Edith Swanneck,Her first name is also spelled Ealdgyth, Aldgyth, ''Edeva'' or Eddeva, and sometimes appears as ''Ēadgȳð'' and ''Ēadgif ...

5 children

Ealdgyth

2 sons , 14 October 1066
Hastings
Died in the Battle of Hastings aged 44 , Supposedly named heir by

Elected by the Witenagemot

House of Normandy

In 1066, several rival claimants to the English throne emerged. Among them were Harold Godwinson (recognised as king by the Witenagemot after the death of

Harald Hardrada Harald Sigurdsson (; – 25 September 1066), also known as Harald III of Norway and given the epithet ''Hardrada'' (; modern no, Hardråde, roughly translated as "stern counsel" or "hard ruler") in the sagas, was King of Norway from 1046 t ...

(King of Norway who claimed to be the rightful heir of Harthacnut) and Duke William II of Normandy (vassal to the King of France, and first cousin once-removed of Edward the Confessor). Harald and William both invaded separately in 1066. Godwinson successfully repelled the invasion by Hardrada, but ultimately lost the throne of England in the

Norman conquest of England The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, Duchy of Brittany, Breton, County of Flanders, Flemish, and Kingdom of France, French troops, ...

. After the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, William the Conqueror made permanent the recent removal of the capital from

to London. Following the death of Harold Godwinson at Hastings, the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot elected as king Edgar Ætheling, the son of Edward the Exile and grandson of Edmund Ironside. The young monarch was unable to resist the invaders and was never crowned. William was crowned King William I of England on Christmas Day 1066, in Westminster Abbey, and is today known as William the Conqueror, William the Bastard or William I. , - , William I
William the Conqueror
25 December 1066
–
9 September 1087
''()'' , Vilem1

Falaise Castle Falaise may refer to: Places * Falaise, Ardennes, France * Falaise, Calvados, France ** The Falaise pocket was the site of a battle in the Second World War * La Falaise, in the Yvelines ''département'', France * The Falaise escarpment in Quebe ...

Son of

Robert the Magnificent Robert the Magnificent (french: le Magnifique;He was also, although erroneously, said to have been called 'Robert the Devil' (french: le Diable). Robert I was never known by the nickname 'the devil' in his lifetime. 'Robert the Devil' was a fic ...

and

Herleva Herleva ( 1003 – c. 1050) was an 11th-century Norman woman known for having been mother of William the Conqueror, born to an extramarital relationship with Robert I, Duke of Normandy, and also of William's prominent half-brothers Odo of Bayeux ...

, Matilda of Flanders
Normandy
1053
9 children , 9 September 1087

Rouen Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine in northern France. It is the prefecture of the Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of ...

Aged about 59 , Supposedly named heir in 1052 by

First cousin once removed of Edward the Confessor

Right of conquest , - , William II
William Rufus
26 September 1087
–
2 August 1100
''()'' , William II of England

,
Normandy

Son of William the Conqueror
and Matilda of Flanders , Unmarried , 2 August 1100
New Forest
Shot with an arrow aged 44 , Son of William I

Granted the Kingdom of England over elder brother Robert Curthose , - , Henry I
Henry Beauclerc
5 August 1100
–
1 December 1135
''()'' , Henry1

, September 1068
Selby

Son of William the Conqueror
and Matilda of Flanders , Matilda of Scotland
Westminster Abbey
11 November 1100
2 children

Adeliza of Louvain Adeliza of Louvain, sometimes known in England as Adelicia of Louvain, also called Adela and Aleidis; (c. 1103 – March/April 1151) was Queen of England from 1121 to 1135, as the second wife of King Henry I. She was the daughter of Godfrey I, ...

Windsor Castle
29 January 1121
No children , 1 December 1135
Saint-Denis-en-Lyons
Aged 67 , Son of William I

Seizure of the Crown (from Robert Curthose)

House of Blois

Henry I left no legitimate male heirs, his son William Adelin having died in the '' White Ship'' disaster of 1120. This ended the direct Norman line of kings in England. Henry named his eldest daughter, Matilda (Countess of Anjou by her second marriage to

Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151), called the Handsome, the Fair (french: link=no, le Bel) or Plantagenet, was the count of Anjou, Count of Tours, Touraine and Count of Maine, Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also Duke of Nor ...

, as well as widow of her first husband,

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V (german: Heinrich V.; probably 11 August 1081 or 1086 – 23 May 1125, in Utrecht) was King of Germany (from 1099 to 1125) and Holy Roman Emperor (from 1111 to 1125), as the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. He was made co-ru ...

), as his heir. Before naming Matilda as heir, he had been in negotiations to name his nephew Stephen of Blois as his heir. When Henry died, Stephen travelled to England, and in a coup d'etat had himself crowned instead of Matilda. The period which followed is known as

The Anarchy The Anarchy was a civil war in England and Normandy between 1138 and 1153, which resulted in a widespread breakdown in law and order. The conflict was a war of succession precipitated by the accidental death of William Adelin, the only legiti ...

, as parties supporting each side fought in open warfare both in Britain and on the continent for the better part of two decades. , - , Stephen
Stephen of Blois
22 December 1135
–
25 October 1154
''()'' , Stepan Blois

,
Blois

Son of Stephen II of Blois
and Adela of Normandy , Matilda of Boulogne
Westminster
1125
6 children , 25 October 1154
Dover Castle
Aged about 58 , Grandson of William I

Appointmentusurpation Count Eustace IV of Boulogne (c. 1130 – 17 August 1153) was appointed co-king of England by his father, King Stephen, on 6 April 1152, in order to guarantee his succession to the throne (as was the custom in France, but not in England). The Pope and the Church would not agree to this, and Eustace was not crowned. Eustace died the next year aged 23, during his father's lifetime, and so never became king in his own right.

House of Anjou/Plantagenet

King Stephen came to an agreement with Matilda in November 1153 with the signing of the Treaty of Wallingford, in which Stephen recognised Henry, son of Matilda and her second husband

, as the designated heir. The royal house descended from Matilda and Geoffrey is widely known by two names, the

House of Anjou Angevin or House of Anjou may refer to: * County of Anjou or Duchy of Anjou, a historical county, and later Duchy, in France ** Angevin (language), the traditional langue d'oïl spoken in Anjou ** Counts and Dukes of Anjou *House of Ingelger, a Fra ...

(after Geoffrey's title as Count of Anjou) or the

House of Plantagenet The House of Plantagenet () was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The family held the English throne from 1154 (with the accession of Henry II at the end of the Anarchy) to 1485, when Richard III died in b ...

, after his sobriquet. Some historians prefer to group the subsequent kings into two groups, before and after the loss of the bulk of their French possessions, although they are not different royal houses. The Angevins (from the French term meaning "from Anjou") ruled over the Angevin Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries, an area stretching from the Pyrenees to Ireland. They did not regard England as their primary home until most of their continental domains were lost by

King John King John may refer to: Rulers * John, King of England (1166–1216) * John I of Jerusalem (c. 1170–1237) * John Balliol, King of Scotland (c. 1249–1314) * John I of France (15–20 November 1316) * John II of France (1319–1364) * John I o ...

. The direct, eldest male line from Henry II includes monarchs commonly grouped together as the House of Plantagenet, which was the name given to the dynasty after the loss of most of their continental possessions, while cadet branches of this line became known as the

House of Lancaster The House of Lancaster was a cadet branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. The first house was created when King Henry III of England created the Earldom of Lancasterfrom which the house was namedfor his second son Edmund Crouchback in 126 ...

and the

House of York The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, ...

during the War of the Roses. The Angevins formulated England's royal coat of arms, which usually showed other kingdoms held or claimed by them or their successors, although without representation of Ireland for quite some time. '' Dieu et mon droit'' was first used as a

battle cry A battle cry or war cry is a yell or chant taken up in battle, usually by members of the same combatant group. Battle cries are not necessarily articulate (e.g. "Eulaliaaaa!", "Alala"..), although they often aim to invoke patriotic or religious ...

by Richard I in 1198 at the

Battle of Gisors The Battle of Gisors (27 September 1198) was a skirmish fought in Courcelles-lès-Gisors, Oise, Picardy, part of the ongoing fighting between Richard I of England and Philip Augustus of France that lasted from 1194 to Richard's death in April 11 ...

, when he defeated the forces of Philip II of France. It has generally been used as the motto of English monarchs since being adopted by

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...

. , - , Henry II
Henry Curtmantle
19 December 1154
–
6 July 1189
''()'' , Henry II of England

, 5 March 1133

Le Mans Le Mans (, ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Man ...

Son of Geoffrey V of Anjou
and Matilda , Eleanor of Aquitaine
Bordeaux Cathedral
18 May 1152
8 children , 6 July 1189
Chinon
Aged 56 , Grandson of Henry I

Treaty of Wallingford , - , colspan=99 , Henry II named his son, Henry the Young King (1155–1183), as co-ruler with him but this was a Norman custom of designating an heir, and the younger Henry did not outlive his father and rule in his own right, so he is not counted as a monarch on lists of kings. , - , Richard I
Richard the Lionheart
3 September 1189
–
6 April 1199
''()'' , Richard coeurdelion g

, rowspan=2 , Royal Arms of England (1198-1340)

, 8 September 1157
Beaumont Palace

Son of Henry II
and Eleanor of Aquitaine , Berengaria of Navarre
Limassol
12 May 1191
No children , 6 April 1199

Châlus Châlus (; oc, Chasluç) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. History Richard I, King of England was besieging Châlus in 1199 when Pierre Basile wounded him with a crossbow bolt; ...

Shot by a

quarrel Quarrel may refer to: * A heated disagreement * Crossbow bolt A bolt or quarrel is a dart-like projectile used by crossbows. The name "quarrel" is derived from the French word ''carré'', meaning square, referring to their typically square ...

aged 41 , Son of Henry II

Primogeniture Primogeniture ( ) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relativ ...

, - , John
John Lackland
27 May 1199
–
19 October 1216
''()'' , John of England (John Lackland)

, 24 December 1166
Beaumont Palace

Son of Henry II
and Eleanor of Aquitaine , Isabel of Gloucester
Marlborough Castle
29 August 1189
No children

Isabella of Angoulême
Bordeaux Cathedral
24 August 1200
5 children , 19 October 1216
Newark-on-Trent
Aged 49 , Son of Henry II

Nomination

Proximity of blood

House of Plantagenet

The House of Plantagenet takes its name from

, husband of Empress Matilda and father of Henry II. The name Plantagenet itself was unknown as a family name ''per se'' until Richard of York adopted it as his family name in the 15th century. It has since been retroactively applied to English monarchs from Henry II onward. It is common among modern historians to refer to Henry II and his sons as the "Angevins" due to their vast continental empire, and most of the Angevin kings before John spent more time in their continental possessions than in England. It is from the time of Henry III, after the loss of most of the family's continental possessions, that the Plantagenet kings became more English in nature. The Houses of Lancaster and York are cadet branches of the House of Plantagenet. , - , Henry III
Henry of Winchester
28 October 1216
–
16 November 1272
''()'' , HenryIII

, rowspan=3 , Royal Arms of England (1198-1340)

, 1 October 1207
Winchester Castle

Son of John
and Isabella of Angoulême ,

Eleanor of Provence Eleanor of Provence (c. 1223 – 24/25 June 1291) was a French noblewoman who became Queen of England as the wife of King Henry III from 1236 until his death in 1272. She served as regent of England during the absence of her spouse in 1253. ...

Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the ...

14 January 1236
5 children , 16 November 1272
Westminster Palace
Aged 65 , Son of John

Primogeniture , - ,

Edward I Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassal o ...

Edward Longshanks
20 November 1272
–
7 July 1307
''()'' , Edward I - Westminster Abbey Sedilia

, 17 June 1239

Palace of Westminster The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...

Son of Henry III
and

Eleanor of Castile Eleanor of Castile (1241 – 28 November 1290) was Queen of England as the first wife of Edward I, whom she married as part of a political deal to affirm English sovereignty over Gascony. The marriage was known to be particularly close, and ...

Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas The Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas is a monastery of Cistercian nuns located approximately 1.5 km west of the city of Burgos in Spain. The word ''huelgas'', which usually refers to "labour strikes" in modern Spanish, refers i ...

18 October 1254
16 children

Margaret of France
Canterbury
10 September 1299
3 children , 7 July 1307
Burgh by Sands
Aged 68 , Son of Henry III

Primogeniture , - ,

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to t ...

Edward of Caernarfon
8 July 1307
–
Abdicated 20 January 1327
''()'' , Edward II, King of England (Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson C 292, folio 105r)

, 25 April 1284

Caernarfon Castle Caernarfon Castle ( cy, Castell Caernarfon ) – often anglicised as Carnarvon Castle or Caernarvon Castle – is a medieval fortress in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, north-west Wales cared for by Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environ ...

Son of

and

, Isabella of France
Boulogne Cathedral
24 January 1308
4 children , 21 September 1327
Berkeley Castle
Murdered aged 43 , Son of

Primogeniture , - ,

Edward of Windsor
25 January 1327
–
21 June 1377
''()'' , Edward III of England (Order of the Garter)

, 13 November 1312
Windsor Castle

Son of

and Isabella of France , Philippa of Hainault
York Minster
25 January 1328
14 children , 21 June 1377
Sheen Palace
Aged 64 , Son of

Primogeniture , - ,

Richard II Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father died ...

Richard of Bordeaux
22 June 1377
–
29 September 1399
''()'' , Richard II King of England

, 6 January 1367
Bordeaux

Son of Edward the Black Prince
and Joan of Kent ,

Anne of Bohemia Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394), also known as Anne of Luxembourg, was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II. A member of the House of Luxembourg, she was the eldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and ...

14 January 1382
No children

Isabella of Valois

Calais Calais ( , , traditionally , ) is a port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's prefecture is its third-largest city of Arras. Th ...

4 November 1396
No children , 14 February 1400
Pontefract Castle
Aged 33 , Grandson of

Primogeniture

House of Lancaster

This house descended from Edward III's third surviving son,

John of Gaunt John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. He was the fourth son (third to survive infancy as William of Hatfield died shortly after birth) of King Edward ...

. Henry IV seized power from Richard II (and also displaced the next in line to the throne, Edmund Mortimer (then aged 7), a descendant of Edward III's second son, Lionel of Antwerp). , - , Henry IV
Henry of Bolingbroke
30 September 1399
–
20 March 1413
''()'' , Illumination of Henry IV (cropped)

, April 1367
Bolingbroke Castle

Son of

and Blanche of Lancaster , Mary de Bohun

Arundel Castle Arundel Castle is a restored and remodelled medieval castle in Arundel, West Sussex, England. It was established during the reign of Edward the Confessor and completed by Roger de Montgomery. The castle was damaged in the English Civil War a ...

27 July 1380
6 children

Joanna of Navarre
Winchester Cathedral
7 February 1403
No children , 20 March 1413
Westminster Abbey
Aged 45 , Grandson heir male of

Usurpation , - , Henry V
Henry of Monmouth
21 March 1413
–
31 August 1422
''()'' , Henry5

, 16 September 1386
Monmouth Castle

Son of Henry IV
and Mary de Bohun , Catherine of Valois
Troyes Cathedral
2 June 1420
1 son , 31 August 1422

Château de Vincennes The Château de Vincennes () is a former fortress and royal residence next to the town of Vincennes, on the eastern edge of Paris, alongside the Bois de Vincennes. It was largely built between 1361 and 1369, and was a preferred residence, after ...

Aged 35 , Son of Henry IV

Agnatic primogeniture , - , ''(1st reign)''
Henry VI
1 September 1422
–
4 March 1461
''()'' ,

, 6 December 1421
Windsor Castle

Son of Henry V
and Catherine of Valois ,

Margaret of Anjou Margaret of Anjou (french: link=no, Marguerite; 23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) was Queen of England and nominally Queen of France by marriage to King Henry VI from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. Born in the Duchy of Lorrain ...

Titchfield Abbey
22 April 1445
1 son , 21 May 1471
Tower of London
Allegedly murdered aged 49 , Son of Henry V

Agnatic primogeniture

House of York

The House of York claimed the right to the throne through Edward III's second surviving son, Lionel of Antwerp, but it inherited its name from Edward's fourth surviving son, Edmund of Langley, first

Duke of York Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of English (later British) monarchs. The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Du ...

. The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) saw the throne pass back and forth between the rival houses of Lancaster and York. , - , ''(1st reign)''

Edward IV Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...

4 March 1461
–
3 October 1470
''()'' , EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist

, 28 April 1442

Son of Richard of York
and Cecily Neville ,

Elizabeth Woodville Elizabeth Woodville (also spelt Wydville, Wydeville, or Widvile;Although spelling of the family name is usually modernised to "Woodville", it was spelt "Wydeville" in contemporary publications by Caxton, but her tomb at St. George's Chapel, Wind ...

Grafton Regis
1 May 1464
10 children , 9 April 1483
Westminster Palace
Aged 40 , Great-great-grandson heir general of

Seizure of the Crown

Act of Accord The Act of Accord was an Act of the Parliament of England which was passed on 25 October 1460, three weeks after Richard of York had entered the Council Chamber and laid his hand on the empty throne. Under the Act, King Henry VI of England was to ...

House of Lancaster (restored)

, - , ''( 2nd reign)''
Henry VI
3 October 1470
–
11 April 1471
''()'' ,

, 6 December 1421
Windsor Castle

Son of Henry V
and Catherine of Valois ,

Titchfield Abbey
22 April 1445
1 son , 21 May 1471
Tower of London
Allegedly murdered aged 49 , Son of Henry V

Seizure of the Crown

House of York (restored)

, - , ''(2nd reign)''

11 April 1471
–
9 April 1483
''()'' , EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist

, rowspan=3 , Royal Arms of England (1399-1603)

, 28 April 1442

Son of Richard of York
and Cecily Neville ,

Grafton Regis
1 May 1464
10 children , 9 April 1483
Westminster Palace
Aged 40 , Great-great-grandson heir general of

Seizure of the Crown

, - ,

Edward V Edward V (2 November 1470 – mid-1483)R. F. Walker, "Princes in the Tower", in S. H. Steinberg et al, ''A New Dictionary of British History'', St. Martin's Press, New York, 1963, p. 286. was ''de jure'' King of England and Lord of Ireland fro ...

9 April 1483
–
25 June 1483
''()'' , King Edward V from NPG

, 2 November 1470
Westminster

Son of

and

, Unmarried , Disappeared mid-1483
London
Allegedly murdered aged 12 , Son of

Primogeniture , - ,

Richard III Richard III (2 October 145222 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battl ...

26 June 1483
–
22 August 1485
''()'' , King Richard III from NPG

, 2 October 1452
Fotheringhay Castle

Son of Richard of York
and Cecily Neville , Anne Neville
Westminster Abbey
12 July 1472
1 son , 22 August 1485

Bosworth Field The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 Augu ...

Killed in battle aged 32 , Great-great-grandson of Edward III

'' Titulus Regius''

House of Tudor

The Tudors descended in the female line from John Beaufort, one of the illegitimate children of

(third surviving son of Edward III), by Gaunt's long-term mistress

Katherine Swynford Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster (born Katherine de Roet, – 10 May 1403), also spelled Katharine or Catherine, was the third wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the fourth (but third surviving) son of King Edward III. Daughter o ...

. Those descended from English monarchs only through an illegitimate child would normally have no claim on the throne, but the situation was complicated when Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396 (25 years after John Beaufort's birth). In view of the marriage, the church retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate via a papal bull the same year.Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, ''The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby'', (Cambridge University Press, 1995), 19–20. Parliament did the same in an Act in 1397. A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's legitimate son, King Henry IV, also recognised the Beauforts' legitimacy, but declared them ineligible ever to inherit the throne. Nevertheless, the Beauforts remained closely allied with Gaunt's other descendants, the Royal

. John Beaufort's granddaughter

Lady Margaret Beaufort Lady Margaret Beaufort (usually pronounced: or ; 31 May 1441/43 – 29 June 1509) was a major figure in the Wars of the Roses of the late fifteenth century, and mother of King Henry VII of England, the first Tudor monarch. A descendant of ...

was married to Edmund Tudor. Tudor was the son of Welsh courtier Owain Tudur (anglicised to Owen Tudor) and Catherine of Valois, the widow of the Lancastrian King Henry V. Edmund Tudor and his siblings were either illegitimate, or the product of a secret marriage, and owed their fortunes to the goodwill of their legitimate half-brother

King Henry VI Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne a ...

. When the House of Lancaster fell from power, the Tudors followed. By the late 15th century, the Tudors were the last hope for the Lancaster supporters. Edmund Tudor's son became king as Henry VII after defeating Richard III at the

Battle of Bosworth Field The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 Augu ...

in 1485, winning the Wars of the Roses. King Henry married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, thereby uniting the Lancastrian and York lineages. (See family tree.) , - , Henry VII
22 August 1485
–
21 April 1509
''()'' , Enrique VII de Inglaterra, por un artista anónimo

Enrique VII de Inglaterra, por un artista anónimo

, rowspan=3 , Royal Arms of England (1399-1603)

, 28 January 1457
Pembroke Castle

Son of Edmund Tudor
and Margaret Beaufort , Elizabeth of York
Westminster Abbey
18 January 1486
8 children , 21 April 1509
Richmond Palace
Aged 52 , Great-great-great-grandson of

Right of conquest

Marriage to Elizabeth of York , - ,

Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...

22 April 1509
–
28 January 1547
''()'' , , 28 June 1491
Greenwich Palace

Son of Henry VII
and Elizabeth of York ,

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (also spelt as Katherine, ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. She was previously ...

Greenwich
11 June 1509
1 daughter

Anne Boleyn
Westminster Palace
25 January 1533
1 daughter

Jane Seymour
Whitehall Palace
30 May 1536
1 son

''3 further marriages''
''No more children'' , 28 January 1547
Whitehall Palace
Aged 55 , Son of Henry VII

, - , Edward VI
28 January 1547
–
6 July 1553
''()'' , Circle of William Scrots Edward VI of England

, 12 October 1537

Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chie ...

Son of

and Jane Seymour , Unmarried , 6 July 1553
Greenwich Palace
Aged 15 , Son of

Primogeniture , - , Mary I
Bloody Mary
19 July 1553
–
17 November 1558
''()'' , Anthonis Mor 001

, rowspan=2 , Royal Arms of England (1554-1558)

, 18 February 1516
Greenwich Palace

Daughter of

and

Philip II of Spain Philip II) in Spain, while in Portugal and his Italian kingdoms he ruled as Philip I ( pt, Filipe I). (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent ( es, Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from ...

Winchester Cathedral
25 July 1554
No children , 17 November 1558

St James's Palace St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The palace gives its name to the Court of St James's, which is the monarch's royal court, and is located in the City of Westminster in London. Altho ...

Aged 42 , Daughter of

Third Succession Act , - , ''(

Jure uxoris ''Jure uxoris'' (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife"), citing . describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title ''suo jure'' ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could becom ...

)''

Philip Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...

Philip the Prudent
25 July 1554
–
17 November 1558
''()'' , , 21 May 1527
Valladolid

Son of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire
and

Isabella of Portugal Isabella of Portugal (24 October 1503 – 1 May 1539) was the empress consort and queen consort of her cousin Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria, and Duke of Burgundy. She was Queen of Spain and Germany, and La ...

Mary I of England Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain from January 1556 until her death in 1558. Sh ...

Winchester Cathedral
25 July 1554
No children

''3 other marriages
7 children'' , 13 September 1598
El Escorial
Aged 71 , Husband of Mary I

Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain , - , colspan=99 align=left , Under the terms of the marriage treaty between Philip I of Naples (later Philip II of Spain from 15 January 1556) and Queen Mary I, Philip was to enjoy Mary's titles and honours for as long as their marriage should last. All official documents, including Acts of Parliament, were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple. An Act of Parliament gave him the title of king and stated that he "shall aid her Highness ... in the happy administration of her Grace's realms and dominions" (although elsewhere the Act stated that Mary was to be "sole queen"). Nonetheless, Philip was to co-reign with his wife. , - , Elizabeth I
The Virgin Queen
17 November 1558
–
24 March 1603
''()''
, Elizabeth I Rainbow Portrait3

, 7 September 1533
Greenwich Palace

Daughter of

and Anne Boleyn , Unmarried , 24 March 1603
Richmond Palace
Aged 69 , Daughter of

Third Succession Act

House of Stuart

Elizabeth's cousin, King James VI of Scotland, succeeded to the English throne as James I in the Union of the Crowns. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII and wife of

James IV of Scotland James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 until his death at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. He inherited the throne at the age of fifteen on the death of his father, James III, at the Battle of Sauchi ...

. In 1604, he adopted the title ''King of Great Britain''. However, the two parliaments remained separate until the

Acts of Union 1707 The Acts of Union ( gd, Achd an Aonaidh) were two Acts of Parliament: the Union with Scotland Act 1706 passed by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act 1707 passed by the Parliament of Scotland. They put into effect the te ...

. , - , James I
24 March 1603
–
27 March 1625
''()'' , JamesIEngland

, rowspan=2 , Royal Arms of England (1603-1707)

, 19 June 1566

Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock (Edinburgh), Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age, although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. ...

Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley , Anne of Denmark
Oslo
23 November 1589
7 children , 27 March 1625
Theobalds House
Aged 58 , Great-great-grandson heir general of Henry VII , - , Charles I
27 March 1625
–
30 January 1649
''()'' , King Charles I after original by van Dyck

King Charles I after original by van Dyck

, 19 November 1600
Dunfermline Palace

Son of James I
and Anne of Denmark , Henrietta Maria of France

St Augustine's Abbey St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Canterbury, Kent, England. The abbey was founded in 598 and functioned as a monastery until its dissolution in 1538 during the English Reformation. After the abbey's dissolution, it underwent ...

13 June 1625
9 children , 30 January 1649
Whitehall Palace
Executed aged 48 , Son of James I

Cognatic primogeniture

First Interregnum

No monarch reigned after the 1649 execution of Charles I. Between 1649 and 1653, there was no single English head of state, as England was ruled directly by the Rump Parliament with the English Council of State acting as executive power during a period known as the Commonwealth of England. After a coup d'etat in 1653, Oliver Cromwell forcibly took control of England from Parliament. He dissolved the Rump Parliament at the head of a military force and England entered The Protectorate period, under Cromwell's direct control with the title

Lord Protector Lord Protector (plural: ''Lords Protector'') was a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes ...

. It was within the power of the Lord Protector to choose his heir and Oliver Cromwell chose his eldest son, Richard Cromwell, to succeed him. , - , Oliver Cromwell
16 December 1653
–
3 September 1658
''()'' , Oliver Cromwell by Robert Walker

, rowspan=2 , Arms of the Protectorate (1653–1659)

, 25 April 1599
Huntingdon

Son of

Robert Cromwell The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

and

Elizabeth Steward Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sch ...

, Elizabeth Bourchier
St Giles
22 August 1620
9 children , 3 September 1658
Whitehall
Aged 59 , - , Richard Cromwell
3 September 1658
–
7 May 1659
''()'' , Richard Cromwell (1626-1712), by Gerard Soest

Richard Cromwell (1626-1712), by Gerard Soest

, 4 October 1626
Huntingdon

Son of Oliver Cromwell
and Elizabeth Bourchier ,

Dorothy Maijor Dorothy Cromwell (; c.1620 – 5 January 1675) was the wife of the second Lord Protector, Richard Cromwell, who succeeded to the post in 1659 following the death of his father, Oliver Cromwell. Life Dorothy or Dorothea Maijor was the daug ...

May 1649
9 children , 12 July 1712
Cheshunt
Aged 85 Richard Cromwell was forcibly removed by the English Committee of Safety in May 1659. England again lacked any single head of state. After almost a year of anarchy, the monarchy was formally restored when Charles II returned from France to accept the throne.

House of Stuart (restored)

The Monarchy was restored under the rule of Charles II. , - , Charles II
29 May 1660
–
6 February 1685
''()'' , King Charles II by John Michael Wright or studio

, rowspan=2 , Royal Arms of England (1603-1707)

, 29 May 1630

Son of Charles I
and Henrietta Maria of France , Catherine of Braganza
Portsmouth
21 May 1662
No children , 6 February 1685
Whitehall Palace
Aged 54 , Son of Charles I

Cognatic primogeniture

English Restoration , - ,

James II James II may refer to: * James II of Avesnes (died c. 1205), knight of the Fourth Crusade * James II of Majorca (died 1311), Lord of Montpellier * James II of Aragon (1267–1327), King of Sicily * James II, Count of La Marche (1370–1438), King C ...

6 February 1685
–
23 December 1688
''( Overthrown after )'' , James II by Peter Lely

, 14 October 1633
St James's Palace

Son of Charles I
and Henrietta Maria of France , Anne Hyde
The Strand
3 September 1660
8 children

Mary of Modena Mary of Modena ( it, Maria Beatrice Eleonora Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; ) was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland as the second wife of James II and VII. A devout Roman Catholic, Mary married the widower James, who was then the young ...

Dover Dover () is a town and major ferry port in Kent, South East England. It faces France across the Strait of Dover, the narrowest part of the English Channel at from Cap Gris Nez in France. It lies south-east of Canterbury and east of Maidstone ...

21 November 1673
7 children , 16 September 1701

Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye () is a former royal palace in the commune of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, in the ''département'' of Yvelines, about 19 km west of Paris, France. Today, it houses the ''musée d'Archéologie nationale'' (Nati ...

Aged 67 , Son of Charles I

Cognatic primogeniture

Second Interregnum 1688-1689

James II was ousted by Parliament less than four years after ascending to the throne, beginning the century's second interregnum. To settle the question of who should replace the deposed monarch, a Convention Parliament elected James' daughter

Mary II Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife ...

and her husband (also his nephew)

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg ...

co-monarchs, in the

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution; gd, Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; cy, Chwyldro Gogoneddus , also known as the ''Glorieuze Overtocht'' or ''Glorious Crossing'' in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and ...

Houses of Stuart and Orange

, - ,

13 February 1689
–
28 December 1694
''()'' , Mary II - Kneller 1690

, 30 April 1662
St James's Palace

Daughter of

and Anne Hyde , William III of England
St James's Palace
4 November 1677
No children , 28 December 1694
Kensington Palace
Aged 32 , Daughter of

Offered the Crown by Parliament , - ,

William of Orange
13 February 1689
–
8 March 1702
''()'' , King William III of England

, 4 November 1650
The Hague

Son of William II of Orange
and Mary of England ,

Mary II of England Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England, List of Scottish monarchs, Scotland, and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III of England, William III & II, from 1689 unt ...

4 November 1677
No children , 8 March 1702

Kensington Palace Kensington Palace is a royal residence set in Kensington Gardens, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has been a residence of the British royal family since the 17th century, and is currently the official L ...

Aged 51 , Grandson of Charles I

Offered the Crown by Parliament , - , Anne
8 March 1702
–
1 May 1707
''()''

' , Closterman, John - Queen Anne - NPG 215

, 6 February 1665
St James's Palace

Daughter of James II
and Anne Hyde , George of Denmark
St James's Palace
28 July 1683
3 children , 1 August 1714
Kensington Palace
Aged 49 , Daughter of James II

Cognatic primogeniture

Bill of Rights 1689 While James and his descendants continued to claim the throne, all Catholics (such as James and his son

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*k ...

) were barred from the throne by the

Act of Settlement 1701 The Act of Settlement is an Act of the Parliament of England that settled the succession to the English and Irish crowns to only Protestants, which passed in 1701. More specifically, anyone who became a Roman Catholic, or who married one, bec ...

, enacted by Anne, another of James's Protestant daughters. With the

, England as a sovereign state ceased to exist, replaced by the new Kingdom of Great Britain, see List of British monarchs.

Acts of Union

The

were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into effect the Treaty of Union agreed on 22 July 1706. The acts joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland (previously separate sovereign states, with separate legislatures but with the same monarch) into the Kingdom of Great Britain. England, Scotland, and Ireland had shared a monarch for more than a hundred years, since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when King James VI of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones from his first cousin twice removed, Queen Elizabeth I. Although described as a Union of Crowns, until 1707 there were in fact two separate crowns resting on the same head. There had been attempts in 1606, 1667, and 1689, to unite England and Scotland by Acts of Parliament but it was not until the early 18th century that the idea had the support of both political establishments behind it, albeit for rather different reasons.

Timeline

Titles

The standard title for all monarchs from Æthelstan until the time of

was ("King of the English"). In addition, many of the pre-Norman kings assumed extra titles, as follows: * Æthelstan: ("King of the Whole of Britain") * Edmund the Magnificent: ("King of Britain") and ("King of the English and of other peoples governor and director") * Eadred: ("Reigning over the governments of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons, Northumbrians, Pagans, and British") *

Eadwig the Fair Eadwig (also Edwy or Eadwig All-Fair, 1 October 959) was King of England from 23 November 955 until his death in 959. He was the elder son of Edmund I and his first wife Ælfgifu, who died in 944. Eadwig and his brother Edgar were young ...

: ("King by the will of God, Emperor of the Anglo-Saxons and Northumbrians, governor of the pagans, commander of the British") * Edgar the Peaceful: ("King of all Albion and its neighbouring realms") * Cnut the Great: ("King of the English and of all the British sphere governor and ruler") and ("Monarch of all the English of Britain") In the Norman period remained standard, with occasional use of ("King of England"). The

Empress Matilda Empress Matilda ( 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as ...

styled herself ("Lady of the English"). From the time of

onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of or . In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) ''King of Great Britain''. The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707 under Queen Anne (who was ''Queen of Great Britain'' rather than king).

Explanatory notes

Coronations

Burials

References

Citations

General sources

* *

External links

* {{English, Scottish and British monarchs * 927 establishments Monarchs English

House of Wessex

House of Denmark

House of Wessex (restored, first time)

House of Denmark (restored)

House of Wessex (restored, second time)

House of Godwin

House of Normandy

House of Blois

House of Anjou/Plantagenet

House of Plantagenet

House of Lancaster

House of York

House of Lancaster (restored)

House of York (restored)

House of Tudor

House of Stuart

First Interregnum

House of Stuart (restored)

Second Interregnum 1688-1689

Houses of Stuart and Orange

Acts of Union

Timeline

Titles

See also

Explanatory notes

Coronations

Burials

References

Citations

General sources

External links