The Kingdom of Tallo was one of the two kingdoms of

Makassar Makassar (, mak, ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, Mangkasara’, ) is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Med ...

South Sulawesi South Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Selatan) is a province in the southern peninsula of Sulawesi. The Selayar Islands archipelago to the south of Sulawesi is also part of the province. The capital is Makassar. The province is bordered by Central Sula ...

from the 15th century to 1856. The state stood in a close political relation to the

Sultanate of Gowa The Sultanate of Gowa (sometimes written as ''Goa''; not to be confused with Goa in India) was one of the great kingdoms in the history of Indonesia and the most successful kingdom in the South Sulawesi region. People of this kingdom come fro ...

. After the

Islamization Islamization, Islamicization, or Islamification ( ar, أسلمة, translit=aslamāh), refers to the process through which a society shifts towards the religion of Islam and becomes largely Muslim. Societal Islamization has historically occur ...

of the Gowa and Tallo kingdoms in the early 17th century, they were usually collectively known as the Makassar Kingdom.

Early history

The Kingdom of Tallo dates from the mid-15th century. When the 6th King of Gowa, Tunatangka'lopi, died, he was succeeded as the 7th King of Gowa by his eldest son Batara Gowa Tuminanga ri Paralakkenna, while his brother Karaeng Loe ri Sero ruled part of the region as the first King of Tallo. The Kingdom of Tallo region included Saumata, Pannampu, Moncong Loe, and Parang Loe. The two kingdoms of Tallo and Gowa subsequently engaged each other in combat and competition, until Tallo was defeated. During the reign of the 10th King of Gowa, Tunipalangga Ulaweng, and the 4th King of Tallo, Daeng Padulu (c. 1540-1576), an agreement was reached. This was known as ''Rua karaeng se're ata'' (two

king King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

s but one people). The agreement regulated the fellowship so that the King of Gowa became ''Sombaya'' (highest king) while the King of Tallo became the 'blind Speaker' of the fellowship of the two kingdoms. Since then, the Kingdom of Tallo was always involved in and supported the expansion of the

and beyond. The elite of the kingdom accepted Islam in 1605, and strove to disseminate the creed in different directions in the

Indonesian Archipelago The islands of Indonesia, also known as the Indonesian Archipelago ( id, Kepulauan Indonesia) or Nusantara, may refer either to the islands comprising the country of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands. History ...

Later history

Among the prominent Tallo rulers was Karaeng Matoaya (1593-1623) and his son Karaeng Pattingalloang (1641-1654), who were educated individuals and reliable

prime ministers A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

, and brought the

Kingdom to its peak of power. During this period Makassarese power encompassed most of Sulawesi,

East Kalimantan East Kalimantan (Indonesian: ) is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census (within the current boundary), 3.42 million at the 2015 census, and 3. ...

Lombok Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east. It is rou ...

Sumbawa Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. Along with Lombok, it forms the province of West Nusa Tenggara, but there ...

, and some parts of Maluku and

Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western p ...

. However, the expansion inevitably led to conflicts with the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...

based on

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

. At the time when Harunarrasyid was King of Tallo (1654-1673) and

Hasanuddin Maulana Hasanuddin (also spelled Hasanuddin) was a ruler of the Banten Sultanate from c. 1552 to 1570. Hasanuddin was a Azmatkhani Ba 'Alawi Sayyid, the son of Sunan Gunungjati and Nyai Ratu Kawunganten. He extended the domains of Banten to t ...

ruled Gowa, a major war broke out. The Dutch force was supported by

Arung Palakka Arung Palakka, or La Tenritatta to Unru' (1634 or 16351696) was a 17th-century Bugis prince and warrior. He supported the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Makassar War (1666–1669) against the Gowa Sultanate in his native South Sulawesi (to ...

, a prince from Bone. Makassar was defeated in 1667 and 1669 and formally lost its far-flung empire. The ensuing

Treaty of Bongaya {{Use mdy dates, date=April 2012 The Treaty of Bongaya (also spelled Bongaja) was signed on November 18, 1667 between Sultan Hasanudin of Sultanate of Gowa, Gowa and the Dutch East India Company (VOC). This treaty was developed after Dutch imperial ...

regulated political affairs in the region, and ensured the presence of the Dutch in South Sulawesi. The frustrated Harunarrasyid went over with a fleet to Sumbawa and died there in 1673. In the following decades several Tallo princes led restless lives as overseas sea migrants, often turning to piracy and raiding. The Tallo homeland existed as a separate state under Dutch suzerainty until 1856 when the 23rd and last king, La Makkarumpa Daeng Parani, had to step down. Although Tallo was now placed directly under the colonial government, the territory kept a sense of own identity, even after the winning of

Indonesian Independence The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ( id, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of t ...

in 1949. In the present time, Karaeng H Andi Abdul Rauf Maro Daeng Marewa, also known as Karaeng Rewa, is the traditional society

leader Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The word "leadership" often gets vi ...

List of rulers

Taniputera, Ivan (2013), ''Kerajaan-kerajaan Nusantara pascakeruntuhan Majapahit: Hikayat dan sejarahnya''. CV. Gloria Group, pp. 977-82. * Karaeng Loe ri Sero’ mid-15th century * Tunilabu ri Suriwa (son) c. 1500 * Tunipasuru’ (son) ?-c. 1540/43 * I Daeng Padulu (son) 1540/43-1576 * I Sambo (daughter) 1576-90 * Tunipasulu’ (son) 1590-1593 * Karaeng Matowaya, Abdullah (uncle) 1593-1623 * Karaeng Kanjilo, Muzaffar (son) 1623-1641 * Karaeng Patingalloang (brother) 1641-1654 * Harunarrasyid (son of Karaeng Kanjilo) 1654-1673 * Abdul Qadir Mappajanji (son) 1673-1709 * Sirajuddin Mappaurangi (son) 1709-1714 * Najmuddin I Manrabia (son) 1714-1729 * Sirajuddin Mappaurangi (second time) 1729-1739 * Safiuddin Karaeng Limpangang (son) 1739-1760 * Tu Timoka (grandson of Najmuddin) 1760-1761 * Abdul Qadir Karaeng Majannang (grandson of Karaeng Patingalloang) 1761-67 * Sitti Saleh I (queen, from Taeng) 1767-1777 * ''interregnum 1777-1814'' * Sitti Saleh II (daughter of Safiuddin) 1814-1824 * Abdul Rauf Karaeng Limbangparang (brother) 1824-1825 * I Kumala Abdul Kadir (son) 1825 * La Odanriu Karaeng Katangka (uncle) 1825-1845 * Aisyah (sister) 1845-1850 * La Makkarumpa Daeng Parani (grandson of La Odanriu) 1850-1856

References

{{Reflist

External links

* http://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/siteregnas/public/objek/detailcb/PO2016021000126/Kompleks-Makam-Raja-Tallo History of Sulawesi