Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
, in present-day northern
Shandong
Shandong ( , ; ; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region.
Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilizati ...
and southern
Hebei
Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, an ...
.
The kingdom was first established on the lands of Qi in 178 BC for
Liu Xingju Liu Xingju (劉興居) (died 177 BC) was an important political figure during the Lü Clan Disturbance (180 BC). He was the grandson of Emperor Gao of Han and one of the sons of Liu Fei, the Prince of Qi.
In 182 BC, Grand Empress Dowager Lü cre ...
, son of
Liu Fei, Prince of Qi
Liu Fei (), formally King Daohui of Qi (; died 189 BC) was the eldest son of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han, and Consort Cao—initially his mistress. After Liu Bang decisively defeated Xiang Yu in the Battle of Gaixia in 202 BC, he proclaimed h ...
, King of Qi. In 177 BC, Xingju committed suicide after a failed attempt of rebellion, and Jibei was merged back to Qi. In 164 BC, Jibei again became a kingdom under Liu Zhi (劉志), another son of Fei. After the
Rebellion of the Seven States
The Rebellion of the Seven States or Revolt of the Seven Kingdoms () took place in 154 BC against the Han dynasty of China by its regional semi-autonomous kings, to resist the emperor's attempt to centralize the government further.
Background
...
, Zhi was stripped of his fief, and part of Jibei was transferred to Liu Bo (劉勃), a former Prince of Hengshan (衡山) and son of Liu Chang (劉長),
Prince of Huainan
Huainan Kingdom was a kingdom of China's Han dynasty, located in what is now parts of Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces.
History
The title "King (or Prince) of Huainan" was first created in 202BC by Liu Bang, King of Han, for Ying Bu, the forme ...
(淮南), while the rest was separated to become
Pingyuan Commandery
Pingyuan Commandery ( zh, 平原郡) was a historical commandery of China, existing from Han dynasty to Tang dynasty. It was centered around present-day northwestern Shandong province.
The commandery was carved out of the Jibei Kingdom during Emp ...
. Bo and his descendants held Jibei until 86 BC. Afterwards, the kingdom was abolished and merged into
Taishan Commandery Taishan Commandery ( zh, 泰山郡) was a historical commandery of China in present-day Shandong province, existing from Han dynasty to Sui dynasty.
Taishan Commandery was created in 122 BC, when the king of Jibei offered the land surrounding Mount ...
.
Jibei Kingdom was established for a second time in 90 AD, and granted to Liu Shou (劉壽), son of Emperor Zhang. The kingdom lasted to the end of Eastern Han. Jibei was subsequently converted to a
commandery
In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived.Anthony Luttrell and G ...
, though it would again become the fief of various imperial princes during
Western Jin
Western may refer to:
Places
*Western, Nebraska, a village in the US
*Western, New York, a town in the US
*Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western world, countries that id ...
dynasties. In 140 AD, the kingdom consisted of 5 counties, Lu (盧), Sheqiu (蛇丘), Gang (剛), Cheng (成) and Chiping (茌平). The population was 235,897, or 45,689 households.''
Book of Later Han
The ''Book of the Later Han'', also known as the ''History of the Later Han'' and by its Chinese name ''Hou Hanshu'' (), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later ...
'', Chapter 111.
Kings of Jibei
*
Liu Xingju Liu Xingju (劉興居) (died 177 BC) was an important political figure during the Lü Clan Disturbance (180 BC). He was the grandson of Emperor Gao of Han and one of the sons of Liu Fei, the Prince of Qi.
In 182 BC, Grand Empress Dowager Lü cre ...
, 178–177 BC;
* Liu Zhi (志), 164–154 BC;
* Liu Bo (勃), King Zhen (貞) of Jibei, 154–152 BC;
* Liu Hu (胡), King Cheng (成) of Jibei, 151–97 BC;
* Liu Kuan (寬), 97–86 BC;
* Liu Shou (壽), King Hui (惠) of Jibei, 90–121;
* Liu Deng (登), King Jie (節) of Jibei, 121–136;
* Liu Duo (多), King Ai (哀) of Jibei, 136–139;
* Liu Anguo (安國), King Li (釐) of Jibei, 139–146;
* Liu Ci (次), King Xiao (孝) of Jibei, 146–163;
* Liu Luan (鸞), 163–198;
* Liu Zheng (政), 198–206;
* Liu Miao (邈), 212–220.