Deheubarth (; lit. "Right-hand Part", thus "the South") was a regional name for the
realms
A realm is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules. The term is commonly used to describe a monarchical or dynastic state. A realm may also be a subdivision within an empire, if it has its own monarch, e.g. the German Empire.
Etym ...
of south
Wales
Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...
, particularly as opposed to
Gwynedd
Gwynedd (; ) is a county and preserved county (latter with differing boundaries; includes the Isle of Anglesey) in the north-west of Wales. It shares borders with Powys, Conwy County Borough, Denbighshire, Anglesey over the Menai Strait, and C ...
(Latin: ''Venedotia''). It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under the
House of Dinefwr
The Royal House of Dinefwr was a cadet branch of the Royal House of Gwynedd, founded by King Cadell ap Rhodri (reign 872–909), son of Rhodri the Great. Their ancestor, Cunedda Wledig, born in late Roman Britain, was a Sub-Roman warlord who ...
, but that Deheubarth itself was not considered a proper kingdom on the model of Gwynedd,
Powys
Powys (; ) is a Local government in Wales#Principal areas, county and Preserved counties of Wales, preserved county in Wales. It is named after the Kingdom of Powys which was a Welsh succession of states, successor state, petty kingdom and princi ...
, or
Dyfed
Dyfed () is a preserved county in southwestern Wales. It is a mostly rural area with a coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel.
Between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was also the name of the area's county council and the name remains in use f ...
is shown by its rendering in
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
as ''dextralis pars'' or as ''Britonnes dexterales'' ("the Southern Britons") and not as a named land. In the oldest British writers, ''Deheubarth'' was used for ''all'' of modern Wales to distinguish it from ''
Hen Ogledd
Yr Hen Ogledd (), in English the Old North, is the historical region which is now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands that was inhabited by the Brittonic people of sub-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages. Its population spo ...
'' (''
Y Gogledd
Yr Hen Ogledd (), in English the Old North, is the historical region which is now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands that was inhabited by the Brittonic people of sub-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages. Its population sp ...
''), the northern lands whence
Cunedda
Cunedda ap Edern, also called Cunedda ''Wledig'' ( 5th century), was an important early Welsh people, Welsh leader, and the progenitor of the Royal dynasty of Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd, one of the very oldest of western Europe.
Name
The n ...
and the
Cymry
The Welsh ( cy, Cymry) are an ethnic group native to Wales. "Welsh people" applies to those who were born in Wales ( cy, Cymru) and to those who have Welsh ancestry, perceiving themselves or being perceived as sharing a cultural heritage and sh ...
originated.
History
![The south view of Denefawr-Castle, in the county of Caermarthen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/The_south_view_of_Denefawr-Castle%2C_in_the_county_of_Caermarthen.jpeg)
Deheubarth was united around 920 by
Hywel Dda
Hywel Dda, sometimes anglicised as Howel the Good, or Hywel ap Cadell (died 949/950) was a king of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubarth ...
out of the territories of
Seisyllwg
Seisyllwg () was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales.Davies, p. 85 It is unclear when it emerged as a distinct unit, but according to later sources it consisted of the former Kingdom of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi. Thus it covere ...
and
Dyfed
Dyfed () is a preserved county in southwestern Wales. It is a mostly rural area with a coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel.
Between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was also the name of the area's county council and the name remains in use f ...
, which had come into his possession. Later on, the
Kingdom of Brycheiniog
Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages. It often acted as a buffer state between England to the east and the south Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth to the west. It was conquered and pacified by the Normans be ...
was also added.
Caerleon
Caerleon (; cy, Caerllion) is a town and community in Newport, Wales. Situated on the River Usk, it lies northeast of Newport city centre, and southeast of Cwmbran. Caerleon is of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman ...
was previously the principal court of the area, but Hywel's dynasty fortified and built up a new base at
Dinefwr, near
Llandeilo
Llandeilo () is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales, situated at the crossing of the River Towy by the A483 on a 19th-century stone bridge. Its population was 1,795 at the 2011 Census. It is adjacent to the westernmost point of the B ...
, giving them their name.
After the high-water mark set by Hywel, Dinefwr was repeatedly overrun. First, by the Welsh of the north and east: by
Llywelyn ap Seisyll
Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was an 11th-century King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth.
Llywelyn was the son of Seisyll, a man of whom little is known. Llewelyn first appears on record in 1018, the year he defeated and killed Aeddan ap Blegyw ...
of Gwynedd in 1018; by
Rhydderch ab Iestyn Rhydderch ap Iestyn (died 1033) was king of Gwent and Morgannwg in south Wales and later took over the kingdom of Deheubarth and controlled Powys.
Comparatively little has been recorded about Rhydderch ab Iestyn in the annals. He appears to have o ...
of
Morgannwg
Morgannwg was a medieval Welsh kingdom formed via the merger of the kingdoms of the Kingdom of Glywysing and the Kingdom of Gwent.
Formation of Morgannwg
First under King Morgan the Generous (fl. ) until the end of the reign of his descendant I ...
in 1023; by
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn ( 5 August 1063) was King of Wales from 1055 to 1063. He had previously been King of Gwynedd and Powys in 1039. He was the son of King Llywelyn ap Seisyll and Angharad daughter of Maredudd ab Owain, and the great-gre ...
of Gwynedd in 1041 and 1043. In 1075,
Rhys ab Owain
Rhys ab Owain (died 1078) was a king of Deheubarth in southern Wales.
Rhys was the son of Owain ab Edwin of the line of Hywel Dda, and member of the Dinefwr dynasty. He followed his brother Maredudd as king of Deheubarth in 1072. Together with ...
and the noblemen of
Ystrad Tywi
Ystrad Tywi (, ''Valley of the Tywi'') is a region of southwest Wales situated on the banks of the River Tywi and possibly the River Loughor. Although Ystrad Tywi was never a kingdom itself, it was historically a valuable territory and was fough ...
succeeded in treacherously killing their English-backed overlord
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn ( owl, Bledẏnt uab Kẏnỽẏn; AD 1075), sometimes spelled Blethyn, was an 11th-century list of rulers of Wales, Welsh king. Harold Godwinson and Tostig Godwinson installed him and his brother, Rhiwallon ap Cynf ...
. Although Rhys was quickly overrun by Gwynedd and
Gwent, his cousin
Rhys ap Tewdwr
Rhys ap Tewdwr (c. 1040 – 1093) was a king of Deheubarth in Wales and member of the Dinefwr dynasty, a branch descended from Rhodri the Great. He was born in the area which is now Carmarthenshire and died at the battle of Brecon in April 10 ...
through his marriage into Bleddyn's family and through battle reestablished his dynasty's hegemony over south Wales just in time for the second wave of conquest: a prolonged
Norman invasion
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, Duchy of Brittany, Breton, County of Flanders, Flemish, and Kingdom of France, French troops, ...
under the
Marcher Lords
A Marcher lord () was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.
A Marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire) or a marquis (in Fra ...
. In 1093, Rhys was killed in unknown circumstances while resisting their expansion into
Brycheiniog
Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages. It often acted as a buffer state between England to the east and the south Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth to the west. It was conquered and pacified by the Normans be ...
and his son
Gruffydd was briefly thrown into exile.
Following the death of
Henry I Henry I may refer to:
876–1366
* Henry I the Fowler, King of Germany (876–936)
* Henry I, Duke of Bavaria (died 955)
* Henry I of Austria, Margrave of Austria (died 1018)
* Henry I of France (1008–1060)
* Henry I the Long, Margrave of the No ...
, in 1136 Gruffydd formed an alliance with
Gwynedd
Gwynedd (; ) is a county and preserved county (latter with differing boundaries; includes the Isle of Anglesey) in the north-west of Wales. It shares borders with Powys, Conwy County Borough, Denbighshire, Anglesey over the Menai Strait, and C ...
for the purpose of a revolt against Norman incursions. He took part in
Owain Gwynedd
Owain ap Gruffudd ( 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan. He was called Owain the Great ( cy, Owain Fawr) and the first to be ...
and
Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd
Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd (c. 1100 – 1172) was the third son of Gruffudd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd, and brother of Owain Gwynedd.
Appearance in history
Cadwaladr first appears in the historical record in 1136, when following the killing of the lo ...
's victory over the English at
Crug Mawr
Crug Mawr is a hill in the Black Mountains in the Brecon Beacons National Park in southern Powys, Wales. Its summit at a height of 550 m (1,805 ft) is marked by a trig point. The peak sits high above the valleys of the Grwyne Fawr an ...
. The newly liberated region of
Ceredigion
Ceredigion ( , , ) is a county in the west of Wales, corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire. During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom. It has been administered as a county since 1282. Cere ...
, though, was not returned to his family but annexed by Owain.
The long and capable rule of Gruffydd's son the
Lord Rhys
Rhys ap Gruffydd, commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys'' (c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197 and native Prince of Wales.
It was believed that he ...
and the civil wars that followed Owain's death in Gwynedd briefly permitted the South to reassert the hegemony Hywel Dda had enjoyed two centuries before. On his death in 1197, though, Rhys redivided his kingdom among his several sons and none of them ever again rivalled his power. By the time
Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great ( cy, Llywelyn Fawr, ; full name Llywelyn mab Iorwerth; c. 117311 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually " Prince of the Welsh" (in 1228) and "Prince of Wales" (in 1240). By a combination of war and d ...
won the wars in Gwynedd, in the first half of the 12th century, lords in Deheubarth merely appear among his clients.
Following the
conquest of Wales by Edward I
The conquest of Wales by Edward I took place between 1277 and 1283. It is sometimes referred to as the Edwardian Conquest of Wales,Examples of historians using the term include Professor J. E. Lloyd, regarded as the founder of the modern academi ...
, the South was divided into the
historic counties of
Cardiganshire
Ceredigion ( , , ) is a county in the west of Wales, corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire. During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom. It has been administered as a county since 1282. Cere ...
,
Carmarthenshire
Carmarthenshire ( cy, Sir Gaerfyrddin; or informally ') is a county in the south-west of Wales. The three largest towns are Llanelli, Carmarthen and Ammanford. Carmarthen is the county town and administrative centre. The county is known as ...
and
Pembrokeshire
Pembrokeshire ( ; cy, Sir Benfro ) is a Local government in Wales#Principal areas, county in the South West Wales, south-west of Wales. It is bordered by Carmarthenshire to the east, Ceredigion to the northeast, and the rest by sea. The count ...
by the
Statute of Rhuddlan
The Statute of Rhuddlan (12 Edw 1 cc.1–14; cy, Statud Rhuddlan ), also known as the Statutes of Wales ( la, Statuta Valliae) or as the Statute of Wales ( la, Statutum Valliae, links=no), provided the constitutional basis for the government of ...
.
Religion
In the arena of the church,
Sulien
Sulien was an 11th-century Bishop of St David's, for two periods (1073-1078 and 1079/80-1085/6). He died about 1090/1.
Sulien is closely associated with the '' clas'' church at Llanbadarn Fawr near Aberystwyth where it appears that he took refuge ...
was the leader of the monastic community at
Llanbadarn Fawr in Ceredigion. Born ca. 1030, he became
Bishop of St David's
The Bishop of St Davids is the Ordinary (officer), ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of St Davids.
The succession of bishops stretches back to Saint David who in the 6th century established his seat in what is today the St Davids, city of ...
in 1073 and again in 1079/80. Both of his sons followed him into the service of the church. At this time the prohibition against the marriage of clerics was not yet established. His sons produced a number of manuscripts and original Latin and vernacular poems. They were very active in the ecclesiastical and political life of Deheubarth. One son, Rhygyfarch (Latin: ''Ricemarchus'') of Llanbadarn Fawr, wrote the ''Life of
Saint David
Saint David ( cy, Dewi Sant; la, Davidus; ) was a Welsh bishop of Mynyw (now St Davids) during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales. David was a native of Wales, and tradition has preserved a relatively large amount of detail ab ...
'' and another, Ieuan, was a skilful scribe and illuminator. He copied some the works of
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo ( , ; la, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Af ...
and may have written the ''Life of St. Padarn''.
List of rulers
The kingdom of Deheubarth was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Ceredigion, Seisyllwg and Dyfed. Ceredigion was absorbed into Seisyllwg and Dyfed was merged with Seisyllwg to form Deheubarth in 909.
Ceredigion
*
Ceredig ap Cunedda (424–453)
[A history of Wales][Encyclopaedia of Wales]
* Usai (453–490)
* Serwyl (490–525)
* Boddw (525–560)
* Arthfoddw (560–595)
* Arthlwys (595–630)
* Clydog I (630–665)
Dyfed
*
Anwn Ddu (Welsh rendering of ''Antonius the Black''). According to Welsh legend, born in Greece, and later appointed to the rule of
Demetia (Dyfed) by
Magnus Maximus
Magnus Maximus (; cy, Macsen Wledig ; died 8 August 388) was Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 383 to 388. He usurped the throne from emperor Gratian in 383 through negotiation with emperor Theodosius I.
He was made emperor in B ...
. Also known as Anwn Dynod (rendering ''Antonius Donatus''). Realm included Gwent and
Brycheiniog
Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages. It often acted as a buffer state between England to the east and the south Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth to the west. It was conquered and pacified by the Normans be ...
.
*
Ednyfed - realm also included the Caer-Went part of Gwent (his brother received the remainder)
*
Clotri
*
Triffyn Farfog
Triffyn Farfog ( en, Triffyn the Bearded; born c. AD 385) was a legendary king of Dyfed, son of , a Deisi invader from Ireland, of the dynasty of Eochaid Allmuir.
Triffyn married Gwledyr, the heiress of the British kings of Dyfed, in the mid-5 ...
*
Aergol Lawhir
Aergol Longhand (Modern Welsh: ''Aergol Lawhir''; c. 437 c. 515) was a legendary king of Dyfed and son and heir of King Triffyn Farfog.
His name is the Welsh form of the Latin Agricola, just as his father's 'name' is the Cambrian form of "tribun ...
(?-c. 515)
*
Vortiporius
Vortiporius or Vortipor ( owl, Guortepir, Middle Welsh ''Gwrdeber'' or ''Gwerthefyr'') was a king of Dyfed in the early to mid-6th century. He ruled over an area approximately corresponding to modern Pembrokeshire, Wales. Records from this era ar ...
(c. 540)
*
Arthur ap Pedr
Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more ...
*
Cloten (c. 630) married Ceindrech of Brycheiniog, uniting the two kingdoms of Dyfed and Brycheiniog
*
Rhain ap Cadwgan
Rhain ap Cadwgan ( en, Regin son of Cadogan; died c. 740) was an 8th-century king of Dyfed and Brycheiniog in Wales of the Early Middle Ages. He succeeded his father Cadwgan, who succeeded his father Caten ap Cloten.
Biography
Rhain's great-gr ...
(c. 690-740) - also king of Brycheiniog. On his death, his kingdoms were divided again by his sons.
*
Tewdwr ap Rhain
Tudor most commonly refers to:
* House of Tudor, English royal house of Welsh origins
** Tudor period, a historical era in England coinciding with the rule of the Tudor dynasty
Tudor may also refer to:
Architecture
* Tudor architecture, the fin ...
*
Maredudd ap Tewdws
Maredudd ap Tewdws ( eng, Meredith son of Theodosius; died c. 797) was a king of Dyfed in South Wales.
His father was Tewdws son of Rhain ap Cadwgan. His sons, who both reigned after him, were Rhain and Owain.
His lineage is included among the ...
(c. 740–797)
*
Rhain ap Maredudd
Rhain son of Maredudd ( cy, Rhain ap Maredudd; died c. 808) was a king of Dyfed. He ruled following his father Maredudd ap Tewdws and was succeeded by his brother Owain. His son Triffyn then succeeded Owain.
His lineage is included among the H ...
(c. 797–808)
*
Owain ap Maredudd (c. 808–810)
*
Triffyn ap Rhain
Triffyn son of Rhain ( cy, Triffyn ap Rhain; died c. 814) was an 8th- and 9th-century king of Dyfed.
He was the son of Rhain ap Maredudd. On the death of his father, Triffyn did not succeed himinstead, his uncle Owain did. After Triffyn succe ...
(?-c. 814)
*
Hyfaidd
Hyfaidd ap Bleddri (born ) was a king of Dyfed, king of kingdom of Dyfed, Dyfed.
Welsh Triads, Triad 68"Three Kings who Sprang from taeog, Villeins"lists Hyfaidd among their number, meaning that his father Bleddri or Bledrig was held to have been ...
*
Llywarch ap Hyfaidd
Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (died ) was a king of Dyfed, king of Kingdom of Dyfed, Dyfed from until its conquest around 904 by king of Ceredigion, King Cadell ap Rhodri, Cadell of kingdom of Ceredigion, Ceredigion / Seisyllwg and his son Hywel Dda, Hy ...
(c. 893-904)
*
Rhodri ap Hyfaidd
Rhodri ap Hyfaidd (died 905) was briefly the king of Dyfed. After his brother Llywarch was killed by Hywel Dda and his father Cadell, Rhodri reigned briefly before he himself was killed and the throne was usurped by Hywel, under whom the king ...
(c. 904-905)
*
Hywel Dda
Hywel Dda, sometimes anglicised as Howel the Good, or Hywel ap Cadell (died 949/950) was a king of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubarth ...
("Hywel the Good") (c. 905-909), an invader from Seisllywg who conquered Dyfed (but later chronicles claim he acquired it by marrying Llywarch's daughter)
Seisyllwg
*
Seisyll ap Clydog
Seisyll ap Clydog was King of Ceredigion in Wales some time in the late 7th or early 8th century. He gave his name to the later kingdom of Seisyllwg, which consisted of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi; as such he was possibly the ki ...
, prince of
Ceredigion
Ceredigion ( , , ) is a county in the west of Wales, corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire. During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom. It has been administered as a county since 1282. Cere ...
(eponym and possibly founder of Seisyllwg)
*
Arthen (?-807)
*
Dyfnwallon[Heritage Consulting. Millennium File atabase on-line Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003.]
*
Meurig of Seisyllwg Meurig is a Welsh name of Brittonic origin and may refer to:
*Meurig ap Tewdrig (, the son of Tewdrig (St. Tewdrig), and a king of the early Welsh kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing
*Meurig ap Idnerth, king of Buellt, a Welsh kingdom from c. 510 to 54 ...
*
Gwgon of Seisyllwg (?-c. 870/871)
''House Manaw''
*
Angharad ferch Meurig
Angharad ferch Meurig was a 9th-century Welsh noblewoman. She was the wife of Rhodri the Great of Gwynedd, and mother of Anarawd (Rhodri's successor), Cadell ap Rhodri, and Merfyn.
Life
Angharad was the daughter of Meurig, evidently the King ...
(?-872) and
Rhodri the Great
Rhodri ap Merfyn ( 820 – 873/877/878), popularly known as Rhodri the Great ( cy, Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called "King of the Britons" ...
(?–873/877/878) - stewards
*
Cadell ap Rhodri
Cadell ap Rhodri (854–909) was King of Seisyllwg, a minor kingdom in southwestern Wales, from about 872 until his death.
Life
Cadell was the second son of King Rhodri the Great of Gwynedd and Angharad, a princess from Seisyllwg. In 872 Anghar ...
, second son of Anghared and Rhodri (872–909)
*
Hywel Dda
Hywel Dda, sometimes anglicised as Howel the Good, or Hywel ap Cadell (died 949/950) was a king of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubarth ...
(Hywel the Good) (909-920) - he ruled Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter merged it with Dyfed into Deheubarth
Deheubarth
*
Hywel Dda
Hywel Dda, sometimes anglicised as Howel the Good, or Hywel ap Cadell (died 949/950) was a king of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubarth ...
(Hywel the Good) (920–950)
* His son,
Owain ap Hywel (950–986)
**
Rhodri ap Hywel
Rhodri ap Hywel (died 964) was a King of Deheubarth in South Wales, and son of Hywel Dda.
On Hywel's death in 950 Deheubarth was shared between Rhodri and his two brothers, Edwin ap Hywel, Edwin and Owain ap Hywel Dda, Owain. The sons of Hywel we ...
(950–953) ''and''
**
Edwin ap Hywel
Edwin ap Hywel (died ) was a 10th-century king of Deheubarth, king of Deheubarth in Wales of the High Middle Ages.
One of three sons of Hywel Dda, he divided his father's realm with his brothers Rhodri ap Hywel, Rhodri and Owain ap Hywel Dda, Ow ...
(950–954)
* Owain ap Hywel's son,
Maredudd ab Owain
Maredudd ab Owain (died ) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages. A member of the House of Dinefwr, his patrimony was the kingdom of Deheubarth comprising the southern realms of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brycheiniog. Upon the d ...
(986–999)
*
Cynan ap Hywel
Cynan ap Hywel (ruled 999–1005) was a Prince of Gwynedd, one of the kingdoms or principalities of medieval Wales. He was the son of Hywel ap Ieuaf, a previous king from the line of Idwal Foel (his grandfather). On Hywel's death, the realm was ru ...
, prince of Gwynedd (999–1005)
* the sons of Einion ab Owain (brother of Maredudd ab Owain), who ruled jointly:
** Edwin ab Einion (1005–1018)
** Cadell ab Einion (1005–1018)
*
Llywelyn ap Seisyll
Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was an 11th-century King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth.
Llywelyn was the son of Seisyll, a man of whom little is known. Llewelyn first appears on record in 1018, the year he defeated and killed Aeddan ap Blegyw ...
, prince of Gwynedd (1018–1023)
*
Rhydderch ap Iestyn Rhydderch ap Iestyn (died 1033) was king of Gwent and Morgannwg in south Wales and later took over the kingdom of Deheubarth and controlled Powys.
Comparatively little has been recorded about Rhydderch ab Iestyn in the annals. He appears to have o ...
, prince of Glywysing (1023–1033)
* Edwin ab Einion's son,
Hywel ab Edwin
Hywel ap Edwin (died 1044) was king of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1033 to 1043.
Hywel was the son of Edwin ap Einion and great-grandson of Hywel Dda. When the previous king, Rhydderch ap Iestyn, who had usurped the throne, died in 1033 Hywel ...
(1033–1044)
* Rhydderch ap Iestyn's son,
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (d. AD 1055) was a king of Gwent and part of the kingdom of Morgannwg in south Wales and later king of Deheubarth.
Gruffydd was the son of Rhydderch ab Iestyn who had been able to take over the kingdom of Deheubarth from 10 ...
(1047–1055)
*
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn ( 5 August 1063) was King of Wales from 1055 to 1063. He had previously been King of Gwynedd and Powys in 1039. He was the son of King Llywelyn ap Seisyll and Angharad daughter of Maredudd ab Owain, and the great-gre ...
, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063)
* Edwin ab Einion's grandson,
Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin
Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin (died 1072) was a prince of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south west Wales.
Maredudd was the son of Owain ab Edwin and was hence the male-line heir of Hywel Dda. The throne had been seized from the previous king of this ...
(1063–1072)
* his brother,
Rhys ab Owain
Rhys ab Owain (died 1078) was a king of Deheubarth in southern Wales.
Rhys was the son of Owain ab Edwin of the line of Hywel Dda, and member of the Dinefwr dynasty. He followed his brother Maredudd as king of Deheubarth in 1072. Together with ...
(1072–1078)
* his second cousin,
Rhys ap Tewdwr
Rhys ap Tewdwr (c. 1040 – 1093) was a king of Deheubarth in Wales and member of the Dinefwr dynasty, a branch descended from Rhodri the Great. He was born in the area which is now Carmarthenshire and died at the battle of Brecon in April 10 ...
(1078–1093)
''
Deheubarth was in the possession of the Normans
The Normans (Norman language, Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norsemen, Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Fran ...
from 1093 to 1155''
*
Gruffydd ap Rhys
Gruffydd ap Rhys (c. 1090 – 1137) was Prince of Deheubarth, in Wales. His sister was the Princess Nest ferch Rhys. He was the father of Rhys ap Gruffydd, known as 'The Lord Rhys', who was one of the most successful rulers of Deheubarth duri ...
(1116–1137) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth with Norman permission''
* his son,
Anarawd ap Gruffydd
Anarawd ap Gruffydd (died 1143) was a Prince of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales.
Lineage
Anarawd was the eldest son of Gruffydd ap Rhys. On the death of his father in 1137, Anarawd took over the rule of Deheubarth.
Resistance
In 1136 he and ...
(1136–1143)
* his brother,
Cadell ap Gruffydd
Cadell ap Gruffydd (died 1175) was prince of the Kingdom of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales.
Cadell was the son of Gruffydd ap Rhys, who held part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth with the remainder in the hands of various Norman lords. Gruffydd died i ...
(1143–1151)
* his brother,
Maredudd ap Gruffydd
Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1131–1155) was a prince of the kingdom of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales.
Maredudd was the fifth of six sons of Gruffydd ap Rhys, and the third of four by Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd;Cadw, Welsh Government (Crown Copyright), ...
(1151–1155)
* his brother,
The Lord Rhys
Rhys ap Gruffydd, commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys'' (c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197 and native Prince of Wales.
It was believed that h ...
(Rhys ap Gruffydd) (1155–1197)
* his son,
Gruffydd ap Rhys
Gruffydd ap Rhys (c. 1090 – 1137) was Prince of Deheubarth, in Wales. His sister was the Princess Nest ferch Rhys. He was the father of Rhys ap Gruffydd, known as 'The Lord Rhys', who was one of the most successful rulers of Deheubarth duri ...
(1197–1201) ''who for a time ruled jointly with his brother,''
*
Maelgwn ap Rhys Maelgwn ap Rhys (c. 1170–1230) was prince of part of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south west Wales.
Maelgwn was the son of Rhys ap Gruffydd (''The Lord Rhys'') by his wife Gwenllian ferch Madog, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd prince of Powys. He a ...
(1199–1230) ''who disputed the territory with his brother,''
* Rhys the Hoarse (
Rhys Gryg
Rhys Gryg ('Rhys the Hoarse') (died 1234), real name Rhys ap Rhys, also known as Rhys Fychan ('Rhys the Younger') was a Welsh prince who ruled part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth.
Lineage
Rhys was the fourth son of Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhy ...
) (1216–1234)
''
From 1234 to 1283, Deheubarth was subject to the princes of Gwynedd''
* Rhys the Hoarse's son, Rhys Mechyll (1234–1244) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth''
* his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth''
* his son, Rhys ap Maredudd (1271–1283) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth''
See also
*
Goronwy Foel
*
House of Dinefwr
The Royal House of Dinefwr was a cadet branch of the Royal House of Gwynedd, founded by King Cadell ap Rhodri (reign 872–909), son of Rhodri the Great. Their ancestor, Cunedda Wledig, born in late Roman Britain, was a Sub-Roman warlord who ...
*
List of Welsh kings
Prior to the Conquest of Wales, completed in 1282, Wales consisted of a number of independent kingdoms, the most important being Gwynedd, Powys, Deheubarth (originally Ceredigion, Seisyllwg and Dyfed) and Morgannwg (Glywysing and Gwent). Bounda ...
References
* ''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales''. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2008
External links
{{coord, 51.8768, N, 4.0184, W, source:wikidata, display=title
1197 disestablishments in Europe
Kingdoms of Wales
States and territories established in the 10th century
920 establishments
10th-century establishments in Wales