Kineshma (russian: Кинешма), the second-largest town in

Ivanovo Oblast Ivanovo Oblast (russian: Ива́новская о́бласть, ''Ivanovskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It had a population of 927,828 as of the 2021 Russian Census. Its three largest cities are Ivanovo (the ...

in Russia, sprawls for along the Volga River, 335 kilometers north-east of Moscow. Population:

History

Kineshma was first noticed as a '' posad'' in 1429. In 1504, Ivan III gave it to Prince

Feodor Belsky Fyodor, Fedor (russian: Фёдор) or Feodor is the Russian form of the name "Theodore" meaning “God’s Gift”. Fedora () is the feminine form. Fyodor and Fedor are two English transliterations of the same Russian name. It may refer to: Giv ...

, who escaped to Moscow from

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

and married Ivan's niece. Later on,

Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan ...

gave Kineshma to Ivan Petrovich Shuisky, but after the latter's death it was returned to the

Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...

in 1587. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Kineshma was a major fishing center, which supplied

sturgeon Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretace ...

for the Tsar's table. In 1608, it was twice ravaged by the Poles. Throughout its history, Kineshma belonged to different Russian regions, including

Archangelgorod Governorate Archangelgorod Governorate (russian: Архангелогородская губерния, ''Arkhangelogorodskaya guberniya''), or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia and ...

, Yaroslavl Province of Saint Petersburg Governorate, and

Moscow Governorate Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which ...

Etymology

From a substrate Finno-Ugric language (cf. mhr, кыне ('kine', < Proto-Finno-Permic ''*känз''), "hemp").

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kineshma serves as the administrative center of Kineshemsky District,Law #145-OZ even though it is not a part of it.Law #145-OZ stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #42-OZ, which describes the borders and the composition of Kineshemsky District, does not list the town of Kineshma as a part of that district. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Kineshma—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

. As a municipal division, the Town of Kineshma is incorporated as Kineshma Urban Okrug.Law #124-OZ

Economy

Since the 18th century, the town's main industry has been textile manufacturing. Like all the textile centers in Russia, the town's prosperity declined after the

perestroika ''Perestroika'' (; russian: links=no, перестройка, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg) was a political movement for reform within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s widely associated wit ...

Architecture

Kineshma's principal landmark is the Trinity Cathedral, built in 1838–1845 to a typical Neoclassical design. There are also several 18th-century churches in the town. The neighborhoods of Kineshma contain estates and museums of Alexander Ostrovsky,

Alexander Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...

, and Fyodor Bredikhin. In 2010, Kineshma was granted status of a town of historical significance.

Religion

Currently there are eleven churches, nine of which are active, and three chapels.

People

, composer and chemist * Fyodor Bredikhin, astronomer * Sergey Klyugin, Olympic high jumper * Alexander Ostrovsky, writer * Andrei Semenov, mixed martial artist * Kostromin, musical artist

Twin towns – sister cities

Kineshma is

twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...

with: * Vantaa, Finland *

Baranavichy Baranavichy ( ; be, Бара́навічы, Belarusian Latin alphabet, Łacinka: , ; russian: Бара́новичи; yi, באַראַנאָוויטש; pl, Baranowicze) is a city in the Brest Region of western Belarus, with a population (as of ...

, Belarus * Gudauta, Abkhazia

References

Notes

Sources

* *

External links

Official website of Kineshma

''168 chasov''
city news {{Authority control Cities and towns in Ivanovo Oblast Kineshemsky Uyezd Populated places on the Volga