Geography

Kikino Metis Settlement is a

Metis settlement Alberta is the fourth-most populous province in Canada with 4,262,635 residents as of 2021 Census of Population and is the fourth-largest in land area at . Alberta's 344 municipalities cover of the province's land mass and are home to of it ...

central Alberta Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta. Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy. Geography Central Alberta is bordere ...

, Canada within

Smoky Lake County Smoky Lake County is a municipal district in north-eastern Alberta, Canada. Located in Census Division No. 12, its municipal office is located in the Town of Smoky Lake. Geography Communities and localities The following urban munici ...

. It is located along Highway 36, approximately west of Cold Lake. Kikino is one of 8 of the Metis Settlements. The

is about 512,121 hectares and Kikino is the smallest community within the settlement with only 44,000 hectares of land The closest lake to the Kikino Metis Settlement is

Cold Lake, Alberta Cold Lake is a city in northeastern Alberta, Canada and is named after the lake nearby. Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake (CFB Cold Lake) is situated within the city's outer limits. History Cold Lake was first recorded on a 1790 map, by the nam ...

. This settlement was home to about 934 people in 2016 and it does not tend to pass a population of 1,000 people. Resources such as gas and oil, along with fishing can be found from the land of the settlement. Kikino, along with the other settlements in Metis function as their own individual town or city and have their own schools, post office and other buildings.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by

Statistics Canada Statistics Canada (StatCan; french: Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the agency of the Government of Canada commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and cultur ...

, Kikino (parts A and B combined) had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. The population of the Kikino Metis Settlement according to its 2018 municipal census is 928, an increase from its 2015 municipal census population count of 918. As a

designated place A designated place (DPL) is a type of community or settlement identified by Statistics Canada that does not meet the criteria used to define municipalities or population centres. DPLs are delineated every 5 years for the Canadian census as the sta ...

in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, by combining parts "A" and "B", the Kikino Metis Settlement had a population of 934 living in 283 of its 319 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 964. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.

History

In their early years, Kikino was a part of a greater settlement which was just the Metis First Peoples and they were not their own settlement. Their early life takes place in the Great Lakes region, but as European settlements expanded, they moved upwards to where they are now. Prior to the 8 communities established, it was only a separation of two Metis groups. It was the French Metis and Anglo Metis. Eventually those distinctions developed into twelve different communities then fell down to 8. The first major act that affected Kikino, which at the time was known as Goodfish Lake, was the ''

Dominion Lands Act The ''Dominion Lands Act'' (long title: ''An Act Respecting the Public Lands of the Dominion'') was an 1872 Canadian law that aimed to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies and to help prevent the area being claimed by the United Sta ...

'' of 1872. This act made land available at a very low price to settlers moving West. However, this excluded the Metis up until the late 1870s. The Metis Settlement was created from the'' Métis Population Betterment Act'' of 1938. This act was passed by the

Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...

government, due to the poorly structured living conditions that the Metis people were living in. The Metis people were already living on this land, they just did not have their own governance of this land. The act made it so the Metis Settlement was able to form their one government and this was said to eventually lead to an improvement of living conditions for the Metis First Peoples. The struggles that the Kikino people faced was that they were struggling to live up to the standards of the West's living standards. This act also allowed for the preservations of culture and a way to allow traditions to live on. The Betterment Act did not give complete control over the Metis land, but it gave them a little bit more than what they previously had. The ''Metis Population Betterment Act'' established 12 colonies within the Metis Settlement. Kikino was previously known as Goodfish Lake, but later adopted Kikino which means "our home". The settlement was said to have chosen Kikino as a means to demonstrated what the Betterment Act meant to the community as a whole, since the First Peoples struggled with self identity. The land that was granted to them was theirs and they did not have very much built in the area, therefore they were able to have a clean slate. The Act was later revisited because the Metis Settlement did not solve all of the problems that the Metis settlements were concerned about, it only allowed them to exist as their own settlement. Eventually in 1952 after the Betterment Act was revisited, they were allowed to elect board members and they gained control of their businesses. By 1960, out of the 12 original communities, only 8 of them continued to be a part of the Metis Settlement. Kikino remained one of the 8.

Events

Silver Birch Rodeo & Celebration Days

Silver Birch Rodeo is a yearly event during the community's Celebration Days, usually hosted in August. There are usually anywhere from 2–3 days to celebrate this event and they host activities such as bull riding, cow riding, wild horse racing and other rodeo events. In several news outlets, it is said that the event is becoming extremely popular that it will eventually have to move to a bigger area to host the event. Other events that Kikino are involved in or host are the Slo-Pitch Tourney and the Metis Triathlon.

Culture

Kikino culture is a mixture of First Nation's traditions but also European culture from the time that they were going through assimilation. The reason this settlement, along with the rest of the Metis settlements, fought for their own land and right of governance was because of the struggles they were facing when adapting to Western life. There is no real timeline of when the Metis settlements shifted from French Metis to Anglo Metis. Even in the Metis right declaration, they acknowledge that they are forever tied with Canadian history and lineage.

Language

In the Kikino settlement, English is predominantly spoken. Other languages spoken also include "mother tongue" languages which are the Aboriginal, Cree-Montagnais,

Cree The Cree ( cr, néhinaw, script=Latn, , etc.; french: link=no, Cri) are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada ...

Northern Athabaskan languages Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America, particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans), Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. The Northe ...

, and

Dene The Dene people () are an Aboriginal peoples in Canada, indigenous group of First Nations in Canada, First Nations who inhabit the northern Boreal forest of Canada, boreal and Arctic regions of Canada. The Dene speak Northern Athabaskan languag ...

. Michif is also a spoken language among the Kikino settlement.

Architecture

When Kikino is known for its buildings and architecture and it plays a major role in the community's identity. Items such as the Metis flag and birchbark canoes remain a representation in Kikino traditions. When the Kikino families were first given rights to their own land, they built homes by using basic needs and using materials available. This meant that most of the material that was readily available were logs or thick pieces of wood. This was house the ancestors of the Metis Settlement built their homes, so the Kikino and other settlements building their homes this way kept they kept their tradition alive. Much of their resources were repurposed and this left them with a better relationship with their traditions. Kikino's elemenatary school is one of the most popular examples that is used to demonstrate Metis traditions and architecture. Kikino's architecture also keeps developing, the community tends to come together to teach each other new techniques on what to build.

Government

The Kikino government follows the Metis Settlement Constitution that was approved by the Prime Minister. Kikino's constitution was amended several times before it was approved. Each settlement elects leaders in order to maintain their councils. Kikino elects five member every three years. With the Metis Betterment Act, it was instructed to the settlements that their council had specific powers and responsibilities, these included but were not limited to ensuring the improvement of the settlements. This meant that they would constantly find ways to improve their living conditions that is agreed upon by the people. the council was expected to look at what their community needs and improve it.

Current Councilman

Chad Cardinal is the current Chairman of the Kikino Metis Settlement. One of the current issues that Chad Cardinal is focusing on is inflation. The 2022 all-time high is heavily effecting the Kikino settlement. Chad Cardinal is currently using different programs that are already assist members of the community with covering these rising costs. Although, Cardinal feels that Kikino can implement more programs to help these First Nations people, he still believe Alberta needs to do more to assist them during these difficult times.

References

External links

* http://www.kalynacountry.com/kikino-metis-settlement/ * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kikino metis settlement alberta Métis settlements in Alberta Designated places in Alberta Smoky Lake County