The Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקיבוצית, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit'') is the largest
settlement movement
The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in United Kingdom and the United States. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity and s ...
for
kibbutzim in
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include the
Religious Kibbutz Movement
The Religious Kibbutz Movement ( he, הקיבוץ הדתי, ''HaKibbutz HaDati'') is an organizational framework for Orthodox kibbutzim in Israel. Its membership includes 22 communities, 16 of them traditional kibbutzim, and 6 others in the cat ...
with its 16 kibbutzim or the two
Poalei Agudat Yisrael
Poalei Agudat Yisrael ( he, פועלי אגודת ישראל, , Agudat Yisrael Workers) was a trade union and Jewish political party in Poland and a minor political party in Israel. It was also known as PAI or PAGI, its Hebrew acronym (Hebrew: o ...
-affiliated religious kibbutzim.
United Kibbutz Movement
The United Kibbutz Movement ( he, התנועה הקבוצית המאוחדת, ''HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit HaMeuhedet''), also known by its Hebrew acronym ''TaKaM'' (), was founded in 1981 and was largely aligned with the
Labor Party and its predecessors. It had been formed by a merger itself, when ''HaKibbutz HaMeuhad'' and ''Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim'' came together. Consequently, their respective youth movements merged into the
Habonim Dror
Habonim Dror ( he, הַבּוֹנִים דְּרוֹר, "the builders–freedom") is the evolution of two Jewish Labour Zionist youth movements that merged in 1982.
Habonim ( he, הַבּוֹנִים, "the builders") was founded in 1929 in the U ...
youth movement.
In 1999 a third movement, Artzi, joined the United Kibbutz Movement, although it maintains a certain autonomy, as does its
Hashomer Hatzair youth movement.
History
HaKibbutz HaMeuhad
HaKibbutz HaMeuhad ( he, הקיבוץ המאוחד, lit. ''The United Kibbutz'') had been formed in 1927 by the union of several kibbutz bodies and was associated with the
Poale Zion
Poale Zion (also spelled Poalei Tziyon or Poaley Syjon, meaning "Workers of Zion") was a movement of Marxist–Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland, Europe and the Russian Empire in about the turn of the 20th century after ...
and later
Ahdut HaAvoda
Ahdut HaAvoda ( he, אַחְדוּת הַעֲבוֹדָה, lit. ''Labour Unity'') was the name used by a series of political parties. Ahdut HaAvoda in its first incarnation was led by David Ben-Gurion. It was first established during the perio ...
parties and was aligned with the Habonim youth movement.
Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim
Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim ( he, איחוד הקבוצות והקיבוצים, lit. ''Union of the
Kvutzot
Kvutza, kevutza or kevutzah ( "group") is a communal settlement among Jews, primarily in pre-state Israel, the word was used in reference to communal life. First there were ''kvutzot'' (plural of kvutza) in the sense of groups of young people with ...
and the Kibbutzim'') had been formed in 1951 by the union of ''Hever HaKvutzot'' (, lit. ''Group of the Kvutzot'') and Ihud HaKibbutzim (, lit. ''Union of the Kibbutzim''). The movement included kibbutzim which had left ''HaKibbutz HaMeuhad'' for ideological reasons and was aligned with the Labour Party and its predecessors,
Mapai
Mapai ( he, מַפָּא"י, an acronym for , ''Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael'', lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") was a democratic socialist political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger in ...
and the
Dror youth movement.
Kibbutz Artzi
Kibbutz Artzi ( he, הקיבוץ הארצי, lit, ''Nationwide Kibbutz'') was a kibbutz movement associated with the
Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, and the
Mapam political party. It was founded on 1 April 1927, and had 85 kibbutzim and 28,000 members in 1998.
See also
*
Settlement movement (Israel)
Settlement movement ( he, תנועת התיישבות) is a term used in Israel to describe national umbrella organisations for kibbutzim, moshavim, moshavim shitufiim, and community settlements. It is not related to the term Israeli settlement, ...
, the wider communal settlement movement within the pre-1967 borders
*
List of kibbutzim
The following is a list of kibbutzim ( he, קיבוצים) in Israel, grouped by affiliation, with their year of foundation in brackets.
In 2004, there were 266 kibbutzim with population 116,000 or 2.1% of the Jewish population of Israel.
In 201 ...
References
External links
Official website
{{Zionism
1999 establishments in Israel
Labor Zionism