Khizr Khwaja Khan (d. 1399, also known as Khizr Khoja) was the son of
Tughlugh Timur
Tughlugh Timur Khan (also Tughluq Tömür or Tughluk Timur) (1312/13–1363) was the Khan of Moghulistan from c. 1347 and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. Esen Buqa (a direct descendant of Chagatai Khan) is believe ...
and Khan of
Moghulistan
Moghulistan (from fa, , ''Moghulestân'', mn, Моголистан), also called the Moghul Khanate or the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (), was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Teng ...
during the
Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus ( xng, , translit=Čaɣatay-yin Ulus; mn, Цагаадайн улс, translit=Tsagaadain Uls; chg, , translit=Čağatāy Ulusi; fa, , translit=Xânât-e Joghatây) was a Mongol and later Turkicized kha ...
, reigning from 1390 to 1399 AD.
Reign as Khan of Moghulistan
Khizr Khoja took the throne of Moghulistan after the defeat of
Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat
Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat (Urdu; Persian; Arabic: ) was a Mongol ruler of Moghulistan between 1368 and 1392. He belonged to the Dughlat clan of Mongol warlords.
Under Tughlugh Timur, both ''Amirs'' Tuluk and Bulaji had held the office of ''u ...
by
Timur
Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...
in 1390.
Tarikh-i-Rashidi by
Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat
Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince w ...
says that
Tughluk Timur
Tughlugh Timur Khan (also Tughluq Tömür or Tughluk Timur) (1312/13–1363) was the Khan of Moghulistan from c. 1347 and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. Esen Buqa (a direct descendant of Chagatai Khan) is believe ...
Khán's youngest son was Khizir Khwája Khán, and that while he was yet at his mother's breast, he was saved from the cruelty and enmity of Kamaruddin by Mir Ághá, the mother of Amir Khudáidád. When the child attained twelve years, his friends, still fearing Amir Kamaruddin, took him from
Káshghar.
Amir Khudáidád wished to send a few trustworthy men with him, but Mir Ághá opposed this plan, saying: "Do not send any of your own servants, for when the boy becomes Khán, base born people
uch as they
Uch ( pa, ;
ur, ), frequently referred to as Uch Sharīf ( pa, ;
ur, ; ''"Noble Uch"''), is a historic city in the southern part of Pakistan's Punjab province. Uch may have been founded as Alexandria on the Indus, a town founded by Alexand ...
will become influential, and then they will prove enemies to yourself and your children. They will imagine that the people do not pay them sufficient respect, but say among themselves, ‘These are only servants.’ For this reason rather send others than your own retainers—send strangers." So twelve men were sent, and each eventually became an Amir. Many of their descendants are alive now. Among their number was Arjirák, from whom are descended the Amirs of Itárji; Tájri of
Khwárizm, from whom are sprung the Amirs of Kunji; while another was of the tribe of Chálish Siádi
r Sayyádi and his sons also became Amirs, with the style
akabof Kushji, but they are also called Kukildásh.
They took Khizir Khwája Khán up to the hills which lie between
Badakhshán and Káshghar. But the spies of Kamaruddin got news of his hiding-place, so he abandoned it and fled to the hills of
Khotan
Hotan (also known as Gosthana, Gaustana, Godana, Godaniya, Khotan, Hetian, Hotien) is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in Western China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become ...
. Fearing discovery, he went on to Sárigh Uighur, Jurján, and Lob Katak, where he remained for twelve years. On the death of Kamaruddin, search was made for Khizir Khwája Khán, and Amir Khudáidád sent for him from where he was in hiding. As soon as he was brought in, Khudáidád called the people together and raised him to the Khánship. Thus did the splendour of the Khán come to illumine the sovereignty of the Moghuls, so that the affairs of Moghulistán prospered. The Khán then concluded a peace with Amir Timur, who formed an alliance with him by marrying Tavakkul Khánim, a maiden from the royal haram.
Family
Two of Khizr Khoja's sons,
Shams-i-Jahan
Shams-i-Jahan (شمس جہان) was Khan of Mughlistan from 1399 to 1408.
Family
He was the son of Khizr Khoja. Two of his daughters were married to grandsons of the Central Asian conqueror Timur: Husn Nigar Khanika to Ulugh Beg
Mīrzā Mu ...
and
Muhammad Khan, served successively as rulers of Moghulistan. They were followed by a third Khan,
Naqsh-i-Jahan
Naqsh-i-Jahan (نقش جہان) was khan of Moghulistan from 1415 to 1418. He was son of Shams-i-Jahan
Shams-i-Jahan (شمس جہان) was Khan of Mughlistan from 1399 to 1408.
Family
He was the son of Khizr Khoja. Two of his daughters were ma ...
. An exact relationship between this ruler and Khizr Khoja is difficult to establish due to contradictions in various sources from this period. Naqsh-i-Jahan may therefore either be a son of Khizr Khoja himself, or his grandson by Shams-i-Jahan.
One of Khizr Khoja's daughters, Tukal Khanum, was married in 1397 to the
Central Asian
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes the former S ...
conqueror
Timur
Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...
. A second daughter,
Malikat Agha, was initially married to Timur's son
Umar Shaikh Mirza I
Mu'iz-ud-din Umar Shaikh Mirza (1356 – February 1394) ( fa, عمر شیخ میرزا) was a member of the Timurid dynasty and a son of its founder, the Central Asian conqueror Timur. Known for being a skilled soldier, Umar Shaikh was one o ...
, before marrying his younger brother
Shah Rukh
Shah Rukh or Shahrukh ( fa, شاهرخ, ''Šāhrokh'') (20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447.
He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynas ...
after the former's death.
Genealogy
Genealogy of Chughatai Khanates
In Babr Nama written by
Babur
Babur ( fa, , lit= tiger, translit= Bābur; ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his ...
, Page 19, Chapter 1; described genealogy of his maternal grandfather Yunas Khan as:
"Yunas Khan descended from Chaghatai Khan, the second
son of Chingiz Khan (as follows,) Yunas Khan, son of Wais
Khan, son of Sher-'ali Aughlon, son of Muhammad Khan, son
of Khizr Khwaja Khan, son of Tughluq-timur Khan, son of
Aisan-bugha Khan, son of Dawa Khan, son of Baraq Khan,
son of Yesuntawa Khan, son of Muatukan, son of Chaghatai
Khan, son of Chingiz Khan"
[The Babur Nama in English, Zahiru'd-din Mubammad Babur Padshah Ghdzt, ANNETTE SUSANNAH BEVERIDGE]
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khizr Khoja
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Khans
Turkic rulers
Borjigin
Chagatai khans
Moghulistan