Khanlar Mirza (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: خانلر میرزا) whose royal title was Ehtesham-

ed-Dowleh Ed-Dowleh is a suffix used as part of titles for members of royalty who were in governing positions during the Qajar dynasty in Iran (Persia). Some of the children of Abbas Mirza who were governors also carried this title. It derives from the medi ...

(احتشام الدوله) was one of the most prominent princes of the Qajar dynasty. He was the seventeenth son of Crown Prince

Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza ( fa, عباس میرزا; August 26, 1789October 25, 1833) was a Qajar crown prince of Iran. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828, as ...

and commander of Nasser al-Din Shah's forces in

Bushehr Bushehr, Booshehr or Bushire ( fa, بوشهر ; also romanised as ''Būshehr'', ''Bouchehr'', ''Buschir'' and ''Busehr''), also known as Bandar Bushehr ( fa, ; also romanised as ''Bandar Būshehr'' and ''Bandar-e Būshehr''), previously Antio ...

during the

Anglo-Persian War The Anglo-Persian War or the Anglo-Iranian War () lasted between 1 November 1856 and 4 April 1857, and was fought between the United Kingdom and Iran, which was ruled by the Qajar dynasty. The war had the British oppose an attempt by Iran to ...

Biography

On 25 October 1856 Persian forces re-occupied the city of

Herat Herāt (; Persian: ) is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safē ...

. Britain declared war on Iran on 1 November 1856

. Iran managed to release the city from the Afghan insurgents. In response on 10 November a British-Indian Naval squadron, commanded by Commodore Young, were sent from the coast of the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...

to the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bod ...

via Strait of Hormuz, which heavily bombarded the Iranian cities of

Ahwaz Ahvaz ( fa, اهواز, Ahvâz ) is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province. Ahvaz's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants. It is hom ...

and Mohammerah (the present

Khorramshahr Khorramshahr ( fa, خرمشهر , also Romanization, romanized as ''Khurramshahr'', ar, المحمرة, romanized as ''Al-Muhammerah'') is a city and capital of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population wa ...

). A British Army expeditionary force, under Major General

Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet (29 January 1803 – 11 March 1863) was a British general who fought in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Early life James Outram was the son of Benjamin Outram of Butterley Hall, Butterley, Derby ...

, which included General Stalker commanding a division of the

78th Highlanders The 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was a Highland Infantry Regiment of the Line, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders to form the Seaforth Highlanders in 1881. Hi ...

or Ross-Shire Buffs advanced from

to Boorzgoon and defeated the forces of Khanlar Mirza and occupy Bushehr and Lengeh port cities as well as Boorzgoon and

, Khark Islalnd and

. The capture of Boorzgoon resulted in destruction of the Iranian stores. Khanlar Mirza’s force was attacked at Kooshab on 7 February 1857 and heavily defeated. After his return to

, Outram left Major-General Stalker to hold the town. Outram's forces crossed the Persian Gulf to the delta of the

Euphrates The Euphrates () is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia ( ''the land between the rivers''). Originating in Turkey, the Eup ...

, up which he advanced to Mohammerah, some sixty miles inland. On 26 March the Navy bombarded the strong

positions and forts in Mohammerah. When the 500 British troops were landed under Brigadier-General Sir

Henry Havelock Major-General Sir Henry Havelock (5 April 1795 – 24 November 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India and his recapture of Cawnpore during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (First War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny). ...

, they entered with little resistance and captured a further large supply of stores. Havelock gave full credit for the ease with which he accomplished his mission to the Navy, who in turn owed its immunity from heavy casualties to the foresight of Commander Rennie. Prince Khanlar Mirza, retreated to Shuster. The Paris Agreement was signed between the two countries with the mediation of France and resulted in the withdrawal of the British forces from the port city. The

ended on 4 March 1857. Khanlar Mirza died in 1862. At that time he was governor of Isfahan.

Sons

* Jalaleddine Mirza ''royal title: Ehtesham-ol-Molk'' * Nasrollah Mirza * Ali-Mohammad Mirza ''royal title: Ehtesham-ol-Mamalek'' * Gohlam-Husain Mirza ''royal title: Shabeh-Soltan'' * Akbar Mirza

Biography

Sons

References

Further reading