Kernenried is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

in the administrative district of

Emmental The Emmental ( en, Emme Valley) is a valley in west-central Switzerland, forming part of the canton of Bern. It is a hilly landscape comprising the basins of the rivers Emme and Ilfis. The region is mostly devoted to farming, particularly dai ...

in the canton of

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

History

Kernenried was first mentioned around 1261-63 as ''Reide'', in 1318 it was mentioned as ''Kerrenriet''. The earliest trace of a settlement in the area is a

Hallstatt Hallstatt ( , , ) is a small town in the district of Gmunden, in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Situated between the southwestern shore of Hallstätter See and the steep slopes of the Dachstein massif, the town lies in the Salzkammergut ...

grave mound A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds or ''kurgans'', and may be found throughout much of the world. A cairn, which is a mound of stones buil ...

near Oberholz-Schulwald. A horde of

Roman era In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...

coins was discovered near the border with

Zauggenried Zauggenried is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Zauggenried, Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Mülchi and ...

. During the Middle Ages the ''

Herrschaft The German term ''Herrschaft'' (plural: ''Herrschaften'') covers a broad semantic field and only the context will tell whether it means, "rule", "power", "dominion", "authority", "territory" or "lordship". In its most abstract sense, it refers ...

'' of Kernenried was owned by the

Ministerialis The ''ministeriales'' (singular: ''ministerialis'') were a class of people raised up from serfdom and placed in positions of power and responsibility in the High Middle Ages in the Holy Roman Empire. The word and its German translations, ''Minis ...

(unfree knights in the service of a

feudal Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a wa ...

overlord) family of Kerro, who were in the service of the

Counts of Kyburg The Kyburg family (; ; also Kiburg) was a noble family of ''grafen'' (counts) in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th centuries ruled the County of Kyburg, corresponding to much of wha ...

. The Kerro family ruled Kernenried from their

water castle A water castle is a castle whose site is largely defended by water. It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbodies such as island castles in a river or offshore. The term comes from European castle st ...

in Mösli. However, the castle was destroyed by

in 1318 and the Kerro lands were acquired by Bern. In the following years, the Bernese

patrician Patrician may refer to: * Patrician (ancient Rome), the original aristocratic families of ancient Rome, and a synonym for "aristocratic" in modern English usage * Patrician (post-Roman Europe), the governing elites of cities in parts of medieval ...

von Erlach family received the village as part of a dowry. In 1579 the village was given to the ''obere Spital'' in Bern to help support this hospital. After the

Act of Mediation The Act of Mediation () was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic on 19 February 1803 establishing the Swiss Confederation. The act also abolished the previous Helvetic Republic, which had existed since the invasion ...

in 1803, the village was assigned to Burgdorf district. The village chapel was supported by the Kirchberg

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...

. After the

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

the chapel was abandoned and eventually demolished. The village remains part of the Kirchberg parish. Even though the proximity of a highway has encouraged some commuters to move into the village, it has retained its agricultural and small business character. Together with the nearby municipality of Zauggenried, they form a school district.

Geography

2010-04-16 Balonveturo (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 152

Kernenried has an area of . Of this area, or 60.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 23.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 14.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.3% is unproductive land.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics
2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 9.3%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.5% of the area Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 51.4% is used for growing crops and 7.5% is pastures, while 1.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located on the Urtenen river. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Burgdorf, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Emmental.Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz
accessed 4 April 2011

Coat of arms

The

blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vis ...

of the municipal

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...

is ''Gules a Bend and a Mullet Argent.''

Demographics

Kernenried has a population () of . , 6.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals.Statistical office of the Canton of Bern
accessed 4 January 2012 Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -1.6%. Migration accounted for -1.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.6%.
accessed 05-September-2012 Most of the population () speaks

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

(436 or 98.0%) as their first language, Macedonian is the second most common (4 or 0.9%) and

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

is the third (1 or 0.2%). , the population was 49.0% male and 51.0% female. The population was made up of 200 Swiss men (45.1% of the population) and 17 (3.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 213 Swiss women (48.1%) and 13 (2.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 142 or about 31.9% were born in Kernenried and lived there in 2000. There were 227 or 51.0% who were born in the same canton, while 51 or 11.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 16 or 3.6% were born outside of Switzerland. , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.8%. , there were 165 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 247 married individuals, 17 widows or widowers and 16 individuals who are divorced.STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000
accessed 2 February 2011 , there were 28 households that consist of only one person and 16 households with five or more people. , a total of 163 apartments (93.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 9 apartments (5.1%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (1.7%) were empty.Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen
accessed 28 January 2011 The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = top:10 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:450 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:90 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:18 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1764 from:start till:187 text:"187" bar:1850 from:start till:331 text:"331" bar:1860 from:start till:330 text:"330" bar:1870 from:start till:330 text:"330" bar:1880 from:start till:346 text:"346" bar:1888 from:start till:394 text:"394" bar:1900 from:start till:349 text:"349" bar:1910 from:start till:309 text:"309" bar:1920 from:start till:339 text:"339" bar:1930 from:start till:345 text:"345" bar:1941 from:start till:334 text:"334" bar:1950 from:start till:306 text:"306" bar:1960 from:start till:335 text:"335" bar:1970 from:start till:336 text:"336" bar:1980 from:start till:307 text:"307" bar:1990 from:start till:432 text:"432" bar:2000 from:start till:445 text:"445"

Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 33.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (26.6%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (14.7%) and the Green Liberal Party (GLP) (6.9%). In the federal election, a total of 152 votes were cast, and the

voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Unive ...

was 44.7%.Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election
accessed 8 May 2012

Economy

, Kernenried had an unemployment rate of 1.59%. , there were a total of 104 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 36 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 13 people were employed in the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. ...

and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 55 people were employed in the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...

, with 12 businesses in this sector. there were a total of 75

full-time equivalent Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit that indicates the workload of an employee, employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often used to me ...

jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 26, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 11, all of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 38. In the tertiary sector; 16 or 42.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 21.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 4 or 10.5% were in education. , there were 25 workers who commuted into the municipality and 190 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb
accessed 24 June 2010 Of the working population, 11.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.7% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 28 or 6.3% were

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

, while 368 or 82.7% belonged to the

Swiss Reformed Church The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), (EKS); french: Église évangélique réformée de Suisse (EERS); it, Chiesa evangelica riformata in Svizzera (CERiS); rm, Baselgia evangelica refurmada da la Svizra (BRRS) formerly named Federation o ...

. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 8 individuals (or about 1.80% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 5 (or about 1.12% of the population) who were

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

ic. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 28 (or about 6.29% of the population) belonged to no church, are

agnostic Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient ...

atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...

, and 9 individuals (or about 2.02% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Kernenried about 201 or (45.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 60 or (13.5%) have completed additional higher education (either

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

or a ''

Fachhochschule A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts ...

''). Of the 60 who completed tertiary schooling, 73.3% were Swiss men, 26.7% were Swiss women. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory

Kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...

, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an

apprenticeship Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a Tradesman, trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners ...

. During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 57 students attending classes in Kernenried. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 8 students in the municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 49 students. Of the primary students 6.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document
accessed 4 January 2012 , there were 24 students in Kernenried who came from another municipality, while 32 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

References

External links

* {{Authority control Municipalities of the canton of Bern