Keratoderma is a hornlike skin condition.
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Classification
The keratodermas are classified into the following subgroups:[Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. .]
Congenital
* Simple keratodermas
** Diffuse palmoplantar keratodermas
*** Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
*** Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types
C ...
*** mal de Meleda
** Focal palmoplantar keratoderma
*** Striate palmoplantar keratoderma
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types
Cli ...
** Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma
*** Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris
*** Spiny keratoderma
*** Focal acral hyperkeratosis
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types
Cli ...
* Complex keratodermas
** Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma
*** Erythrokeratodermia variabilis
Erythrokeratodermia variabilis (also known as "erythrokeratodermia figurata variabilis", "keratosis extremitatum progrediens", "keratosis palmoplantaris transgrediens et progrediens",Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General ...
*** Palmoplantar keratoderma of Sybert
*** Olmsted syndrome
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types
Cli ...
*** Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome
Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome (NFJS), also known as chromatophore nevus of Naegeli and Naegeli syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia, characterized by reticular skin pigmentation, diminished function of ...
** Focal palmoplantar keratoderma
*** Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), also known as palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in cathepsin C.
Presentation
PLS is characterized by periodontitis and palmoplantar k ...
*** Pachyonychia congenita type I
Pachyonychia congenita (often abbreviated as "PC") is a rare group of autosomal dominant skin disorders that are caused by a mutation in one of five different keratin genes. Pachyonychia congenita is often associated with thickened toenails, plant ...
*** Pachyonychia congenita type II
*** Focal palmoplantar keratoderma with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis
*** Camisa disease
Camisa disease is the variant form of Vohwinkel syndrome, characterized by ichthyosis and normal hearing.Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. .
It is associated with loricrin.
It was ...
** Ectodermal dysplasia
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic syndromes all deriving from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Sau ...
s
*** Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a medical condition caused by mutations in a connexin gene, GJB6 or connexin-30, characterized by scalp hair that is wiry, brittle, and pale, often associated with patchy alopecia.Freedberg, et al. (20 ...
*** Acrokeratotic poikiloderma
*** Dermatopathic pigmentosa reticularis
** Syndromic keratodermas
*** Vohwinkel syndrome
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types
Cli ...
*** Palmoplantar keratoderma associated with esophageal cancer
*** Palmoplantar keratoderma and spastic paraplegia
*** Naxos disease
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Naxos disease (also known as "diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy" or "diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy", first desc ...
*** Striate palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and left ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy
*** Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome
*** Corneodermatosseous syndrome
*** Huriez syndrome
*** Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia
*** Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder, and is one of the RASopathies. It was first described in 1986.
It is characterized by the following:
*Distinctive facial appearance
*Unusually sparse, brittle, curly scal ...
*** Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome
Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition with punctate symmetric palmoplantar keratoderma, with the keratoderma and fragility of the nails beginning around age 12.Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatolo ...
Acquired
* Acquired keratodermas
** AIDS-associated keratoderma
** Arsenical keratoses
** Calluses
A callus is an area of thickened and sometimes hardened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Since repeated contact is required, calluses are most often found on the feet and hands, but they may o ...
** Climacteric keratoderma
** Clavi
Clavus may refer to:
* Claudius Clavus (born 1388), 15th-century Danish cartographer
* ''Clavus'' (gastropod), a genus of snails in the family Drilliidae
* The Roman ''clavus'', a reddish-purple stripe on garments that distinguished members of th ...
(Corns)
** Eczema
Dermatitis is inflammation of the Human skin, skin, typically characterized by itchiness, erythema, redness and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become lichenification, thick ...
** Human papillomavirus
Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the ''Papillomaviridae'' family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. In some cases, an HPV infection persists and res ...
** Keratoderma blenorrhagicum
** Lichen planus
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. It is not an actual lichen, and is only named that because it looks like one. It is characterized by polygonal, fla ...
** Norwegian scabies
** Paraneoplastic keratoderma
** Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by raised areas of abnormal skin. These areas are red, pink, or purple, dry, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete ...
** Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body (cross-reactivity). Coming into contact with bacteria and developing an infection can ...
** Secondary syphilis
Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and ...
** Tinea pedis
Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin. Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. Hair loss may occur in the area affected. Symptoms begin four to fourteen days after exposure. Multiple ar ...
** Sézary syndrome
** Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
** Drug-induced keratoderma
Treatment
Keratolytic products containing, urea, salicylic, glycolic and lactic acids are helpful. One proprietary cream (Pedifix Cracks and Calluses Cream) is efficacious.
See also
* Palmoplantar keratoderma
Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
Autosomal recessive, dominant, X-linked, and acquired forms have all been described.
Types
C ...
* Skin lesion
A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this s ...
* List of cutaneous conditions
Many skin conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against t ...
*
References
External links
Papulosquamous hyperkeratotic cutaneous conditions
{{Cutaneous-condition-stub